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The Yomiuri Shimbun
Tap Japan’s extended continental shelf for strategic development of resources
大陸棚延長 戦略的に海洋資源を開発せよ
A move has been taken that is highly important for further consolidating Japan’s status as a maritime nation.
海洋立国としての立場を一段と強固にするうえで、重要な前進だ。
The government has decided to lay down an ordinance to designate two sea areas, including the area north of the island of Okinotorishima, which constitutes the southern extremity of the country, as part of the nation’s continental shelf. The ordinance will cover further two areas, such as that in the vicinity of the Ogasawara Islands, after consulting with the United States on the matter.
政府は、日本最南端・沖ノ鳥島の北方など２か所の海域を、日本の大陸棚として政令で定めることを決めた。小笠原諸島周辺など２か所も米国と調整したうえで、政令に規定する予定だ。
The U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea stipulates that each coastal state has sovereign rights over an area 200 nautical miles from the coastline as its continental shelf for exploring and developing resources, such as those on the seabed, and for other purposes. It is possible for a state under the convention to expand the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles if and when it can prove that the extended continental shelf can be construed as having formed naturally.
国連海洋法条約は、沿岸から２００カイリまでを大陸棚とし、海底の資源開発などに関する沿岸国の主権的な権利を認めている。自然な地続きであると証明できれば、２００カイリを超えて延長できる。
The government’s plans for designating the continental shelf this time are in the wake of the acknowledgement in April 2012 by the U.N. Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) that the expansion of the limits of the nation’s continental shelf should be recognized as valid.
政府が今回制定する大陸棚は、一昨年４月に国連の大陸棚限界委員会から延長を認められた。
The total area to be covered by the expansion of the nation’s continental shelf will stand at an estimated 310,000 square kilometers, equivalent to about 80 percent of the nation’s entire land area. It is said precious resources exist on the continental shelf including methane hydrate, which contains natural gas. The expansion of the oceanic interests of Japan, a country poor in natural resources, is definitely of high significance.
総面積は計３１万平方キロ・メートルに及び、日本の国土の約８割にも相当する。大陸棚には、天然ガスを含有するメタンハイドレートなどの貴重な資源が存在するとされる。資源の乏しい日本が、海洋権益を広げる意義は大きい。
Commenting on the continental shelf expansion, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has stressed, “It is possible that the resources from the expanded sea areas will have a great impact on the future of Japan.” It is also important from the viewpoint of ensuring this country’s energy security.
安倍首相は「広い海からもたらされる資源は、日本の未来を切り開く可能性を秘めている」と強調している。エネルギー安全保障の観点でも重要である。
Objections from China, ROK
Resource developmental projects on the seabed, however, are extremely expensive and many technological challenges exist. Long-term plans should be formulated at the initiative of the government.
ただ、海底での資源開発は、巨額の費用を要し、技術的な課題も多い。政府主導による長期的な取り組みが必要である。
The CLCS, meanwhile, has been postponing judgment of Japan’s application seeking the U.N. body’s acknowledgement of the nation’s expansion of the continental shelf of the Southern Kyushu-Palau Ridge Region located to the south of Okinotorishima. This is because China and South Korea have opposed Japan’s submission of the application, claiming that Okinotorishima should not be deemed an island but “rocks,” meaning that it should not be considered a base point for determining the limits of Japan’s continental shelf.
一方、大陸棚限界委員会は、沖ノ鳥島の南方にある「九州パラオ海嶺南部海域」の大陸棚延長申請について結論を先送りしている。中国と韓国が「沖ノ鳥島は『島』でなく『岩』で、大陸棚の基点にならない」と反対したためだ。
Under the circumstances, the government should appeal to the international community to support the legitimacy of Japan’s assertion about the continental shelf expansion.
政府は国際社会に、日本の主張の正当性を訴えていくべきだ。
Around Okinotorishima is a vast exclusive economic zone, providing Japan with a wealth of marine products and seabed resources. The government should forge ahead with the task of preserving the island by pushing ahead with such projects as port and harbor construction.
沖ノ鳥島の周囲には、広大な排他的経済水域（ＥＥＺ）が広がり、水産・海底資源を日本にもたらしている。政府は、港湾施設の整備などを進め、島を確実に保全することが肝要である。
China’s heavy-handed maritime advances are not limited to the East China and South China seas, but have been spreading to the western Pacific region. It has been pointed out that there is a possibility Beijing, on the strength of extending support for construction projects of ports and harbors to island states in the region, might build naval bases there in the future. Through these moves, China most likely has taken into account the U.S. military base on Guam.
中国の強引な海洋進出は、東・南シナ海にとどまらず、西太平洋に及ぶ。島嶼（とうしょ）国の港湾整備を支援し、将来、中国海軍の拠点とする可能性も指摘される。グアムの米軍基地をにらんだ動きである。
Beefing up Japan’s efforts to ensure adequate oceanic administration in the seas in the environs of Okinotorishima, as well as such islands as Minami-Torishima and the Ogasawara Islands, will certainly have strategic significance on holding China’s moves in check.
日本が沖ノ鳥島や南鳥島、小笠原諸島の周辺海域で適切な海洋管理に努めることが、中国に対する戦略的なけん制効果を持とう。
In April last year, the government laid down the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy that is intended to serve as the basis of maritime measures for a period of five years. The plan sets key policy goals, including development of maritime resources, preservation and administration of remote islands, and technological development projects for oceanic, renewable energy sources.
政府は昨年４月、５年間の海洋政策の基本方針となる「海洋基本計画」を定めた。海洋資源開発や離島の保全・管理、海洋での再生可能エネルギーの技術開発などを重点的に推進する内容だ。
By working closely with the private sector, the government should address these objectives from a broad range of perspectives.
民間とも緊密に連携し、多角的に取り組むべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 21, 2014)
Tap Japan’s extended continental shelf for strategic development of resources
大陸棚延長 戦略的に海洋資源を開発せよ
A move has been taken that is highly important for further consolidating Japan’s status as a maritime nation.
海洋立国としての立場を一段と強固にするうえで、重要な前進だ。
The government has decided to lay down an ordinance to designate two sea areas, including the area north of the island of Okinotorishima, which constitutes the southern extremity of the country, as part of the nation’s continental shelf. The ordinance will cover further two areas, such as that in the vicinity of the Ogasawara Islands, after consulting with the United States on the matter.
政府は、日本最南端・沖ノ鳥島の北方など２か所の海域を、日本の大陸棚として政令で定めることを決めた。小笠原諸島周辺など２か所も米国と調整したうえで、政令に規定する予定だ。
The U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea stipulates that each coastal state has sovereign rights over an area 200 nautical miles from the coastline as its continental shelf for exploring and developing resources, such as those on the seabed, and for other purposes. It is possible for a state under the convention to expand the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles if and when it can prove that the extended continental shelf can be construed as having formed naturally.
国連海洋法条約は、沿岸から２００カイリまでを大陸棚とし、海底の資源開発などに関する沿岸国の主権的な権利を認めている。自然な地続きであると証明できれば、２００カイリを超えて延長できる。
The government’s plans for designating the continental shelf this time are in the wake of the acknowledgement in April 2012 by the U.N. Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) that the expansion of the limits of the nation’s continental shelf should be recognized as valid.
政府が今回制定する大陸棚は、一昨年４月に国連の大陸棚限界委員会から延長を認められた。
The total area to be covered by the expansion of the nation’s continental shelf will stand at an estimated 310,000 square kilometers, equivalent to about 80 percent of the nation’s entire land area. It is said precious resources exist on the continental shelf including methane hydrate, which contains natural gas. The expansion of the oceanic interests of Japan, a country poor in natural resources, is definitely of high significance.
総面積は計３１万平方キロ・メートルに及び、日本の国土の約８割にも相当する。大陸棚には、天然ガスを含有するメタンハイドレートなどの貴重な資源が存在するとされる。資源の乏しい日本が、海洋権益を広げる意義は大きい。
Commenting on the continental shelf expansion, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has stressed, “It is possible that the resources from the expanded sea areas will have a great impact on the future of Japan.” It is also important from the viewpoint of ensuring this country’s energy security.
安倍首相は「広い海からもたらされる資源は、日本の未来を切り開く可能性を秘めている」と強調している。エネルギー安全保障の観点でも重要である。
Objections from China, ROK
Resource developmental projects on the seabed, however, are extremely expensive and many technological challenges exist. Long-term plans should be formulated at the initiative of the government.
ただ、海底での資源開発は、巨額の費用を要し、技術的な課題も多い。政府主導による長期的な取り組みが必要である。
The CLCS, meanwhile, has been postponing judgment of Japan’s application seeking the U.N. body’s acknowledgement of the nation’s expansion of the continental shelf of the Southern Kyushu-Palau Ridge Region located to the south of Okinotorishima. This is because China and South Korea have opposed Japan’s submission of the application, claiming that Okinotorishima should not be deemed an island but “rocks,” meaning that it should not be considered a base point for determining the limits of Japan’s continental shelf.
一方、大陸棚限界委員会は、沖ノ鳥島の南方にある「九州パラオ海嶺南部海域」の大陸棚延長申請について結論を先送りしている。中国と韓国が「沖ノ鳥島は『島』でなく『岩』で、大陸棚の基点にならない」と反対したためだ。
Under the circumstances, the government should appeal to the international community to support the legitimacy of Japan’s assertion about the continental shelf expansion.
政府は国際社会に、日本の主張の正当性を訴えていくべきだ。
Around Okinotorishima is a vast exclusive economic zone, providing Japan with a wealth of marine products and seabed resources. The government should forge ahead with the task of preserving the island by pushing ahead with such projects as port and harbor construction.
沖ノ鳥島の周囲には、広大な排他的経済水域（ＥＥＺ）が広がり、水産・海底資源を日本にもたらしている。政府は、港湾施設の整備などを進め、島を確実に保全することが肝要である。
China’s heavy-handed maritime advances are not limited to the East China and South China seas, but have been spreading to the western Pacific region. It has been pointed out that there is a possibility Beijing, on the strength of extending support for construction projects of ports and harbors to island states in the region, might build naval bases there in the future. Through these moves, China most likely has taken into account the U.S. military base on Guam.
中国の強引な海洋進出は、東・南シナ海にとどまらず、西太平洋に及ぶ。島嶼（とうしょ）国の港湾整備を支援し、将来、中国海軍の拠点とする可能性も指摘される。グアムの米軍基地をにらんだ動きである。
Beefing up Japan’s efforts to ensure adequate oceanic administration in the seas in the environs of Okinotorishima, as well as such islands as Minami-Torishima and the Ogasawara Islands, will certainly have strategic significance on holding China’s moves in check.
日本が沖ノ鳥島や南鳥島、小笠原諸島の周辺海域で適切な海洋管理に努めることが、中国に対する戦略的なけん制効果を持とう。
In April last year, the government laid down the Basic Plan on Ocean Policy that is intended to serve as the basis of maritime measures for a period of five years. The plan sets key policy goals, including development of maritime resources, preservation and administration of remote islands, and technological development projects for oceanic, renewable energy sources.
政府は昨年４月、５年間の海洋政策の基本方針となる「海洋基本計画」を定めた。海洋資源開発や離島の保全・管理、海洋での再生可能エネルギーの技術開発などを重点的に推進する内容だ。
By working closely with the private sector, the government should address these objectives from a broad range of perspectives.
民間とも緊密に連携し、多角的に取り組むべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 21, 2014)
PR
The Yomiuri Shimbun
International pressure forced China to stop oil drilling in South China Sea
南シナ海情勢 掘削を中止させた対中包囲網
In the face of fierce criticism from the international community, China perhaps had no choice but to suspend its attempt to “change the status quo by force” when it ended its operations to drill for oil near the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea.
強い国際的な批判を受けて、「力による現状変更」を中断せざるを得なかったのだろう。
中国が、南シナ海・パラセル（西沙）諸島付近での石油掘削作業を終了した。
The operations were originally scheduled to continue through mid-August but ended earlier because “work proceeded smoothly,” according to China’s explanation. Undoubtedly, however, China bowed to the international pressures and curtailed the operations.
作業は当初、８月中旬までとされていた。中国は「作業が順調に終わった」と説明するが、実際は、対中包囲網が作業短縮の要因だったのは間違いあるまい。
In early May, China unilaterally started drilling for oil in a sea zone also claimed by Vietnam, which strongly urged it to halt its operations. Chinese and Vietnamese vessels rammed into one another repeatedly, sinking a Vietnamese boat in one instance and escalating the tension to a dangerous level.
中国がベトナムとの係争海域で一方的に掘削を始めたのは５月初旬だ。ベトナムは強く中止を求めた。中越双方の船が衝突を繰り返し、ベトナム船が沈没するなど、一時は危険な状態に陥った。
Large-scale anti-China demonstrations erupted in Vietnam one after another, while its government waged an international campaign denouncing China for its unjustness. Perhaps China had not expected that Vietnam—increasingly becoming economically dependent on China—would put up such fierce resistance.
ベトナムは、中国の不当性を国際社会に訴え、大規模な反中デモも続発した。中国は、経済面で対中依存を強めるベトナムの抵抗が、これほど激しいとは予測していなかったのではないか。
Exposing a greater miscalculation by China was the fact that Japan, the United States and members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations swiftly rallied behind Vietnam to strengthen their cooperation to counter China.
更に大きな誤算は、日米両国や、東南アジア諸国連合（ＡＳＥＡＮ）などによる対中連携が一気に強まったことだろう。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe criticized China for its self-righteousness at international conferences and on other occasions by repeatedly underscoring the importance of the rule of law in light of China’s territorial claims, which have no grounds in international law. His assertions were widely accepted in the international community.
安倍首相は国際会議などで、中国の独善的な行動を批判した。領有権を巡る中国の主張に国際法上の根拠がないことを念頭に、「法の支配」の重要性を繰り返し強調し、幅広い賛同を得た。
Stronger Japan-U.S. ties backed
Strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance through the approval of the exercise of the right of collective self-defense has won the support of many countries concerned.
集団的自衛権の行使容認を通じた日米同盟の強化も、関係国の支持を集めている。
With its policy of focusing on Asia, the United States made it clear it is willing to actively engage in South China Sea issues. At a time when Beijing is trying to exclude the United States from building an Asian security order, it is significant that the United States is squarely challenging such Chinese endeavors.
「アジア重視」政策を掲げる米国も、南シナ海問題に積極的に関与する姿勢を明確にした。中国がアジアの安保秩序から米国の排除をうかがう中、その意図を正面から否定する意義は大きい。
At their foreign ministerial talks in May, ASEAN members—whose stances toward China usually differ—took the concerted action of expressing “serious concerns” about the dangerous situation in the South China Sea.
普段は対中姿勢がばらつくＡＳＥＡＮ各国も外相会議で、南シナ海の危険な状況に「深刻な懸念」を表明し、共同歩調を取った。
China’s isolation could not have been any clearer.
中国の孤立は明らかだった。
A series of international meetings awaits China. The ASEAN Regional Forum, which will be joined by Japan, the United States and China, will be held early next month, while China will host the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit meeting in Beijing in November.
来月上旬には、日米中も参加するＡＳＥＡＮ地域フォーラム（ＡＲＦ）が開かれる。１１月には、中国が北京でアジア太平洋経済協力会議（ＡＰＥＣ）首脳会議を主宰する予定だ。
China apparently wants to avoid being the target of criticism in these forums. Some observers predict that the country will exercise self-restraint for the time being.
中国には、こうした場で対中批判が集中する事態を避けたい思惑があろう。当面は、抑制的な行動を取るとの見方も出ている。
Even so, China will surely not change its strategy of expanding its territories and maritime interests in the South and East China seas.
しかし、南・東シナ海で自らの領土や海洋権益の拡大を図る中国の海洋進出戦略は変わるまい。
Japan and the United States must brace themselves for a prolonged, hegemonic campaign by China.
日米両国は、中国の覇権的な行動は長期化すると覚悟すべきだ。
It is notable, however, that accumulated efforts by the international community have borne some fruit this time around. Factoring this experience in, the nations concerned should try to persuade China to constructively participate in an initiative to build a new Asian order.
今回、国際的な連携の積み重ねが一定の成果を上げた。この経験を踏まえつつ、新たなアジア秩序作りに、中国を建設的な形で参加させていくことが求められよう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 20, 2014)
International pressure forced China to stop oil drilling in South China Sea
南シナ海情勢 掘削を中止させた対中包囲網
In the face of fierce criticism from the international community, China perhaps had no choice but to suspend its attempt to “change the status quo by force” when it ended its operations to drill for oil near the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea.
強い国際的な批判を受けて、「力による現状変更」を中断せざるを得なかったのだろう。
中国が、南シナ海・パラセル（西沙）諸島付近での石油掘削作業を終了した。
The operations were originally scheduled to continue through mid-August but ended earlier because “work proceeded smoothly,” according to China’s explanation. Undoubtedly, however, China bowed to the international pressures and curtailed the operations.
作業は当初、８月中旬までとされていた。中国は「作業が順調に終わった」と説明するが、実際は、対中包囲網が作業短縮の要因だったのは間違いあるまい。
In early May, China unilaterally started drilling for oil in a sea zone also claimed by Vietnam, which strongly urged it to halt its operations. Chinese and Vietnamese vessels rammed into one another repeatedly, sinking a Vietnamese boat in one instance and escalating the tension to a dangerous level.
中国がベトナムとの係争海域で一方的に掘削を始めたのは５月初旬だ。ベトナムは強く中止を求めた。中越双方の船が衝突を繰り返し、ベトナム船が沈没するなど、一時は危険な状態に陥った。
Large-scale anti-China demonstrations erupted in Vietnam one after another, while its government waged an international campaign denouncing China for its unjustness. Perhaps China had not expected that Vietnam—increasingly becoming economically dependent on China—would put up such fierce resistance.
ベトナムは、中国の不当性を国際社会に訴え、大規模な反中デモも続発した。中国は、経済面で対中依存を強めるベトナムの抵抗が、これほど激しいとは予測していなかったのではないか。
Exposing a greater miscalculation by China was the fact that Japan, the United States and members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations swiftly rallied behind Vietnam to strengthen their cooperation to counter China.
更に大きな誤算は、日米両国や、東南アジア諸国連合（ＡＳＥＡＮ）などによる対中連携が一気に強まったことだろう。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe criticized China for its self-righteousness at international conferences and on other occasions by repeatedly underscoring the importance of the rule of law in light of China’s territorial claims, which have no grounds in international law. His assertions were widely accepted in the international community.
安倍首相は国際会議などで、中国の独善的な行動を批判した。領有権を巡る中国の主張に国際法上の根拠がないことを念頭に、「法の支配」の重要性を繰り返し強調し、幅広い賛同を得た。
Stronger Japan-U.S. ties backed
Strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance through the approval of the exercise of the right of collective self-defense has won the support of many countries concerned.
集団的自衛権の行使容認を通じた日米同盟の強化も、関係国の支持を集めている。
With its policy of focusing on Asia, the United States made it clear it is willing to actively engage in South China Sea issues. At a time when Beijing is trying to exclude the United States from building an Asian security order, it is significant that the United States is squarely challenging such Chinese endeavors.
「アジア重視」政策を掲げる米国も、南シナ海問題に積極的に関与する姿勢を明確にした。中国がアジアの安保秩序から米国の排除をうかがう中、その意図を正面から否定する意義は大きい。
At their foreign ministerial talks in May, ASEAN members—whose stances toward China usually differ—took the concerted action of expressing “serious concerns” about the dangerous situation in the South China Sea.
普段は対中姿勢がばらつくＡＳＥＡＮ各国も外相会議で、南シナ海の危険な状況に「深刻な懸念」を表明し、共同歩調を取った。
China’s isolation could not have been any clearer.
中国の孤立は明らかだった。
A series of international meetings awaits China. The ASEAN Regional Forum, which will be joined by Japan, the United States and China, will be held early next month, while China will host the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit meeting in Beijing in November.
来月上旬には、日米中も参加するＡＳＥＡＮ地域フォーラム（ＡＲＦ）が開かれる。１１月には、中国が北京でアジア太平洋経済協力会議（ＡＰＥＣ）首脳会議を主宰する予定だ。
China apparently wants to avoid being the target of criticism in these forums. Some observers predict that the country will exercise self-restraint for the time being.
中国には、こうした場で対中批判が集中する事態を避けたい思惑があろう。当面は、抑制的な行動を取るとの見方も出ている。
Even so, China will surely not change its strategy of expanding its territories and maritime interests in the South and East China seas.
しかし、南・東シナ海で自らの領土や海洋権益の拡大を図る中国の海洋進出戦略は変わるまい。
Japan and the United States must brace themselves for a prolonged, hegemonic campaign by China.
日米両国は、中国の覇権的な行動は長期化すると覚悟すべきだ。
It is notable, however, that accumulated efforts by the international community have borne some fruit this time around. Factoring this experience in, the nations concerned should try to persuade China to constructively participate in an initiative to build a new Asian order.
今回、国際的な連携の積み重ねが一定の成果を上げた。この経験を踏まえつつ、新たなアジア秩序作りに、中国を建設的な形で参加させていくことが求められよう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 20, 2014)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
International investigation critical to discovering truth in MH17 tragedy
ウクライナ撃墜 真相究明の国際調査が急務だ
Innocent civilians have been caught up in a terrible tragedy in conflict-torn Ukraine.
紛争の続くウクライナで、無辜むこの民間人を巻き込む大惨事が起きた。
The international community must stand united and quickly get to the bottom of what happened.
国際社会が連携し、真相の究明を急がなければならない。
In eastern Ukraine, an area effectively controlled by pro-Russian militants, a Malaysian Airlines jet that was flying at an altitude of 10,000 meters crashed on Thursday. All 298 passengers and crew aboard the plane died.
親ロシア派の武装集団が実効支配するウクライナ東部で、１万メートルの上空を飛んでいたマレーシア航空機が墜落し、乗客・乗員２９８人全員が死亡した。
Ukrainian authorities have determined that the pro-Russian insurgents launched a Soviet surface-to-air missile, and Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has condemned the incident as “an act of terrorism.” There are reportedly records of communications between the separatists and a Russian officer, which has fueled suspicions of Russian military involvement.
ウクライナ当局は、親露派武装集団が旧ソ連製の地対空ミサイルを発射したと断定し、ポロシェンコ大統領は「テロリストが撃墜した」と糾弾した。武装集団が露将校に連絡した形跡もあり、ロシア軍の関与が疑われるという。
The insurgents and the Ukrainian military have frequently clashed in the region where the civilian airliner crashed. A Ukrainian military transport plane and a fighter jet also were shot down in the area recently. Observers have suggested that the militants possibly launched the missile after mistaking Flight MH17 for a Ukrainian military aircraft.
この地域では、武装集団とウクライナ軍が日常的に衝突を繰り返している。最近はウクライナ軍の輸送機や戦闘機などが相次いで撃墜されていた。武装集団が旅客機をウクライナ軍機と見誤って攻撃した可能性も指摘される。
The rebels have claimed that Kiev’s armed forces shot down the airliner. However, the United States found the missile was fired from an area under rebel control. The United States detected the missile tracking toward the plane based on its satellite data and other information, and analyzed where it was launched from.
武装集団は「ウクライナ軍による撃墜だ」と主張している。だが、米国が人工衛星の情報などで、旅客機を追尾するミサイルをとらえ、発射地点を解析したところ、武装集団の支配地域から放たれたミサイルだったという。
Poroshenko has decided to set up a commission to investigate the incident. Experts from Malaysia and the International Civil Aviation Organization will participate in the commission, and the United States has indicated it plans to cooperate.
ポロシェンコ大統領は、調査委員会の設置を決めた。国際民間航空機関（ＩＣＡＯ）やマレーシアの専門家も参加し、米国も協力する方針を示している。
Probe needs full support
Collection and analysis of fragments of the missile and the black boxes that recorded flight data of the airliner will provide major clues for determining the truth behind the attack.
ミサイルの破片や、旅客機の飛行データを記録した「ブラックボックス」の回収・分析が、解明の大きな手がかりとなる。
U.S. President Barack Obama has urged Poroshenko to safeguard all the evidence at the crash site. This is an appropriate response, given the need to prevent interference with the investigation and destruction of the evidence.
オバマ米大統領は、ポロシェンコ大統領に、現場での証拠をすべて保全するよう促した。証拠隠滅や調査妨害を防ぐうえで適切な対応と言えよう。
It is essential that the investigation team and its experts are given access to the crash site area and are allowed to conduct their examination properly. The militants should heed calls for a ceasefire and guarantee the safety of the investigators.
専門家を含む調査団が、墜落現場周辺に立ち入って、十分な活動を行えるようにすることが欠かせない。武装集団は停戦に応じ、調査団の安全を保証するべきだ。
The U.N. Security Council held an emergency meeting and issued a statement calling for an “international investigation.” It is important that this investigation be transparent and independent. Nations affected by this incident, not least Russia, also will need to provide full cooperation to the investigation.
国連安全保障理事会は緊急会合を開き、国際機関による調査を求める声明を発表した。独立性と透明性を確保することが重要だ。ロシアをはじめ関係国も、調査への全面的な協力が求められる。
Political maneuvering is intensifying among nations affected by the crash. The United States and the European Union had only just tightened sanctions on Russia over its violations of Ukraine’s sovereignty.
関係国の駆け引きも激化している。米国と欧州連合（ＥＵ）は、ロシアがウクライナの主権を侵害しているとして、対露制裁を強化したばかりだ。
Shortly before the airliner crashed, Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida met with Poroshenko and other officials, and pledged to continue Japan’s assistance to Ukraine. We hope Japan will cooperate to ensure the stability of Ukraine and help establish conditions that will ensure there is no repeat of the Flight MH17 tragedy.
岸田外相は墜落の直前、ポロシェンコ大統領らと会談し、ウクライナ支援の継続を表明した。日本もウクライナの安定化に協力し、こうした悲劇を繰り返さないための環境作りに関与したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 19, 2014)
International investigation critical to discovering truth in MH17 tragedy
ウクライナ撃墜 真相究明の国際調査が急務だ
Innocent civilians have been caught up in a terrible tragedy in conflict-torn Ukraine.
紛争の続くウクライナで、無辜むこの民間人を巻き込む大惨事が起きた。
The international community must stand united and quickly get to the bottom of what happened.
国際社会が連携し、真相の究明を急がなければならない。
In eastern Ukraine, an area effectively controlled by pro-Russian militants, a Malaysian Airlines jet that was flying at an altitude of 10,000 meters crashed on Thursday. All 298 passengers and crew aboard the plane died.
親ロシア派の武装集団が実効支配するウクライナ東部で、１万メートルの上空を飛んでいたマレーシア航空機が墜落し、乗客・乗員２９８人全員が死亡した。
Ukrainian authorities have determined that the pro-Russian insurgents launched a Soviet surface-to-air missile, and Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has condemned the incident as “an act of terrorism.” There are reportedly records of communications between the separatists and a Russian officer, which has fueled suspicions of Russian military involvement.
ウクライナ当局は、親露派武装集団が旧ソ連製の地対空ミサイルを発射したと断定し、ポロシェンコ大統領は「テロリストが撃墜した」と糾弾した。武装集団が露将校に連絡した形跡もあり、ロシア軍の関与が疑われるという。
The insurgents and the Ukrainian military have frequently clashed in the region where the civilian airliner crashed. A Ukrainian military transport plane and a fighter jet also were shot down in the area recently. Observers have suggested that the militants possibly launched the missile after mistaking Flight MH17 for a Ukrainian military aircraft.
この地域では、武装集団とウクライナ軍が日常的に衝突を繰り返している。最近はウクライナ軍の輸送機や戦闘機などが相次いで撃墜されていた。武装集団が旅客機をウクライナ軍機と見誤って攻撃した可能性も指摘される。
The rebels have claimed that Kiev’s armed forces shot down the airliner. However, the United States found the missile was fired from an area under rebel control. The United States detected the missile tracking toward the plane based on its satellite data and other information, and analyzed where it was launched from.
武装集団は「ウクライナ軍による撃墜だ」と主張している。だが、米国が人工衛星の情報などで、旅客機を追尾するミサイルをとらえ、発射地点を解析したところ、武装集団の支配地域から放たれたミサイルだったという。
Poroshenko has decided to set up a commission to investigate the incident. Experts from Malaysia and the International Civil Aviation Organization will participate in the commission, and the United States has indicated it plans to cooperate.
ポロシェンコ大統領は、調査委員会の設置を決めた。国際民間航空機関（ＩＣＡＯ）やマレーシアの専門家も参加し、米国も協力する方針を示している。
Probe needs full support
Collection and analysis of fragments of the missile and the black boxes that recorded flight data of the airliner will provide major clues for determining the truth behind the attack.
ミサイルの破片や、旅客機の飛行データを記録した「ブラックボックス」の回収・分析が、解明の大きな手がかりとなる。
U.S. President Barack Obama has urged Poroshenko to safeguard all the evidence at the crash site. This is an appropriate response, given the need to prevent interference with the investigation and destruction of the evidence.
オバマ米大統領は、ポロシェンコ大統領に、現場での証拠をすべて保全するよう促した。証拠隠滅や調査妨害を防ぐうえで適切な対応と言えよう。
It is essential that the investigation team and its experts are given access to the crash site area and are allowed to conduct their examination properly. The militants should heed calls for a ceasefire and guarantee the safety of the investigators.
専門家を含む調査団が、墜落現場周辺に立ち入って、十分な活動を行えるようにすることが欠かせない。武装集団は停戦に応じ、調査団の安全を保証するべきだ。
The U.N. Security Council held an emergency meeting and issued a statement calling for an “international investigation.” It is important that this investigation be transparent and independent. Nations affected by this incident, not least Russia, also will need to provide full cooperation to the investigation.
国連安全保障理事会は緊急会合を開き、国際機関による調査を求める声明を発表した。独立性と透明性を確保することが重要だ。ロシアをはじめ関係国も、調査への全面的な協力が求められる。
Political maneuvering is intensifying among nations affected by the crash. The United States and the European Union had only just tightened sanctions on Russia over its violations of Ukraine’s sovereignty.
関係国の駆け引きも激化している。米国と欧州連合（ＥＵ）は、ロシアがウクライナの主権を侵害しているとして、対露制裁を強化したばかりだ。
Shortly before the airliner crashed, Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida met with Poroshenko and other officials, and pledged to continue Japan’s assistance to Ukraine. We hope Japan will cooperate to ensure the stability of Ukraine and help establish conditions that will ensure there is no repeat of the Flight MH17 tragedy.
岸田外相は墜落の直前、ポロシェンコ大統領らと会談し、ウクライナ支援の継続を表明した。日本もウクライナの安定化に協力し、こうした悲劇を繰り返さないための環境作りに関与したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 19, 2014)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Top court ruling must not impede information disclosure requests
沖縄「密約」判決 文書管理と原則公開の徹底を
Documents on a secret agreement may have existed, but that does not mean they were kept by the Foreign Ministry—this was the opinion expressed by the Supreme Court in a recent ruling regarding the disclosure of documents on a secret Japan-U.S. accord.
「密約」文書が作成されたとしても、外務省が保有していたとは認められない――。最高裁はそう指摘した。
Former Mainichi Shimbun reporter Takichi Nishiyama and other plaintiffs have demanded the court order the government to disclose documents confirming the existence of a secret accord tied to the 1972 reversion of Okinawa Prefecture to Japan from U.S. control.
沖縄返還に伴う日米間の密約を示す文書の開示を、元毎日新聞記者の西山太吉氏らが求めた訴訟の判決だ。
On Monday, the top court upheld a high court ruling which concluded that it was legitimate for the government to turn down an information disclosure request for the documents on the grounds that such documents “do not exist.”
最高裁は、「文書の不存在」を理由に開示しなかった国の決定を適法とした２審判決を支持した。
Despite the ruling, the high court acknowledged that the secret agreement did exist between Tokyo and Washington, and referred to the possibility that the documents were secretly destroyed by the Foreign Ministry or other parties.
２審判決は、文書の存在を認めた上で、外務省などが秘密裏に文書を廃棄した可能性に言及した。
But Monday’s ruling did not go that far, and we believe the top court was duly careful to avoid making assumptions.
最高裁判決はそこまでは踏み込まなかった。推測を交えず、慎重に判断したと言えよう。
The papers in question include one showing that Japan, during the negotiation process with the United States for the 1972 reversion, has agreed to pay $4 million for the restoration of land occupied by the U.S. military.
問題となったのは、１９７２年の沖縄返還に至る日米交渉の過程で、米軍用地の原状回復費４００万ドルを日本側が肩代わりすることなどを申し合わせた文書だ。
Nishiyama obtained a copy of the relevant documents from a Foreign Ministry official. Based on the copy, an opposition party lawmaker questioned the government in the Diet.
西山氏が関連文書の写しを外務省職員から入手し、野党議員がそれを基に国会で追及した。
Nishiyama was later convicted for violating the National Civil Service Law.
西山氏は国家公務員法違反で有罪となった。
These series of events are now known as the “Nishiyama incident.”
「西山事件」である。
The government denied the existence of the secret accord when suspicions were raised.
日本政府は当時、密約を否定した。
The decision was apparently not easy—we assume that the government decided to deny the suspicion so the reversion of Okinawa would smoothly proceed.
沖縄返還を円滑に実現するため、苦渋の選択をしたという一面もあったろう。
There are always secrets in diplomatic negotiations, which have a huge impact on national interests.
国益をかけた外交交渉に秘密はつきものだ。
Govt’s irresponsible attitude
In 2000, an official document indicating the existence of the secret accord was discovered in the United States. ２０００年になって、米国で密約の存在を示す公文書が発見された。
Later, a former director of the Foreign Ministry’s American Bureau who was in charge of negotiations with the United States for the handover admitted Japan’s payment for land restoration during a media interview.
沖縄返還協定の対米交渉責任者だった元外務省局長は、報道機関のインタビューで、日本側の肩代わりを認めた。
However, the government continued to deny the existence of the secret accord.
日本政府はその後も、密約自体を否定し続けた。
There is no way to avoid criticisms that the government had dodged its responsibility to explain the incident.
国民に対する説明責任に背を向けたと批判されても仕方ない。
Examination of the case took place under the Democratic Party of Japan-led administrations from 2009 to 2010, and a Foreign Ministry advisory panel admitted that Tokyo and Washington exchanged “a secret pact in a broad sense.” 民主党政権下の２００９～１０年に検証作業が行われ、外務省の有識者委員会は、日米間に「広義の密約」があったと認定した。
The ministry also conducted an in-house investigation but failed to find documents of the secret accord itself.
一方、外務省の内部調査で、密約文書そのものは発見されなかった。
Considering the circumstances, the top court likely decided to cautiously approach the issue.
こうした経緯から、最高裁は、慎重な姿勢に徹したのだろう。
There is one concern over the ruling, however: The top court ruled that those requesting information disclosures bear the burden of proving the existence of the documents in question.
疑問が残るのは、最高裁が、文書の存在を立証する責任を開示請求者側に負わせた点だ。
But it is extremely difficult for an ordinary citizen to know how administrative bodies handle the documents they are seeking.
一般国民が、行政機関の文書管理の状況を把握するのは極めて難しい。
We are afraid that Monday’s ruling may raise the bar for people wishing to access government documents through the freedom-of-information system.
今回の判決で、情報公開のハードルが、これまでよりも高くならないだろうか。
The system is able to exist on the condition that administrative organs preserve their documents appropriately.
情報公開制度は、行政機関が文書を適切に保存していることを前提に成り立っている。
It is impermissible for such organs to arbitrarily destroy their documents to avoid them being disclosed to the public.
仮にも、行政機関が恣意しい的に文書を廃棄し、情報公開を免れるようなことはあってはならない。
The principle must be reasserted once again that diplomatic documents should be disclosed to the public after a certain period of time to let posterity examine them.
外交文書は原則、一定期間後に公開して、後世の検証を受けられるようにする必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 16, 2014)
Top court ruling must not impede information disclosure requests
沖縄「密約」判決 文書管理と原則公開の徹底を
Documents on a secret agreement may have existed, but that does not mean they were kept by the Foreign Ministry—this was the opinion expressed by the Supreme Court in a recent ruling regarding the disclosure of documents on a secret Japan-U.S. accord.
「密約」文書が作成されたとしても、外務省が保有していたとは認められない――。最高裁はそう指摘した。
Former Mainichi Shimbun reporter Takichi Nishiyama and other plaintiffs have demanded the court order the government to disclose documents confirming the existence of a secret accord tied to the 1972 reversion of Okinawa Prefecture to Japan from U.S. control.
沖縄返還に伴う日米間の密約を示す文書の開示を、元毎日新聞記者の西山太吉氏らが求めた訴訟の判決だ。
On Monday, the top court upheld a high court ruling which concluded that it was legitimate for the government to turn down an information disclosure request for the documents on the grounds that such documents “do not exist.”
最高裁は、「文書の不存在」を理由に開示しなかった国の決定を適法とした２審判決を支持した。
Despite the ruling, the high court acknowledged that the secret agreement did exist between Tokyo and Washington, and referred to the possibility that the documents were secretly destroyed by the Foreign Ministry or other parties.
２審判決は、文書の存在を認めた上で、外務省などが秘密裏に文書を廃棄した可能性に言及した。
But Monday’s ruling did not go that far, and we believe the top court was duly careful to avoid making assumptions.
最高裁判決はそこまでは踏み込まなかった。推測を交えず、慎重に判断したと言えよう。
The papers in question include one showing that Japan, during the negotiation process with the United States for the 1972 reversion, has agreed to pay $4 million for the restoration of land occupied by the U.S. military.
問題となったのは、１９７２年の沖縄返還に至る日米交渉の過程で、米軍用地の原状回復費４００万ドルを日本側が肩代わりすることなどを申し合わせた文書だ。
Nishiyama obtained a copy of the relevant documents from a Foreign Ministry official. Based on the copy, an opposition party lawmaker questioned the government in the Diet.
西山氏が関連文書の写しを外務省職員から入手し、野党議員がそれを基に国会で追及した。
Nishiyama was later convicted for violating the National Civil Service Law.
西山氏は国家公務員法違反で有罪となった。
These series of events are now known as the “Nishiyama incident.”
「西山事件」である。
The government denied the existence of the secret accord when suspicions were raised.
日本政府は当時、密約を否定した。
The decision was apparently not easy—we assume that the government decided to deny the suspicion so the reversion of Okinawa would smoothly proceed.
沖縄返還を円滑に実現するため、苦渋の選択をしたという一面もあったろう。
There are always secrets in diplomatic negotiations, which have a huge impact on national interests.
国益をかけた外交交渉に秘密はつきものだ。
Govt’s irresponsible attitude
In 2000, an official document indicating the existence of the secret accord was discovered in the United States. ２０００年になって、米国で密約の存在を示す公文書が発見された。
Later, a former director of the Foreign Ministry’s American Bureau who was in charge of negotiations with the United States for the handover admitted Japan’s payment for land restoration during a media interview.
沖縄返還協定の対米交渉責任者だった元外務省局長は、報道機関のインタビューで、日本側の肩代わりを認めた。
However, the government continued to deny the existence of the secret accord.
日本政府はその後も、密約自体を否定し続けた。
There is no way to avoid criticisms that the government had dodged its responsibility to explain the incident.
国民に対する説明責任に背を向けたと批判されても仕方ない。
Examination of the case took place under the Democratic Party of Japan-led administrations from 2009 to 2010, and a Foreign Ministry advisory panel admitted that Tokyo and Washington exchanged “a secret pact in a broad sense.” 民主党政権下の２００９～１０年に検証作業が行われ、外務省の有識者委員会は、日米間に「広義の密約」があったと認定した。
The ministry also conducted an in-house investigation but failed to find documents of the secret accord itself.
一方、外務省の内部調査で、密約文書そのものは発見されなかった。
Considering the circumstances, the top court likely decided to cautiously approach the issue.
こうした経緯から、最高裁は、慎重な姿勢に徹したのだろう。
There is one concern over the ruling, however: The top court ruled that those requesting information disclosures bear the burden of proving the existence of the documents in question.
疑問が残るのは、最高裁が、文書の存在を立証する責任を開示請求者側に負わせた点だ。
But it is extremely difficult for an ordinary citizen to know how administrative bodies handle the documents they are seeking.
一般国民が、行政機関の文書管理の状況を把握するのは極めて難しい。
We are afraid that Monday’s ruling may raise the bar for people wishing to access government documents through the freedom-of-information system.
今回の判決で、情報公開のハードルが、これまでよりも高くならないだろうか。
The system is able to exist on the condition that administrative organs preserve their documents appropriately.
情報公開制度は、行政機関が文書を適切に保存していることを前提に成り立っている。
It is impermissible for such organs to arbitrarily destroy their documents to avoid them being disclosed to the public.
仮にも、行政機関が恣意しい的に文書を廃棄し、情報公開を免れるようなことはあってはならない。
The principle must be reasserted once again that diplomatic documents should be disclosed to the public after a certain period of time to let posterity examine them.
外交文書は原則、一定期間後に公開して、後世の検証を受けられるようにする必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 16, 2014)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Diet debate must be deepened on collective self-defense right
集団的自衛権 国会の論議をさらに深めたい
Diet debate must be intensified further on what can or cannot be done under the government’s new interpretation of the Constitution that would enable a limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
集団的自衛権の行使を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解により、何ができ、何ができないのか。国会での議論をさらに深めることが重要だ。
The first Diet discussions on the matter since the Cabinet approval of the new interpretation were held at the House of Representatives Budget Committee on Monday. Banri Kaieda, president of major opposition party the Democratic Party of Japan, expressed strong opposition to the Cabinet’s decision on the new interpretation, arguing: “The government has made an about-face in constitutional interpretation without holding Diet discussions. Is it all right to make a decision without listening to the people’s opinions?”
新見解の閣議決定後初の国会論戦が、衆院予算委員会で行われた。民主党の海江田代表は、閣議決定について「国会の議論をせず、憲法解釈を百八十度変える。国民の声を無視して決めて良いのか」と反対する考えを強調した。
Countering that 70 lawmakers had been involved in question-and-answer sessions, including intensive deliberations, in addition to discussions by an expert panel and consultative talks between the ruling parties, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe brushed aside the criticism that the Cabinet decision was made “with more haste than caution.”
安倍首相は、有識者会議の議論や与党協議に加え、国会の集中審議などで議員７０人の質疑があったとし、「閣議決定が拙速だとの指摘は当たらない」と反論した。
Abe’s contention is reasonable because the government and ruling parties went through adequate procedures before making the Cabinet decision.
政府・与党は十分に手順を踏んでおり、首相の主張は妥当だ。
Diet deliberations will be conducted on bills related to a limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense. We hope to see that the planned sessions will serve as forums to hold intensive discussions about specific cases in which the right will be exercised, so as to win over a greater number of the people on the new constitutional interpretation.
今後、関連法案の国会審議も行われる。より多くの国民が新見解を理解するよう、具体的事例に即して集中的に議論する機会としたい。
It is also indispensable to hold discussions on the security environment around Japan, which has been growing more severe due to such factors as North Korea’s recent series of ballistic missile launches.
最近の北朝鮮の相次ぐ弾道ミサイル発射など、厳しさを増す国際情勢の論議も欠かせない。
Referring to the three conditions newly set for exercise of the right of collective self-defense, including “there is a clear danger that the people’s rights will be fundamentally undermined,” Abe presented criteria for judgment on whether to approve an exercise of the right.
「国民の権利を根本から覆す明白な危険」などの集団的自衛権行使の新３要件について首相は、行使の可否の判断基準を示した。
Abe said the government will make judgments by “comprehensively considering” such factors as “the intention and capability of a country threatening to attack, and the location, scale and situation of a contingency,” and in light of “the seriousness and graveness of damage anticipated to be suffered by the people.”
「攻撃国の意思、能力、事態の発生場所、規模、態様」などを政府が「総合的に勘案」し、「国民が被る犠牲の深刻性、重大性」などから判断する、と語った。
Too many constraints harmful
The DPJ’s Katsuya Okada, a former deputy prime minister, criticized the government, saying, “The criteria for judgment are ambiguous, and this leaves much room for [the government’s] discretion.”
民主党の岡田克也前副総理は「基準があいまいで（政府の）裁量の余地が大きい」と批判した。
Limiting the exercise of the right of collective self-defense is unavoidable to maintain the legal consistency of constitutional interpretation. However, if too much emphasis is placed on restraints for their own sake, it would lead to excessively restricting the scope of Self-Defense Forces activities and the effectiveness of their operations would be lost.
集団的自衛権の行使を限定的にするのは、憲法解釈の法的整合性を保つためにやむを得ない。だが、限定のための「歯止め」ばかりを重視すれば、自衛隊の活動を過度に制約し、実効性が失われる。
Giving the government a certain level of discretionary power is a realistic option to make it possible to deal with various situations effectively.
様々な事態に効果的に対処できるよう、政府に一定の裁量権を認めることが現実的である。
While stressing that the SDF will not take part in international military operations such as those during the Persian Gulf and Iraq wars, Abe showed an interest in the SDF’s participation in minesweeping operations, saying that they are “passive and limited and different in nature [in terms of the use of force].”
首相は、イラク・湾岸戦争のような海外での武力行使には参加しないと強調する一方で、機雷除去には意欲を示した。掃海活動は「受動的、限定的で、（武力行使の）性格が違う」と語った。
The idea of differentiating between attacks on other countries and minesweeping operations is understandable. We hope to see the government provide more detailed and comprehensible explanations on the matter.
他国への攻撃と掃海を区別する考え方は理解できる。より丁寧で分かりやすい説明を求めたい。
The DPJ is opposed to the government resorting to changing the constitutional interpretation to approve the exercise of the right of collective self-defense, but has yet to reach a conclusion of its own on whether to approve a limited use of the right. This is because the party has avoided internal discussions of national security due to intraparty differences of opinion. The party should present a unified view of national security as soon as possible.
民主党は、憲法解釈の変更という手法には反対しているが、集団的自衛権の限定容認の可否については結論を出せていない。党内に賛否両論を抱え、安全保障論議を避けてきたツケである。早く党の統一見解を示すべきだ。
Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and Your Party have already decided to endorse the limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense. The government and ruling parties must make steady efforts to compile relevant bills that would enable the limited use of the right.
日本維新の会やみんなの党は既に、限定容認への支持を決めている。政府・与党は、関連法の整備を着実に進めてもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 15, 2014)
Diet debate must be deepened on collective self-defense right
集団的自衛権 国会の論議をさらに深めたい
Diet debate must be intensified further on what can or cannot be done under the government’s new interpretation of the Constitution that would enable a limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
集団的自衛権の行使を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解により、何ができ、何ができないのか。国会での議論をさらに深めることが重要だ。
The first Diet discussions on the matter since the Cabinet approval of the new interpretation were held at the House of Representatives Budget Committee on Monday. Banri Kaieda, president of major opposition party the Democratic Party of Japan, expressed strong opposition to the Cabinet’s decision on the new interpretation, arguing: “The government has made an about-face in constitutional interpretation without holding Diet discussions. Is it all right to make a decision without listening to the people’s opinions?”
新見解の閣議決定後初の国会論戦が、衆院予算委員会で行われた。民主党の海江田代表は、閣議決定について「国会の議論をせず、憲法解釈を百八十度変える。国民の声を無視して決めて良いのか」と反対する考えを強調した。
Countering that 70 lawmakers had been involved in question-and-answer sessions, including intensive deliberations, in addition to discussions by an expert panel and consultative talks between the ruling parties, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe brushed aside the criticism that the Cabinet decision was made “with more haste than caution.”
安倍首相は、有識者会議の議論や与党協議に加え、国会の集中審議などで議員７０人の質疑があったとし、「閣議決定が拙速だとの指摘は当たらない」と反論した。
Abe’s contention is reasonable because the government and ruling parties went through adequate procedures before making the Cabinet decision.
政府・与党は十分に手順を踏んでおり、首相の主張は妥当だ。
Diet deliberations will be conducted on bills related to a limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense. We hope to see that the planned sessions will serve as forums to hold intensive discussions about specific cases in which the right will be exercised, so as to win over a greater number of the people on the new constitutional interpretation.
今後、関連法案の国会審議も行われる。より多くの国民が新見解を理解するよう、具体的事例に即して集中的に議論する機会としたい。
It is also indispensable to hold discussions on the security environment around Japan, which has been growing more severe due to such factors as North Korea’s recent series of ballistic missile launches.
最近の北朝鮮の相次ぐ弾道ミサイル発射など、厳しさを増す国際情勢の論議も欠かせない。
Referring to the three conditions newly set for exercise of the right of collective self-defense, including “there is a clear danger that the people’s rights will be fundamentally undermined,” Abe presented criteria for judgment on whether to approve an exercise of the right.
「国民の権利を根本から覆す明白な危険」などの集団的自衛権行使の新３要件について首相は、行使の可否の判断基準を示した。
Abe said the government will make judgments by “comprehensively considering” such factors as “the intention and capability of a country threatening to attack, and the location, scale and situation of a contingency,” and in light of “the seriousness and graveness of damage anticipated to be suffered by the people.”
「攻撃国の意思、能力、事態の発生場所、規模、態様」などを政府が「総合的に勘案」し、「国民が被る犠牲の深刻性、重大性」などから判断する、と語った。
Too many constraints harmful
The DPJ’s Katsuya Okada, a former deputy prime minister, criticized the government, saying, “The criteria for judgment are ambiguous, and this leaves much room for [the government’s] discretion.”
民主党の岡田克也前副総理は「基準があいまいで（政府の）裁量の余地が大きい」と批判した。
Limiting the exercise of the right of collective self-defense is unavoidable to maintain the legal consistency of constitutional interpretation. However, if too much emphasis is placed on restraints for their own sake, it would lead to excessively restricting the scope of Self-Defense Forces activities and the effectiveness of their operations would be lost.
集団的自衛権の行使を限定的にするのは、憲法解釈の法的整合性を保つためにやむを得ない。だが、限定のための「歯止め」ばかりを重視すれば、自衛隊の活動を過度に制約し、実効性が失われる。
Giving the government a certain level of discretionary power is a realistic option to make it possible to deal with various situations effectively.
様々な事態に効果的に対処できるよう、政府に一定の裁量権を認めることが現実的である。
While stressing that the SDF will not take part in international military operations such as those during the Persian Gulf and Iraq wars, Abe showed an interest in the SDF’s participation in minesweeping operations, saying that they are “passive and limited and different in nature [in terms of the use of force].”
首相は、イラク・湾岸戦争のような海外での武力行使には参加しないと強調する一方で、機雷除去には意欲を示した。掃海活動は「受動的、限定的で、（武力行使の）性格が違う」と語った。
The idea of differentiating between attacks on other countries and minesweeping operations is understandable. We hope to see the government provide more detailed and comprehensible explanations on the matter.
他国への攻撃と掃海を区別する考え方は理解できる。より丁寧で分かりやすい説明を求めたい。
The DPJ is opposed to the government resorting to changing the constitutional interpretation to approve the exercise of the right of collective self-defense, but has yet to reach a conclusion of its own on whether to approve a limited use of the right. This is because the party has avoided internal discussions of national security due to intraparty differences of opinion. The party should present a unified view of national security as soon as possible.
民主党は、憲法解釈の変更という手法には反対しているが、集団的自衛権の限定容認の可否については結論を出せていない。党内に賛否両論を抱え、安全保障論議を避けてきたツケである。早く党の統一見解を示すべきだ。
Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and Your Party have already decided to endorse the limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense. The government and ruling parties must make steady efforts to compile relevant bills that would enable the limited use of the right.
日本維新の会やみんなの党は既に、限定容認への支持を決めている。政府・与党は、関連法の整備を着実に進めてもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 15, 2014)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Shiga election results highlight complacency in ruling parties
滋賀県知事選 与党の緊張感欠如も響いた
A government and a Liberal Democratic Party that had grown overconfident were apparently handed a rebuke when a former Democratic Party of Japan lawmaker defeated a candidate supported by the two ruling parties in Sunday’s Shiga gubernatorial election.
政府・自民党の慢心を戒める結果だった、と言えるのではないか。
Taizo Mikazuki, an independent candidate and a former member of the House of Representatives with the DPJ, was elected to his first term in a poll contested by two other independents, including Takashi Koyari, who had the backing of the LDP and New Komeito.
滋賀県知事選は、無所属で前民主党衆院議員の三日月大造氏が、自民、公明両党が推薦する無所属の小鑓隆史氏らを破り、初当選した。
Mikazuki’s victory owes much to his election tactic of positioning himself clearly as the successor to Gov. Yukiko Kada, who served two terms, and criticizing the political stances of the government and the LDP.
三日月氏は、２期務めた嘉田由紀子知事の後継者との立場を明確にするとともに、政府・自民党の政治姿勢を攻撃する選挙戦術をとったことが奏功した。
Mikazuki was also supported by a timely tailwind, especially after criticism mounted against Environment Minister Nobuteru Ishihara for his comments last month that “money will be what matters most after all” in negotiations between the central and local governments over selecting locations for the construction of temporary storage facilities for contaminated soil in Fukushima Prefecture.
Much criticism has also been directed toward LDP members of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly and the lower house Committee on Internal Affairs and Communications who made sexist jeers.
特に、福島県での中間貯蔵施設建設を巡る石原環境相の「金目」発言や、東京都議会や衆院総務委員会での自民党議員のセクハラヤジに対する批判が高まったことが三日月氏への追い風となった。
Voters apparently felt that these words and deeds, which lacked respect for women, and residents seriously affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, demonstrated the arrogance and complacency of the ruling parties.
東日本大震災の被災者や女性への配慮を欠いた言動は、与党の傲おごりや緊張感の欠如の表れ、と受け止められたのだろう。
The LDP is the sole powerful party in the Diet, occupying an overwhelming majority of seats, and the Cabinet of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe still enjoys a high approval rating. Nonetheless, the government and the LDP should be more humble and take every necessary step to carry out policies.
国会は自民党が圧倒的多数を占める「１強」体制で、安倍内閣の支持率もなお高いが、政府・自民党は、より謙虚な姿勢で手順を尽くし、政策を遂行すべきだ。
Taking national politics local
A gubernatorial election is generally expected to hinge on the capabilities of the candidates, and their stances on important issues facing the prefecture. LDP Secretary General Shigeru Ishiba said, “[The election] was influenced by some factors other than those directly connected to the candidates and prefectural administration.” It is regrettable that the race unfolded the way he described.
知事選は本来、候補者の資質や県政の問題を問うものだ。自民党の石破幹事長が「候補者、県政に直接、影響があること以外で影響が出ている」と指摘したような展開になったのは残念である。
Mikazuki’s move to call for a phaseout of nuclear power, as Kada did, is questionable, because nuclear policies should be left to the government to decide from a broader perspective. Governors have no legal authority over decisions to resume operations at nuclear power plants.
疑問なのは、三日月氏が、嘉田知事と同様、段階的に原子力発電から脱却する「卒原発」を唱えたことだ。原発政策は、政府が大局的観点から判断すべきものだ。原発の再稼働などには、知事の法的権限は及ばない。
There are no nuclear power plants currently operating in Japan, which has led to higher fuel costs for thermal power plants and higher electricity charges.
現状は、原発が稼働せず、火力発電の燃料費がかさみ、電気料金は上昇し続けている。
The government must expedite efforts to restart nuclear reactors by persuading relevant municipal governments to give their consent.
政府は、関係自治体の理解を得て、原発の再稼働を急がねばならない。
Koyari, a former official of the Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry, pledged to revitalize the Shiga prefectural economy, while stressing the achievements of the Abe administration’s economic policies, known collectively as Abenomics.
経済産業省出身の小鑓氏は、安倍政権の経済政策「アベノミクス」の成果を強調し、「滋賀県の経済を再生する」と訴えた。
He failed to garner wide support, however, as the effects of Abenomics remain limited in communities away from the country’s major urban centers—a reminder of the government’s need to revitalize local communities in earnest.
ただ、アベノミクスの効果が地方では限定的なこともあり、支持は広がらなかった。政府は、地域活性化にも力を入れるべきだ。
The Shiga race came on the heels of the Cabinet’s approval of the government’s new constitutional interpretation allowing for limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
知事選は、集団的自衛権を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解を閣議決定した直後に行われた。
Given the recent deterioration in Japan’s security environment, strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance and international cooperation by making it possible for the nation to exercise this right is a significant development.
日本の安全保障環境の悪化を踏まえれば、集団的自衛権の行使を可能にし、日米同盟や国際連携を強化する意義は大きい。
The Mikazuki election camp criticized the new interpretation as part of its attacks on the Abe administration, dragging the campaign fight “outside the ring.”
だが、三日月陣営は、政権批判の一環で新見解に反対し、「場外戦」に持ち込んだと言える。
The government and ruling parties should not dwell on the outcome of this election, but instead try to win wider acceptance among the public for the right of collective self-defense by sparing no efforts to explain why it is necessary to permit its exercise.
政府・与党は、知事選の結果にとらわれず、行使容認の必要性を丁寧かつ積極的に説明し、国民の理解を広げる必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 14, 2014)
Shiga election results highlight complacency in ruling parties
滋賀県知事選 与党の緊張感欠如も響いた
A government and a Liberal Democratic Party that had grown overconfident were apparently handed a rebuke when a former Democratic Party of Japan lawmaker defeated a candidate supported by the two ruling parties in Sunday’s Shiga gubernatorial election.
政府・自民党の慢心を戒める結果だった、と言えるのではないか。
Taizo Mikazuki, an independent candidate and a former member of the House of Representatives with the DPJ, was elected to his first term in a poll contested by two other independents, including Takashi Koyari, who had the backing of the LDP and New Komeito.
滋賀県知事選は、無所属で前民主党衆院議員の三日月大造氏が、自民、公明両党が推薦する無所属の小鑓隆史氏らを破り、初当選した。
Mikazuki’s victory owes much to his election tactic of positioning himself clearly as the successor to Gov. Yukiko Kada, who served two terms, and criticizing the political stances of the government and the LDP.
三日月氏は、２期務めた嘉田由紀子知事の後継者との立場を明確にするとともに、政府・自民党の政治姿勢を攻撃する選挙戦術をとったことが奏功した。
Mikazuki was also supported by a timely tailwind, especially after criticism mounted against Environment Minister Nobuteru Ishihara for his comments last month that “money will be what matters most after all” in negotiations between the central and local governments over selecting locations for the construction of temporary storage facilities for contaminated soil in Fukushima Prefecture.
Much criticism has also been directed toward LDP members of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly and the lower house Committee on Internal Affairs and Communications who made sexist jeers.
特に、福島県での中間貯蔵施設建設を巡る石原環境相の「金目」発言や、東京都議会や衆院総務委員会での自民党議員のセクハラヤジに対する批判が高まったことが三日月氏への追い風となった。
Voters apparently felt that these words and deeds, which lacked respect for women, and residents seriously affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, demonstrated the arrogance and complacency of the ruling parties.
東日本大震災の被災者や女性への配慮を欠いた言動は、与党の傲おごりや緊張感の欠如の表れ、と受け止められたのだろう。
The LDP is the sole powerful party in the Diet, occupying an overwhelming majority of seats, and the Cabinet of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe still enjoys a high approval rating. Nonetheless, the government and the LDP should be more humble and take every necessary step to carry out policies.
国会は自民党が圧倒的多数を占める「１強」体制で、安倍内閣の支持率もなお高いが、政府・自民党は、より謙虚な姿勢で手順を尽くし、政策を遂行すべきだ。
Taking national politics local
A gubernatorial election is generally expected to hinge on the capabilities of the candidates, and their stances on important issues facing the prefecture. LDP Secretary General Shigeru Ishiba said, “[The election] was influenced by some factors other than those directly connected to the candidates and prefectural administration.” It is regrettable that the race unfolded the way he described.
知事選は本来、候補者の資質や県政の問題を問うものだ。自民党の石破幹事長が「候補者、県政に直接、影響があること以外で影響が出ている」と指摘したような展開になったのは残念である。
Mikazuki’s move to call for a phaseout of nuclear power, as Kada did, is questionable, because nuclear policies should be left to the government to decide from a broader perspective. Governors have no legal authority over decisions to resume operations at nuclear power plants.
疑問なのは、三日月氏が、嘉田知事と同様、段階的に原子力発電から脱却する「卒原発」を唱えたことだ。原発政策は、政府が大局的観点から判断すべきものだ。原発の再稼働などには、知事の法的権限は及ばない。
There are no nuclear power plants currently operating in Japan, which has led to higher fuel costs for thermal power plants and higher electricity charges.
現状は、原発が稼働せず、火力発電の燃料費がかさみ、電気料金は上昇し続けている。
The government must expedite efforts to restart nuclear reactors by persuading relevant municipal governments to give their consent.
政府は、関係自治体の理解を得て、原発の再稼働を急がねばならない。
Koyari, a former official of the Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry, pledged to revitalize the Shiga prefectural economy, while stressing the achievements of the Abe administration’s economic policies, known collectively as Abenomics.
経済産業省出身の小鑓氏は、安倍政権の経済政策「アベノミクス」の成果を強調し、「滋賀県の経済を再生する」と訴えた。
He failed to garner wide support, however, as the effects of Abenomics remain limited in communities away from the country’s major urban centers—a reminder of the government’s need to revitalize local communities in earnest.
ただ、アベノミクスの効果が地方では限定的なこともあり、支持は広がらなかった。政府は、地域活性化にも力を入れるべきだ。
The Shiga race came on the heels of the Cabinet’s approval of the government’s new constitutional interpretation allowing for limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
知事選は、集団的自衛権を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解を閣議決定した直後に行われた。
Given the recent deterioration in Japan’s security environment, strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance and international cooperation by making it possible for the nation to exercise this right is a significant development.
日本の安全保障環境の悪化を踏まえれば、集団的自衛権の行使を可能にし、日米同盟や国際連携を強化する意義は大きい。
The Mikazuki election camp criticized the new interpretation as part of its attacks on the Abe administration, dragging the campaign fight “outside the ring.”
だが、三日月陣営は、政権批判の一環で新見解に反対し、「場外戦」に持ち込んだと言える。
The government and ruling parties should not dwell on the outcome of this election, but instead try to win wider acceptance among the public for the right of collective self-defense by sparing no efforts to explain why it is necessary to permit its exercise.
政府・与党は、知事選の結果にとらわれず、行使容認の必要性を丁寧かつ積極的に説明し、国民の理解を広げる必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 14, 2014)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Japan-Australia partnership crucial to improve defense of Asia-Pacific
日豪首脳会談 「特別な関係」築く安保協力を
Japan and Australia are strategic partners that share the responsibility of fostering peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. We urge the two countries to deepen their mutual relationship on the occasion of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to Australia.
日本と豪州は、アジア太平洋の平和と安定への責任を共有する戦略的パートナーだ。安倍首相の訪豪を機に、協力関係を一層深化させたい。
In his talks with Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott on Tuesday, Abe explained Japan’s reinterpretation of the Constitution to allow limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
安倍首相はアボット豪首相に、集団的自衛権行使を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解を説明した。
Abe stressed that the aim of the reinterpretation was to “protect the lives and peaceful livelihood of the people and let Japan play a more proactive role in the international community.”
「国民の命と平和な暮らしを守り抜くとともに、国際社会でより積極的な役割を果たすことを可能とするものだ」と強調した。
Abbott welcomed Japan’s move and credited Japan as being a peace-loving country, saying that “Japan has been...an exemplary international citizen in the postwar era.”
アボット首相は日本の取り組みを歓迎した。共同記者会見では「日本は戦後、ずっと模範的な国際市民だった」と述べ、平和国家としての歩みを評価した。
The reinterpretation enables Japan to exercise its collective self-defense right and order the Self-Defense Forces to protect Australian vessels when an emergency occurs on the Korean Peninsula or elsewhere.
新見解により、朝鮮半島有事などの際、自衛隊が集団的自衛権を行使し、豪軍艦船などを防護できるようになる。
During a speech to the Australian Parliament, Abe said, “Australia and Japan have now freed ourselves from one old layer and are now moving towards a new ‘special relationship.’” We concur with Abe’s view.
安倍首相が豪議会での演説で「日豪は新たな『特別な関係』へ、歴史的脱皮を遂げた」と指摘したのも、うなずける。
Abe and Abbott signed an accord on the joint development of defense equipment. Australia is interested in Japan’s submarine technology, and the two countries are scheduled to conduct a joint study on the fluid mechanics of ships. We urge the two nations to steadily continue cooperation in this respect.
両首脳は、防衛装備品の共同開発に関する協定に署名した。豪州は、日本の潜水艦技術に関心を示しており、当面、船舶の流体力学分野を共同研究する。こうした装備協力を着実に進めるべきだ。
Trilateral cooperation
It also is essential to expand joint exercises between the SDF and the armed forces of Australia and the United States, an ally of both Japan and Australia.
自衛隊、豪軍と、両国の同盟国である米軍による３か国の共同訓練の拡充も欠かせない。
China has been trying to change the status quo in the East and South China seas by force. Australia has strong economic ties with China, but like Japan and the United States it places emphasis on the rule of law. It is important for the three nations to join hands and tenaciously press China to exercise restraint.
中国は東・南シナ海で、力による現状変更を試みている。豪州は、中国との経済関係は強いが、「法の支配」を重視する立場では、日米と足並みをそろえている。日米豪の協力により、中国に粘り強く自制を促すことが重要である。
Abe and Abbott also signed an economic partnership agreement. Japan will reduce tariffs on Australian beef, while Australia’s tariffs on Japan’s medium-sized cars will be removed. The two nations will work for early enforcement of the agreement.
日豪首脳は、経済連携協定（ＥＰＡ）にも調印した。日本は豪州産牛肉の関税を引き下げる。日本製中型車などの関税は撤廃される。早期の発効を目指す。
The two leaders also agreed to cooperate to bring about the early conclusion of the Trans-Pacific Partnership multilateral trade negotiations.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）交渉の早期妥結へ、日豪が協力することでも合意した。
Prior to his visit to Australia, Abe held talks in New Zealand with Prime Minister John Key. Abe and Key confirmed that they will work proactively for a conclusion of the TPP talks.
豪州に先立ち、首相はニュージーランドを訪問し、キー首相との会談の中でも、ＴＰＰ交渉の妥結に向けて精力的に取り組む方針を確認した。
Promotion of free trade is one of the main pillars of the Abe administration’s growth strategy. It is imperative that the administration work hard on opening up its market on farm produce and other products and play an active role in concluding the TPP talks as early as possible.
自由貿易の推進は、安倍政権の成長戦略の重要な柱だ。農産物の市場開放などに努め、早期妥結へ役割を果たさねばならない。
Abe will next head for Papua New Guinea. It will be the first time in 29 years for a Japanese prime minister to visit the island nation. In talks with Prime Minister Peter O’Neill, the two leaders are expected to reach an agreement to cooperate on natural gas development.
首相は今回、島嶼とうしょ国のパプアニューギニアも訪れる。日本の首相の訪問は２９年ぶりだ。オニール首相と会談し、天然ガス開発の協力などで一致する見通しだ。
In the western Pacific, China is increasing its influence over the Pacific Islands by supporting the building and renovation of harbors and ports. It therefore is important for Japan to build trust in the region through cooperation in such fields as disaster prevention and human resources development.
西太平洋では、中国が島嶼国の港湾整備などを支援し、影響力を強めている。日本は、防災や人材育成などの分野で協力し、各国と信頼関係を築くことが大切だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 9, 2014)
Japan-Australia partnership crucial to improve defense of Asia-Pacific
日豪首脳会談 「特別な関係」築く安保協力を
Japan and Australia are strategic partners that share the responsibility of fostering peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. We urge the two countries to deepen their mutual relationship on the occasion of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to Australia.
日本と豪州は、アジア太平洋の平和と安定への責任を共有する戦略的パートナーだ。安倍首相の訪豪を機に、協力関係を一層深化させたい。
In his talks with Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott on Tuesday, Abe explained Japan’s reinterpretation of the Constitution to allow limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
安倍首相はアボット豪首相に、集団的自衛権行使を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解を説明した。
Abe stressed that the aim of the reinterpretation was to “protect the lives and peaceful livelihood of the people and let Japan play a more proactive role in the international community.”
「国民の命と平和な暮らしを守り抜くとともに、国際社会でより積極的な役割を果たすことを可能とするものだ」と強調した。
Abbott welcomed Japan’s move and credited Japan as being a peace-loving country, saying that “Japan has been...an exemplary international citizen in the postwar era.”
アボット首相は日本の取り組みを歓迎した。共同記者会見では「日本は戦後、ずっと模範的な国際市民だった」と述べ、平和国家としての歩みを評価した。
The reinterpretation enables Japan to exercise its collective self-defense right and order the Self-Defense Forces to protect Australian vessels when an emergency occurs on the Korean Peninsula or elsewhere.
新見解により、朝鮮半島有事などの際、自衛隊が集団的自衛権を行使し、豪軍艦船などを防護できるようになる。
During a speech to the Australian Parliament, Abe said, “Australia and Japan have now freed ourselves from one old layer and are now moving towards a new ‘special relationship.’” We concur with Abe’s view.
安倍首相が豪議会での演説で「日豪は新たな『特別な関係』へ、歴史的脱皮を遂げた」と指摘したのも、うなずける。
Abe and Abbott signed an accord on the joint development of defense equipment. Australia is interested in Japan’s submarine technology, and the two countries are scheduled to conduct a joint study on the fluid mechanics of ships. We urge the two nations to steadily continue cooperation in this respect.
両首脳は、防衛装備品の共同開発に関する協定に署名した。豪州は、日本の潜水艦技術に関心を示しており、当面、船舶の流体力学分野を共同研究する。こうした装備協力を着実に進めるべきだ。
Trilateral cooperation
It also is essential to expand joint exercises between the SDF and the armed forces of Australia and the United States, an ally of both Japan and Australia.
自衛隊、豪軍と、両国の同盟国である米軍による３か国の共同訓練の拡充も欠かせない。
China has been trying to change the status quo in the East and South China seas by force. Australia has strong economic ties with China, but like Japan and the United States it places emphasis on the rule of law. It is important for the three nations to join hands and tenaciously press China to exercise restraint.
中国は東・南シナ海で、力による現状変更を試みている。豪州は、中国との経済関係は強いが、「法の支配」を重視する立場では、日米と足並みをそろえている。日米豪の協力により、中国に粘り強く自制を促すことが重要である。
Abe and Abbott also signed an economic partnership agreement. Japan will reduce tariffs on Australian beef, while Australia’s tariffs on Japan’s medium-sized cars will be removed. The two nations will work for early enforcement of the agreement.
日豪首脳は、経済連携協定（ＥＰＡ）にも調印した。日本は豪州産牛肉の関税を引き下げる。日本製中型車などの関税は撤廃される。早期の発効を目指す。
The two leaders also agreed to cooperate to bring about the early conclusion of the Trans-Pacific Partnership multilateral trade negotiations.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）交渉の早期妥結へ、日豪が協力することでも合意した。
Prior to his visit to Australia, Abe held talks in New Zealand with Prime Minister John Key. Abe and Key confirmed that they will work proactively for a conclusion of the TPP talks.
豪州に先立ち、首相はニュージーランドを訪問し、キー首相との会談の中でも、ＴＰＰ交渉の妥結に向けて精力的に取り組む方針を確認した。
Promotion of free trade is one of the main pillars of the Abe administration’s growth strategy. It is imperative that the administration work hard on opening up its market on farm produce and other products and play an active role in concluding the TPP talks as early as possible.
自由貿易の推進は、安倍政権の成長戦略の重要な柱だ。農産物の市場開放などに努め、早期妥結へ役割を果たさねばならない。
Abe will next head for Papua New Guinea. It will be the first time in 29 years for a Japanese prime minister to visit the island nation. In talks with Prime Minister Peter O’Neill, the two leaders are expected to reach an agreement to cooperate on natural gas development.
首相は今回、島嶼とうしょ国のパプアニューギニアも訪れる。日本の首相の訪問は２９年ぶりだ。オニール首相と会談し、天然ガス開発の協力などで一致する見通しだ。
In the western Pacific, China is increasing its influence over the Pacific Islands by supporting the building and renovation of harbors and ports. It therefore is important for Japan to build trust in the region through cooperation in such fields as disaster prevention and human resources development.
西太平洋では、中国が島嶼国の港湾整備などを支援し、影響力を強めている。日本は、防災や人材育成などの分野で協力し、各国と信頼関係を築くことが大切だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 9, 2014)
July 06, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Addiction recovery can take a lifetime
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:使用一瞬、依存一生 ／東京
A man recently drove his SUV onto a sidewalk in Tokyo's Ikebukuro area, leaving a woman dead and seven others injured. The man has admitted to purchasing and smoking a so-called "legal loophole herb," and it is believed that he was under its influence when he caused the crash. What he did is unforgivable.
東京・池袋で車が暴走し、８人が死傷する事件が起きた。運転していた男性は「脱法ハーブ」を購入して使用していたことを認めており、暴走はその影響と考えられている。許されない話だ。
Although the substance is called an herb, it is no simple plant concoction. These drugs, which are not technically illegal, are made of leaves processed with chemicals, resulting in a product with effects similar to those of stimulants and marijuana. Most of these chemicals were first developed for medical uses including as pain killers for people with cancer or other diseases.
「ハーブ」という名前はついているが決して植物性のものではなく、覚醒剤や大麻と似た作用のある化学物質を植物のかけらにまぶしたりした加工製品である。それら化学物質の多くはがんの鎮痛など当初は医療用に開発されたものが不法な経路で流出し、加工されて売られているのだ。
Some people try them out thinking they are made of natural ingredients and that they are simply relaxing, but the chemicals with which these leaves are laced are strong. Examples of these drugs' symptoms include hyperactivity, hallucinations, tremors, nausea and disorientation. Repeated use may cause chronic psychological illnesses, and those who become addicted to the substances oftentimes end up destroying their lives. The strength of these loophole drugs and the horror they can cause are incompatible with the deceptively innocuous term "herb."
あたかもリラックス効果のある安心な天然素材というイメージで手を出す人もいるようだが、含まれる成分は非常に強力だ。摂取してすぐの急性症状としては興奮、幻覚、けいれんや嘔吐（おうと）、意識障害などが起き、頻回の使用で慢性の精神病状態に陥ったり、心身の依存が形成されて手を切れなくなったりして人生が崩壊してしまうケースも少なくない。その強烈さと恐ろしさは一般の「ハーブ」のイメージとはほど遠い。
The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has designated over 1,300 chemicals as harmful drugs and bans the use and possession of such substances like marijuana and stimulants. However, the ministry is having a hard time keeping up with new chemicals that evade existing regulations and controlling the circulation of new substances.
厚生労働省はこれまで１３００種以上の化学物質を有害な「指定薬物」として覚醒剤や大麻と同様に所持や使用を禁止しているが、それをすり抜けるかのように新しい化学物質が出回り、取り締まりが困難となっている。
There used to be a road safety ad that went, "It only takes a moment to pay attention, but it takes a whole lifetime to recover from a car accident." When I see patients suffering from the aftereffects of addiction to these "herbs," I'm reminded of that ad and always think, "It only takes a moment to take a drug, but it takes whole lifetime to recover from addiction."
かつて交通事故撲滅を呼びかけるコピーで「注意一瞬、事故一生」というのがあった。脱法ハーブの後遺症で苦しむ人を見ると、私はいつも「使用一瞬、依存一生」だと思う。
They might have used the hallucinatory herb for only a short time in their lives, but addiction patients must use a lot of energy trying to beat their dependence on the drug. They must pay the price for abusing these loophole drugs, including but not limited to quitting their job due to the substance's aftereffects. In other words, by the time a user regrets taking the drug, it's already too late.
使ったのは人生の中のほんの一時期であったとしても、その人はその後、薬をやめるために多大なエネルギーを使ったり、ぶり返す精神病のような後遺症で仕事もできなくなったり、あまりにも大きな“ツケ”を払わなければならなくなる。「あのとき、誘いに応じて気軽に手を出したばっかりに」と悔やんでもどうにもならない。
You may come across pills and drinks that are labeled as "herbs," "aromatherapy goods" or "supplements." Some people take these substances without thinking very much about it, especially when they come from friends or significant others, possibly worrying that to refuse would endanger these relationships.
「ハーブ」「アロマ」「サプリ」といった名で「飲んでみない？」と差し出される錠剤や液体。とくに相手が恋人や友人の場合、断ったら人間関係にヒビが入るのでは、と「一度だけなら」と義理で応じてしまう人もいる。
That one sip or one pill may be the beginning of the end of the person's life. I want readers to refuse to take these substances. Make excuses if you have to. Say you have an allergy. If the person offering the pill takes offense, that person does not care about you in the first place. We have to do whatever it takes to prevent "loophole" drugs from spreading throughout our society.
しかし、その最初の一錠が不幸の扉を開けるかもしれないのだ。よくわからないものは「私、アレルギーがあるから」とでも言ってとにかく口に入れないでほしい。それで「なんだ、もう友だちじゃないよ」などと言う相手は、はじめからあなたのことなど大切にしていないのだ。脱法ハーブのまん延は何としても防がなければならない。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年07月01日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Addiction recovery can take a lifetime
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:使用一瞬、依存一生 ／東京
A man recently drove his SUV onto a sidewalk in Tokyo's Ikebukuro area, leaving a woman dead and seven others injured. The man has admitted to purchasing and smoking a so-called "legal loophole herb," and it is believed that he was under its influence when he caused the crash. What he did is unforgivable.
東京・池袋で車が暴走し、８人が死傷する事件が起きた。運転していた男性は「脱法ハーブ」を購入して使用していたことを認めており、暴走はその影響と考えられている。許されない話だ。
Although the substance is called an herb, it is no simple plant concoction. These drugs, which are not technically illegal, are made of leaves processed with chemicals, resulting in a product with effects similar to those of stimulants and marijuana. Most of these chemicals were first developed for medical uses including as pain killers for people with cancer or other diseases.
「ハーブ」という名前はついているが決して植物性のものではなく、覚醒剤や大麻と似た作用のある化学物質を植物のかけらにまぶしたりした加工製品である。それら化学物質の多くはがんの鎮痛など当初は医療用に開発されたものが不法な経路で流出し、加工されて売られているのだ。
Some people try them out thinking they are made of natural ingredients and that they are simply relaxing, but the chemicals with which these leaves are laced are strong. Examples of these drugs' symptoms include hyperactivity, hallucinations, tremors, nausea and disorientation. Repeated use may cause chronic psychological illnesses, and those who become addicted to the substances oftentimes end up destroying their lives. The strength of these loophole drugs and the horror they can cause are incompatible with the deceptively innocuous term "herb."
あたかもリラックス効果のある安心な天然素材というイメージで手を出す人もいるようだが、含まれる成分は非常に強力だ。摂取してすぐの急性症状としては興奮、幻覚、けいれんや嘔吐（おうと）、意識障害などが起き、頻回の使用で慢性の精神病状態に陥ったり、心身の依存が形成されて手を切れなくなったりして人生が崩壊してしまうケースも少なくない。その強烈さと恐ろしさは一般の「ハーブ」のイメージとはほど遠い。
The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has designated over 1,300 chemicals as harmful drugs and bans the use and possession of such substances like marijuana and stimulants. However, the ministry is having a hard time keeping up with new chemicals that evade existing regulations and controlling the circulation of new substances.
厚生労働省はこれまで１３００種以上の化学物質を有害な「指定薬物」として覚醒剤や大麻と同様に所持や使用を禁止しているが、それをすり抜けるかのように新しい化学物質が出回り、取り締まりが困難となっている。
There used to be a road safety ad that went, "It only takes a moment to pay attention, but it takes a whole lifetime to recover from a car accident." When I see patients suffering from the aftereffects of addiction to these "herbs," I'm reminded of that ad and always think, "It only takes a moment to take a drug, but it takes whole lifetime to recover from addiction."
かつて交通事故撲滅を呼びかけるコピーで「注意一瞬、事故一生」というのがあった。脱法ハーブの後遺症で苦しむ人を見ると、私はいつも「使用一瞬、依存一生」だと思う。
They might have used the hallucinatory herb for only a short time in their lives, but addiction patients must use a lot of energy trying to beat their dependence on the drug. They must pay the price for abusing these loophole drugs, including but not limited to quitting their job due to the substance's aftereffects. In other words, by the time a user regrets taking the drug, it's already too late.
使ったのは人生の中のほんの一時期であったとしても、その人はその後、薬をやめるために多大なエネルギーを使ったり、ぶり返す精神病のような後遺症で仕事もできなくなったり、あまりにも大きな“ツケ”を払わなければならなくなる。「あのとき、誘いに応じて気軽に手を出したばっかりに」と悔やんでもどうにもならない。
You may come across pills and drinks that are labeled as "herbs," "aromatherapy goods" or "supplements." Some people take these substances without thinking very much about it, especially when they come from friends or significant others, possibly worrying that to refuse would endanger these relationships.
「ハーブ」「アロマ」「サプリ」といった名で「飲んでみない？」と差し出される錠剤や液体。とくに相手が恋人や友人の場合、断ったら人間関係にヒビが入るのでは、と「一度だけなら」と義理で応じてしまう人もいる。
That one sip or one pill may be the beginning of the end of the person's life. I want readers to refuse to take these substances. Make excuses if you have to. Say you have an allergy. If the person offering the pill takes offense, that person does not care about you in the first place. We have to do whatever it takes to prevent "loophole" drugs from spreading throughout our society.
しかし、その最初の一錠が不幸の扉を開けるかもしれないのだ。よくわからないものは「私、アレルギーがあるから」とでも言ってとにかく口に入れないでほしい。それで「なんだ、もう友だちじゃないよ」などと言う相手は、はじめからあなたのことなど大切にしていないのだ。脱法ハーブのまん延は何としても防がなければならない。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年07月01日 地方版
The Yomiuri Shimbun
China-ROK anti-Japanese campaign threatens to bring regional instability
中韓首脳会談 地域の安定損なう「反日共闘」
China’s intention to drive a wedge into cooperative ties among Japan, the United States and South Korea by wooing Seoul to its side has become more clear than ever.
韓国を取り込み、日米韓の連携にくさびを打ち込む。そんな中国の狙いが浮き彫りになった。
Chinese President Xi Jinping has visited Seoul for talks with South Korean President Park Geun-hye, and the two leaders confirmed their nations’ “firm opposition” to the development of nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula in connection with their policies toward North Korea.
中国の習近平国家主席がソウルを訪問し、韓国の朴槿恵大統領と会談した。北朝鮮政策で、朝鮮半島での核開発に断固反対する方針で一致した。
It was the first time that a top Chinese leader has visited South Korea ahead of North Korea, a traditional friend of the communist state. Xi played up the impression that China was placing importance on South Korea and that the two nations were forging a cooperative relationship.
中国の最高指導者が、伝統的友好国の北朝鮮より先に韓国を訪れるのは初めてだ。「韓国重視」と「中韓協調」を演出した。
In an article he contributed to South Korean newspapers just before his visit, Xi said it was essential for the two nations to take joint steps for the security of Asia. The proposal is based on his “Asian security concept,” in which “Asian security must be protected by Asian people.” It is a clear indication that China is trying to exclude the United States from the security framework of Asia.
習氏は訪韓直前に韓国紙に寄稿し、アジアの安全保障で中韓の共同対処の重要性を強調している。「アジアの安全はアジアの人々が守る」という自らの「アジア安全観」に基づく提案で、米国を排除しようとする意図が明らかだ。
Japan, the United States and Southeast Asian nations are sharply criticizing China for its unilateral attempts to change the status quo in Asia, which have increasingly isolated the nation. Given the situation, Bejing apparently wants to gain Seoul’s cooperation in creating a China-led Asian order through strengthened relations with South Korea, whose economy increasingly depends on that of China.
アジアでは、一方的な現状変更を試みる中国に対し、日米や東南アジア諸国が批判を強めている。孤立傾向にある中国は、経済面で対中依存を深める韓国との関係を強化し、中国主導の秩序作りへの協力を得たいのだろう。
Limited results
But a joint statement merely said the two nations will regularly hold high-level strategic dialogue on security and diplomatic issues. As South Korea naturally sought to avoid causing cracks in its relations with its ally, the United States, Xi’s diplomatic strategy was not fruitful.
しかし、中韓共同声明は、「外交・安保上級戦略対話の定例化」と記述するにとどまった。韓国が同盟国・米国との亀裂を避けるのは当然であり、習氏の外交戦略が奏功したとは言えまい。
As for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank that Xi is proposing, the joint statement only said the two nations will continue talks on the matter. China will not easily realize its ambitions to lead efforts to build a financial order in Asia to counter the Asian Development Bank, which is led by Japan and the United States.
習氏が提唱する「アジアインフラ投資銀行」についても「継続協議」とされた。日米が主導するアジア開発銀行に対抗し、中国主導の金融秩序を築くという目論見もくろみも簡単には実現しないだろう。
Above all, Japan should be alarmed by the fact that China and South Korea agreed to conduct joint research on materials related to so-called comfort women as spelled out in a supplementary note to their joint statement.
日本が警戒すべきは、共同声明の付属文書に、いわゆる従軍慰安婦問題に関する資料の共同研究の実施が盛り込まれたことだ。
China has already submitted an application to register materials related to comfort women with UNESCO’s Memory of the World. South Korea is also preparing to make a similar application.
中国は既に、慰安婦の関連資料について、国連教育・科学・文化機関（ユネスコ）の世界記憶遺産に登録申請している。韓国も、同様の申請を準備中だ。
Of serious concern is the fact that China and South Korea are expanding their joint anti-Japanese campaigns by using historical issues—which they have interpreted for their own convenience—in their efforts to sway international opinion to their sides.
両国が、自ら都合良く解釈した歴史カードに基づく「反日共闘」を拡大し、国際社会での世論戦を展開することは、日本にとって憂慮すべき事態である。
During his speech at Seoul University, Xi called on the South Korean people to join anti-Japanese campaigns by saying, “Japanese militarists carried out barbarous wars of aggression against China and Korea.”
習氏はソウル大学での講演で、「日本の軍国主義者は、中韓に対する野蛮な侵略戦争を仕掛けた」などと主張し、韓国国民にも共闘を呼びかけた。
Park was cautious about China’s maneuver to scuttle ties among Japan, the United States and South Korea in the areas of security and finance, but actively responded to China’s calls to bash Japan over historical issues.
朴氏は、中国による日米韓の分断工作に対し、安全保障、金融両面では慎重姿勢を見せたが、歴史分野では積極的に呼応した。
Park apparently intends to use her anti-Japanese stance to buoy her approval rating, which has dropped due mainly to her administration’s poor handling of the sinking of a ferry in April. Park’s irresponsible move in becoming closer to China has been met with unveiled expressions of concern from the United States.
旅客船沈没事故などで低下した支持率の回復を図る思惑もあるのだろうが、そうした安易な対中接近には米国も懸念を隠さない。
This is a good time for Park to rethink how important coopera-tive ties are among Japan, the United States and South Korea.
朴氏は、日米韓の連携の重要性を改めて考える時ではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 5, 2014)
China-ROK anti-Japanese campaign threatens to bring regional instability
中韓首脳会談 地域の安定損なう「反日共闘」
China’s intention to drive a wedge into cooperative ties among Japan, the United States and South Korea by wooing Seoul to its side has become more clear than ever.
韓国を取り込み、日米韓の連携にくさびを打ち込む。そんな中国の狙いが浮き彫りになった。
Chinese President Xi Jinping has visited Seoul for talks with South Korean President Park Geun-hye, and the two leaders confirmed their nations’ “firm opposition” to the development of nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula in connection with their policies toward North Korea.
中国の習近平国家主席がソウルを訪問し、韓国の朴槿恵大統領と会談した。北朝鮮政策で、朝鮮半島での核開発に断固反対する方針で一致した。
It was the first time that a top Chinese leader has visited South Korea ahead of North Korea, a traditional friend of the communist state. Xi played up the impression that China was placing importance on South Korea and that the two nations were forging a cooperative relationship.
中国の最高指導者が、伝統的友好国の北朝鮮より先に韓国を訪れるのは初めてだ。「韓国重視」と「中韓協調」を演出した。
In an article he contributed to South Korean newspapers just before his visit, Xi said it was essential for the two nations to take joint steps for the security of Asia. The proposal is based on his “Asian security concept,” in which “Asian security must be protected by Asian people.” It is a clear indication that China is trying to exclude the United States from the security framework of Asia.
習氏は訪韓直前に韓国紙に寄稿し、アジアの安全保障で中韓の共同対処の重要性を強調している。「アジアの安全はアジアの人々が守る」という自らの「アジア安全観」に基づく提案で、米国を排除しようとする意図が明らかだ。
Japan, the United States and Southeast Asian nations are sharply criticizing China for its unilateral attempts to change the status quo in Asia, which have increasingly isolated the nation. Given the situation, Bejing apparently wants to gain Seoul’s cooperation in creating a China-led Asian order through strengthened relations with South Korea, whose economy increasingly depends on that of China.
アジアでは、一方的な現状変更を試みる中国に対し、日米や東南アジア諸国が批判を強めている。孤立傾向にある中国は、経済面で対中依存を深める韓国との関係を強化し、中国主導の秩序作りへの協力を得たいのだろう。
Limited results
But a joint statement merely said the two nations will regularly hold high-level strategic dialogue on security and diplomatic issues. As South Korea naturally sought to avoid causing cracks in its relations with its ally, the United States, Xi’s diplomatic strategy was not fruitful.
しかし、中韓共同声明は、「外交・安保上級戦略対話の定例化」と記述するにとどまった。韓国が同盟国・米国との亀裂を避けるのは当然であり、習氏の外交戦略が奏功したとは言えまい。
As for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank that Xi is proposing, the joint statement only said the two nations will continue talks on the matter. China will not easily realize its ambitions to lead efforts to build a financial order in Asia to counter the Asian Development Bank, which is led by Japan and the United States.
習氏が提唱する「アジアインフラ投資銀行」についても「継続協議」とされた。日米が主導するアジア開発銀行に対抗し、中国主導の金融秩序を築くという目論見もくろみも簡単には実現しないだろう。
Above all, Japan should be alarmed by the fact that China and South Korea agreed to conduct joint research on materials related to so-called comfort women as spelled out in a supplementary note to their joint statement.
日本が警戒すべきは、共同声明の付属文書に、いわゆる従軍慰安婦問題に関する資料の共同研究の実施が盛り込まれたことだ。
China has already submitted an application to register materials related to comfort women with UNESCO’s Memory of the World. South Korea is also preparing to make a similar application.
中国は既に、慰安婦の関連資料について、国連教育・科学・文化機関（ユネスコ）の世界記憶遺産に登録申請している。韓国も、同様の申請を準備中だ。
Of serious concern is the fact that China and South Korea are expanding their joint anti-Japanese campaigns by using historical issues—which they have interpreted for their own convenience—in their efforts to sway international opinion to their sides.
両国が、自ら都合良く解釈した歴史カードに基づく「反日共闘」を拡大し、国際社会での世論戦を展開することは、日本にとって憂慮すべき事態である。
During his speech at Seoul University, Xi called on the South Korean people to join anti-Japanese campaigns by saying, “Japanese militarists carried out barbarous wars of aggression against China and Korea.”
習氏はソウル大学での講演で、「日本の軍国主義者は、中韓に対する野蛮な侵略戦争を仕掛けた」などと主張し、韓国国民にも共闘を呼びかけた。
Park was cautious about China’s maneuver to scuttle ties among Japan, the United States and South Korea in the areas of security and finance, but actively responded to China’s calls to bash Japan over historical issues.
朴氏は、中国による日米韓の分断工作に対し、安全保障、金融両面では慎重姿勢を見せたが、歴史分野では積極的に呼応した。
Park apparently intends to use her anti-Japanese stance to buoy her approval rating, which has dropped due mainly to her administration’s poor handling of the sinking of a ferry in April. Park’s irresponsible move in becoming closer to China has been met with unveiled expressions of concern from the United States.
旅客船沈没事故などで低下した支持率の回復を図る思惑もあるのだろうが、そうした安易な対中接近には米国も懸念を隠さない。
This is a good time for Park to rethink how important coopera-tive ties are among Japan, the United States and South Korea.
朴氏は、日米韓の連携の重要性を改めて考える時ではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 5, 2014)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Constitutional reinterpretation enhances Japan’s deterrent power
集団的自衛権 抑止力向上へ意義深い「容認」
The government has made a historic decision that will reinforce our coordination with the United States and other members of the international community. It is also likely that the decision will contribute to solidifying Japan’s peace and security.
日米防衛指針に適切に反映せよ
米国など国際社会との連携を強化し、日本の平和と安全をより確かなものにするうえで、歴史的な意義があろう。
On Tuesday, the Cabinet approved the government’s reinterpretation of the Constitution to allow limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
政府が、集団的自衛権の行使を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解を閣議決定した。
At a press conference that day, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe expressed his resolve to “consolidate Japan’s path as a peace-seeking nation.” He also pledged to establish “a seamless legal framework on national security to protect the lives and daily livelihood of the people.”
安倍首相は記者会見で、「平和国家としての歩みを、さらに力強いものにする。国民の命と暮らしを守るため、切れ目のない安全保障法制を整備する」と語った。
There have been gaps between the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeito over the issue. While the LDP has supported permitting Japan to exercise its right of collective self-defense, Komeito held onto a cautious approach. We would like to praise both parties’ efforts to find middle ground and reach an agreement.
行使容認に前向きな自民党と、慎重な公明党の立場は当初、隔たっていたが、両党が歩み寄り、合意に達したことを歓迎したい。
Baseless accusations
◆「解釈改憲」は的外れだ◆
It is safe to say that Abe’s fiery devotion to the cause, as well as his persistent and unyielding position on the reinterpretation of the Constitution, has made it possible for the ruling parties to overcome difficulties and reach an agreement.
安倍首相が憲法解釈の変更に強い意欲を示し、最後まで揺るぎない姿勢を貫いたことが、困難な合意形成を実現させたと言える。
Komeito had to take time in building a consensus, including holding talks with its regional organizations, but in the end it was able to reach a responsible decision. We believe Komeito’s experience as a member of the ruling coalition has greatly helped the party reach such untiy.
公明党は、地方組織を含む党内調整に時間を要したが、責任ある結論を出せたのは連立政権の一翼を担った経験の賜物たまものだろう。
Under the government’s reinterpretation of the Constitution, Japan will be permitted to use the minimum necessary force when an armed attack takes place against a foreign country with which Japan has close relations, and there is a clear danger that the basic rights of the people of Japan will be fundamentally undermined.
政府見解は、密接な関係にある国が攻撃され、日本国民の権利が根底から覆される明白な危険がある場合、必要最小限度の実力行使が許容されると記した。
The interpretation that Japan “possesses, but cannot exercise” the right of collective self-defense has long stood. Allowing Japan to exercise the right is a major sea change, as it means Japan has overcome a national security problem that has long loomed over the nation.
集団的自衛権は「保有するが、行使できない」とされてきた。その行使容認に転じたことは、長年の安全保障上の課題を克服したという意味で画期的である。
The reinterpretation does not touch on specific issues, but it will likely enable Japan to deal with all eight example scenarios cited by the government as cases in which the nation should be able to exercise its collective self-defense right. Those scenarios include protecting U.S. vessels under armed attack, minesweeping operations and missile defense.
今回の政府見解には明記されていないが、米艦防護、機雷除去、ミサイル防衛など、政府が集団的自衛権を適用すべきとした８事例すべてに対応できるとされる。
The reinterpretation has also left rooms for Japan to participate in minesweeping operations authorized by a U.N. resolution under a collective security framework. If the government goes too far in narrowing the scope of the nation’s permissible exercise of the collective self-defense right, it would restrain the activities of the Self-Defense Forces and hollow out the significance of changing the interpretation of the Constitution.
国連決議による集団安全保障に基づく掃海などを可能にする余地を残したことも評価できる。行使の範囲を狭めすぎれば、自衛隊の活動が制約され、憲法解釈変更の意義が損なわれてしまう。
The reinterpretation follows the core principle of the 1972 government view on the right of collective self-defense and is logically consistent with previous interpretations. It is clear that this reinterpretation was made within a reasonable range.
新解釈は、１９７２年の政府見解の根幹を踏襲し、過去の解釈との論理的整合性を維持しており、合理的な範囲内の変更である。
This is not a case of using constitutional reinterpretation where actual amendments to the Constitution are required, and it differs fundamentally from such cases. This case is more a matter of the government making necessary adjustments to previous interpretations that were overly self-restrictive due to conditions in the Diet.
本来は憲法改正すべき内容なのに、解釈変更で対応する「解釈改憲」とは本質的に異なる。むしろ、国会対策上などの理由で過度に抑制的だった従来の憲法解釈を、より適正化したと言えよう。
The reinterpretation is made based on the Cabinet’s right to an official interpretation of the Constitution. The Diet will play a role in this issue through deliberation of bills related to the reinterpretation, and when the government asks the Diet for approval of plans to exercise the right of collective self-defense. The judiciary also has a voice in the issue through the power of judicial review.
今回の解釈変更は、内閣が持つ公権的解釈権に基づく。国会は今後、関連法案審議や、自衛権発動時の承認という形で関与する。司法も違憲立法審査権を有する。
Thus the issue will be handled consistently with the Constitution’s principle of separation of powers among the administrative, legislative and judicial branches. It is difficult to understand criticisms asserting that the reinterpretation is “counter to constitutionalism.”
いずれも憲法の三権分立に沿った対応であり、「立憲主義に反する」との批判は理解し難い。
It is similarly off base to argue that the latest Cabinet decision would pave the way for war, a line of argument propagated by left-leaning and liberal voices. Exercising our nation’s right of collective self-defense does not mean using force to protect any other nation in a situation unrelated to our own defense. The government’s new stance on the right has categorically ruled out our nation’s involvement in military situations such as the Iraq War.
「戦争への道を開く」といった左翼・リベラル勢力による情緒的な扇動も見当違いだ。自国の防衛と無関係に、他の国を守るわけではない。イラク戦争のような例は完全に排除されている。
Permanent dispatch law needed
◆自衛隊恒久法の検討を◆
The government’s revised view on the right has also expanded the range of cooperative international peace activities the SDF will be able to conduct.
政府見解では、自衛隊の国際平和協力活動も拡充した。
For instance, the revised interpretation has narrowed the scope of a constitutional ban on SDF actions inseparable from the use of force by another country. The Cabinet decision has limited the ban to “activities in combat zones.”
憲法の禁じる「武力行使との一体化」の対象を「戦闘現場における活動」などに限定した。
The decision has also made it possible for the SDF to conduct armed rescue operations during their involvement in U.N. peacekeeping missions and other overseas missions.
If civilians or foreign troops face an armed attack in areas distant from but accessible to SDF members engaged in such overseas tasks, these personnel will be able to go to their rescue. In such cases, they would be permitted to use weapons in their execution of such duties, under the latest Cabinet decision.
「駆けつけ警護」や任務遂行目的の武器使用も可能にしている。
We believe these changes will enable the SDF to better accomplish international missions such as supply, transport and medical support activities along with U.N. peacekeeping operations.
自衛隊による他国部隊への補給・輸送・医療支援や、国連平和維持活動（ＰＫＯ）で、より実効性ある活動が期待できよう。
The Cabinet decision also addresses some issues regarding SDF actions to be taken in what have been described as gray-zone situations, including a potential scenario in which foreign armed groups take control of remote Japanese islands. It expedites procedures for invoking SDF maritime patrol operations and other activities aimed at addressing such situations.
武装集団による離島占拠などグレーゾーン事態の対処では、自衛隊の海上警備行動などの手続きを迅速化することになった。
We suggest the government consider expanding the list of SDF duties to include territorial patrols, thereby enabling our country to carry out “seamless activities” in the event that the nation’s peaceful situation is subverted by a military contingency.
さらに、平時から有事へ「切れ目のない活動」を行うため、自衛隊に領域警備任務などを付与することも検討してはどうか。
The government and the ruling parties are set to begin implementing legislative measures to complement the Cabinet decision during this autumn’s extraordinary Diet session. Among those measures are amendments to the Self-Defense Forces Law and the Armed Attack Situations Response Law. It is important to create and refine laws to respond flexibly to a variety of situations.
政府・与党は秋の臨時国会から自衛隊法、武力攻撃事態法の改正など、関連法の整備を開始する。様々な事態に柔軟に対応できる仕組みにすることが大切だ。
It is also worthwhile to consider establishing a permanent law on SDF dispatch for overseas missions—not only for U.N. peacekeeping missions, as sanctioned under the current legislation.
ＰＫＯに限定せず、自衛隊の海外派遣全体に関する恒久法を制定することも検討に値しよう。
At the end of the year, Tokyo and Washington are scheduled to revise the Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation. The Japanese and U.S. governments must ensure the planned changes to the defense cooperation guidelines properly incorporate changes made to our nation’s defense policies as a result of the latest Cabinet decision. These changes include the newly granted approval for exercise of the right of collective self-defense and the reconsideration of the ban on SDF actions that are inseparable from the use of force by other nations.
日米両政府は年末に、日米防衛協力の指針（ガイドライン）を改定する予定だ。集団的自衛権の行使容認や「武力行使との一体化」の見直しを、指針にきちんと反映させなければならない。
Public support essential
◆国民の理解を広げたい◆
We hope Japan and the United States will work together to deepen their defense cooperation. Japan should increase SDF support for U.S. forces, and U.S. forces should be more significantly involved in the defense of remote islands and other parts of our country.
自衛隊の対米支援を拡大する一方、離島など日本防衛への米軍の関与を強め、双方向で防衛協力を深化させたい。
Drafting plans for military emergencies and repeating joint military exercises under the new defense cooperation guidelines will also function to shore up the Japan-U.S. alliance and increase the two nations’ combined deterrent potential.
新たな指針に基づく有事の計画策定や共同訓練を重ねることが、日米同盟を強化し、抑止力を高めていく。
Abe’s efforts to lift the self-imposed ban on our nation exercising its collective self-defense right has garnered support not only from the ruling parties, but from opposition lawmakers as well. The idea is endorsed by such opposition members as Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party), Your Party and some members of the leading opposition Democratic Party of Japan. However, the DPJ’s top cadre remains noncommittal about whether to approve the exercise of the right, and has criticized Abe’s initiative in reinterpreting the nation’s fundamental law.
集団的自衛権の行使容認は、与党のほか、日本維新の会、みんなの党や、さらに民主党の一部も賛成している。民主党執行部は、解釈変更を批判しながら、行使容認の是非は決め切れていない。
With the Cabinet’s decision completed, Abe should take every opportunity—ad-hoc parliamentary sessions that can be convened even during the the Diet’s recess, for example—to explain the significance of ending the ban on the collective self-defense right. It is crucial for the prime minister to make every effort to ensure that the public better understands the true meaning of revising the government’s official stance on the right.
安倍首相は今後、国会の閉会中審査などの機会を利用し、行使容認の意義を説明して、国民の理解を広げる努力を尽くすべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 2, 2014)
Constitutional reinterpretation enhances Japan’s deterrent power
集団的自衛権 抑止力向上へ意義深い「容認」
The government has made a historic decision that will reinforce our coordination with the United States and other members of the international community. It is also likely that the decision will contribute to solidifying Japan’s peace and security.
日米防衛指針に適切に反映せよ
米国など国際社会との連携を強化し、日本の平和と安全をより確かなものにするうえで、歴史的な意義があろう。
On Tuesday, the Cabinet approved the government’s reinterpretation of the Constitution to allow limited exercise of the right of collective self-defense.
政府が、集団的自衛権の行使を限定的に容認する新たな政府見解を閣議決定した。
At a press conference that day, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe expressed his resolve to “consolidate Japan’s path as a peace-seeking nation.” He also pledged to establish “a seamless legal framework on national security to protect the lives and daily livelihood of the people.”
安倍首相は記者会見で、「平和国家としての歩みを、さらに力強いものにする。国民の命と暮らしを守るため、切れ目のない安全保障法制を整備する」と語った。
There have been gaps between the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeito over the issue. While the LDP has supported permitting Japan to exercise its right of collective self-defense, Komeito held onto a cautious approach. We would like to praise both parties’ efforts to find middle ground and reach an agreement.
行使容認に前向きな自民党と、慎重な公明党の立場は当初、隔たっていたが、両党が歩み寄り、合意に達したことを歓迎したい。
Baseless accusations
◆「解釈改憲」は的外れだ◆
It is safe to say that Abe’s fiery devotion to the cause, as well as his persistent and unyielding position on the reinterpretation of the Constitution, has made it possible for the ruling parties to overcome difficulties and reach an agreement.
安倍首相が憲法解釈の変更に強い意欲を示し、最後まで揺るぎない姿勢を貫いたことが、困難な合意形成を実現させたと言える。
Komeito had to take time in building a consensus, including holding talks with its regional organizations, but in the end it was able to reach a responsible decision. We believe Komeito’s experience as a member of the ruling coalition has greatly helped the party reach such untiy.
公明党は、地方組織を含む党内調整に時間を要したが、責任ある結論を出せたのは連立政権の一翼を担った経験の賜物たまものだろう。
Under the government’s reinterpretation of the Constitution, Japan will be permitted to use the minimum necessary force when an armed attack takes place against a foreign country with which Japan has close relations, and there is a clear danger that the basic rights of the people of Japan will be fundamentally undermined.
政府見解は、密接な関係にある国が攻撃され、日本国民の権利が根底から覆される明白な危険がある場合、必要最小限度の実力行使が許容されると記した。
The interpretation that Japan “possesses, but cannot exercise” the right of collective self-defense has long stood. Allowing Japan to exercise the right is a major sea change, as it means Japan has overcome a national security problem that has long loomed over the nation.
集団的自衛権は「保有するが、行使できない」とされてきた。その行使容認に転じたことは、長年の安全保障上の課題を克服したという意味で画期的である。
The reinterpretation does not touch on specific issues, but it will likely enable Japan to deal with all eight example scenarios cited by the government as cases in which the nation should be able to exercise its collective self-defense right. Those scenarios include protecting U.S. vessels under armed attack, minesweeping operations and missile defense.
今回の政府見解には明記されていないが、米艦防護、機雷除去、ミサイル防衛など、政府が集団的自衛権を適用すべきとした８事例すべてに対応できるとされる。
The reinterpretation has also left rooms for Japan to participate in minesweeping operations authorized by a U.N. resolution under a collective security framework. If the government goes too far in narrowing the scope of the nation’s permissible exercise of the collective self-defense right, it would restrain the activities of the Self-Defense Forces and hollow out the significance of changing the interpretation of the Constitution.
国連決議による集団安全保障に基づく掃海などを可能にする余地を残したことも評価できる。行使の範囲を狭めすぎれば、自衛隊の活動が制約され、憲法解釈変更の意義が損なわれてしまう。
The reinterpretation follows the core principle of the 1972 government view on the right of collective self-defense and is logically consistent with previous interpretations. It is clear that this reinterpretation was made within a reasonable range.
新解釈は、１９７２年の政府見解の根幹を踏襲し、過去の解釈との論理的整合性を維持しており、合理的な範囲内の変更である。
This is not a case of using constitutional reinterpretation where actual amendments to the Constitution are required, and it differs fundamentally from such cases. This case is more a matter of the government making necessary adjustments to previous interpretations that were overly self-restrictive due to conditions in the Diet.
本来は憲法改正すべき内容なのに、解釈変更で対応する「解釈改憲」とは本質的に異なる。むしろ、国会対策上などの理由で過度に抑制的だった従来の憲法解釈を、より適正化したと言えよう。
The reinterpretation is made based on the Cabinet’s right to an official interpretation of the Constitution. The Diet will play a role in this issue through deliberation of bills related to the reinterpretation, and when the government asks the Diet for approval of plans to exercise the right of collective self-defense. The judiciary also has a voice in the issue through the power of judicial review.
今回の解釈変更は、内閣が持つ公権的解釈権に基づく。国会は今後、関連法案審議や、自衛権発動時の承認という形で関与する。司法も違憲立法審査権を有する。
Thus the issue will be handled consistently with the Constitution’s principle of separation of powers among the administrative, legislative and judicial branches. It is difficult to understand criticisms asserting that the reinterpretation is “counter to constitutionalism.”
いずれも憲法の三権分立に沿った対応であり、「立憲主義に反する」との批判は理解し難い。
It is similarly off base to argue that the latest Cabinet decision would pave the way for war, a line of argument propagated by left-leaning and liberal voices. Exercising our nation’s right of collective self-defense does not mean using force to protect any other nation in a situation unrelated to our own defense. The government’s new stance on the right has categorically ruled out our nation’s involvement in military situations such as the Iraq War.
「戦争への道を開く」といった左翼・リベラル勢力による情緒的な扇動も見当違いだ。自国の防衛と無関係に、他の国を守るわけではない。イラク戦争のような例は完全に排除されている。
Permanent dispatch law needed
◆自衛隊恒久法の検討を◆
The government’s revised view on the right has also expanded the range of cooperative international peace activities the SDF will be able to conduct.
政府見解では、自衛隊の国際平和協力活動も拡充した。
For instance, the revised interpretation has narrowed the scope of a constitutional ban on SDF actions inseparable from the use of force by another country. The Cabinet decision has limited the ban to “activities in combat zones.”
憲法の禁じる「武力行使との一体化」の対象を「戦闘現場における活動」などに限定した。
The decision has also made it possible for the SDF to conduct armed rescue operations during their involvement in U.N. peacekeeping missions and other overseas missions.
If civilians or foreign troops face an armed attack in areas distant from but accessible to SDF members engaged in such overseas tasks, these personnel will be able to go to their rescue. In such cases, they would be permitted to use weapons in their execution of such duties, under the latest Cabinet decision.
「駆けつけ警護」や任務遂行目的の武器使用も可能にしている。
We believe these changes will enable the SDF to better accomplish international missions such as supply, transport and medical support activities along with U.N. peacekeeping operations.
自衛隊による他国部隊への補給・輸送・医療支援や、国連平和維持活動（ＰＫＯ）で、より実効性ある活動が期待できよう。
The Cabinet decision also addresses some issues regarding SDF actions to be taken in what have been described as gray-zone situations, including a potential scenario in which foreign armed groups take control of remote Japanese islands. It expedites procedures for invoking SDF maritime patrol operations and other activities aimed at addressing such situations.
武装集団による離島占拠などグレーゾーン事態の対処では、自衛隊の海上警備行動などの手続きを迅速化することになった。
We suggest the government consider expanding the list of SDF duties to include territorial patrols, thereby enabling our country to carry out “seamless activities” in the event that the nation’s peaceful situation is subverted by a military contingency.
さらに、平時から有事へ「切れ目のない活動」を行うため、自衛隊に領域警備任務などを付与することも検討してはどうか。
The government and the ruling parties are set to begin implementing legislative measures to complement the Cabinet decision during this autumn’s extraordinary Diet session. Among those measures are amendments to the Self-Defense Forces Law and the Armed Attack Situations Response Law. It is important to create and refine laws to respond flexibly to a variety of situations.
政府・与党は秋の臨時国会から自衛隊法、武力攻撃事態法の改正など、関連法の整備を開始する。様々な事態に柔軟に対応できる仕組みにすることが大切だ。
It is also worthwhile to consider establishing a permanent law on SDF dispatch for overseas missions—not only for U.N. peacekeeping missions, as sanctioned under the current legislation.
ＰＫＯに限定せず、自衛隊の海外派遣全体に関する恒久法を制定することも検討に値しよう。
At the end of the year, Tokyo and Washington are scheduled to revise the Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation. The Japanese and U.S. governments must ensure the planned changes to the defense cooperation guidelines properly incorporate changes made to our nation’s defense policies as a result of the latest Cabinet decision. These changes include the newly granted approval for exercise of the right of collective self-defense and the reconsideration of the ban on SDF actions that are inseparable from the use of force by other nations.
日米両政府は年末に、日米防衛協力の指針（ガイドライン）を改定する予定だ。集団的自衛権の行使容認や「武力行使との一体化」の見直しを、指針にきちんと反映させなければならない。
Public support essential
◆国民の理解を広げたい◆
We hope Japan and the United States will work together to deepen their defense cooperation. Japan should increase SDF support for U.S. forces, and U.S. forces should be more significantly involved in the defense of remote islands and other parts of our country.
自衛隊の対米支援を拡大する一方、離島など日本防衛への米軍の関与を強め、双方向で防衛協力を深化させたい。
Drafting plans for military emergencies and repeating joint military exercises under the new defense cooperation guidelines will also function to shore up the Japan-U.S. alliance and increase the two nations’ combined deterrent potential.
新たな指針に基づく有事の計画策定や共同訓練を重ねることが、日米同盟を強化し、抑止力を高めていく。
Abe’s efforts to lift the self-imposed ban on our nation exercising its collective self-defense right has garnered support not only from the ruling parties, but from opposition lawmakers as well. The idea is endorsed by such opposition members as Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party), Your Party and some members of the leading opposition Democratic Party of Japan. However, the DPJ’s top cadre remains noncommittal about whether to approve the exercise of the right, and has criticized Abe’s initiative in reinterpreting the nation’s fundamental law.
集団的自衛権の行使容認は、与党のほか、日本維新の会、みんなの党や、さらに民主党の一部も賛成している。民主党執行部は、解釈変更を批判しながら、行使容認の是非は決め切れていない。
With the Cabinet’s decision completed, Abe should take every opportunity—ad-hoc parliamentary sessions that can be convened even during the the Diet’s recess, for example—to explain the significance of ending the ban on the collective self-defense right. It is crucial for the prime minister to make every effort to ensure that the public better understands the true meaning of revising the government’s official stance on the right.
安倍首相は今後、国会の閉会中審査などの機会を利用し、行使容認の意義を説明して、国民の理解を広げる努力を尽くすべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 2, 2014)
プロフィール
ＨＮ：
srachai
ＨＰ：
性別：
男性
職業：
civil engineer
趣味：
子育て
自己紹介：
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
Yomiuri
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Japan Times
Washington Post
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The Nations
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[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
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英字新聞（朝日２）
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16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
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