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[PR]上記の広告は3ヶ月以上新規記事投稿のないブログに表示されています。新しい記事を書く事で広告が消えます。
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 10
EDITORIAL: Amari long overdue to explain himself in cash scandal
（社説）甘利氏の疑惑 説明責任はどうなった
The special investigation department of the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office has opened a compulsory investigation into the scandal over cash received by Akira Amari, former minister in charge of economic revitalization, and by one of his former aides.
甘利明・前経済再生相の現金授受問題で、東京地検特捜部が強制捜査に乗り出した。
A politician or an aide receiving profits in exchange for favors would violate the Law on Punishment of Public Officials’ Profiting by Exerting Influence.
政治家や秘書が口利きの見返りに対価を受け取れば、あっせん利得処罰法違反になる。
The nature of the 6 million yen ($55,600), which Amari and his former aide received from a construction company based in Chiba Prefecture, remains unclear.
甘利氏や元秘書が千葉県の建設会社側から受け取った６００万円は、どんな趣旨なのか。
Amari said he believes the money represented political donations with no reciprocal nature. But a man in charge of general affairs at the construction company has said the money was intended as remuneration for the intervention of the former aide and others in the company’s compensation talks with the semipublic Urban Renaissance Agency (UR). The company later received compensation payments from the UR.
甘利氏は見返りとは無関係の政治献金という認識を示しているが、建設会社の総務担当者は元秘書らによる都市再生機構（ＵＲ）との補償交渉への介入と、補償金の支払いが実現したことへの謝礼の意味だったと証言している。
While the arguments on both sides remain far apart, it would be inexcusable for a politician or aide to receive money and exert influence on government offices or other entities at the request of the donor.
双方の主張は大きく食い違うが、政治家側がカネを受け取り、依頼者の求めに応じて役所などに働きかける――そんな口利きがもしあったとしたら、言語道断である。
The Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office should do its best to uncover the entire picture of what took place.
東京地検は実態の全容解明に全力をあげてもらいたい。
It should not be forgotten that Amari himself has yet to fulfill his accountability. A lawmaker, who represents the people, has the responsibility to explain himself to the public whenever he comes under suspicion without waiting for investigators to uncover the case.
同時に、忘れるわけにいかないのは、甘利氏自身が説明責任を果たしていないことだ。疑惑があれば、捜査当局の解明を待つまでもなく、自ら国民に説明する。それが国民の代表である国会議員の責任だ。
When he announced his resignation from the Cabinet at a news conference in late January, Amari did promise to “continue to have the case investigated by a lawyer and publish the results at appropriate timing.”
甘利氏自身、大臣辞任を表明した１月末の記者会見で「弁護士による調査を続け、しかるべきタイミングで公表する」と約束したはずである。
Some other politicians who came under suspicion over fund-raising irregularities in the past defended themselves by saying, for example, that they had no way to determine the facts because documents had been seized by authorities.
過去に政治とカネの疑惑に問われた他の政治家には「捜査当局に資料が押収され、事実関係が確認できない」などと弁明する例もあった。
But Amari had two-and-a-half months to look into the case after his resignation. He should be able to publish findings, even an interim report, from the investigation.
だが甘利氏の場合は、大臣辞任後２カ月半、調査期間があった。途中経過であっても公表できるはずだ。
Much remains unknown about the entire scandal, including whether Amari himself was involved in the case.
一連の経緯については、まだ不明な点が多い。
その一つは、甘利氏自身のかかわりである。
Amari said during the news conference in January that he had learned only recently that his former aide had been talking to the UR. But UR officials later said they had been told by the former aide that Amari was aware of the talks.
甘利氏は元秘書がＵＲと交渉していることは「今回初めて知った」と１月の会見で説明したが、ＵＲはその後、甘利氏も交渉について把握していると元秘書から伝えられたとしている。
Opposition parties want Amari summoned to the Lower House Budget Committee as an unsworn witness to dig out the truth. But the ruling Liberal Democratic Party has refused.
真相究明のため、野党は衆院予算委員会への甘利氏の参考人招致を求めてきたが、自民党は応じようとしない。
Amari has been absent from Diet sessions, citing health problems. He may be unable to come forward on his own to explain himself, but he could still have lawyers, for example, speak on his behalf.
甘利氏は体調がすぐれないことを理由に、国会を欠席している。だが、自ら説明できなくても、例えば弁護士らを通じての説明は可能なのではないか。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe also bears heavy responsibility.
安倍首相の責任も大きい。
Abe, who appointed Amari to key Cabinet positions, has admitted to his own responsibility for having appointed him.
甘利氏を重要閣僚に起用してきた首相は、自らの「任命責任」を認めている。
If that is the case, the prime minister should urge Amari to explain himself. In addition, Abe, who is also the LDP president, should instruct the party to have Amari fulfill his accountability in some form or other.
ならば甘利氏に説明するよう促すべきだし、党総裁として自民党にも何らかの形で説明責任を果たさせるよう指示すべきだ。
EDITORIAL: Amari long overdue to explain himself in cash scandal
（社説）甘利氏の疑惑 説明責任はどうなった
The special investigation department of the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office has opened a compulsory investigation into the scandal over cash received by Akira Amari, former minister in charge of economic revitalization, and by one of his former aides.
甘利明・前経済再生相の現金授受問題で、東京地検特捜部が強制捜査に乗り出した。
A politician or an aide receiving profits in exchange for favors would violate the Law on Punishment of Public Officials’ Profiting by Exerting Influence.
政治家や秘書が口利きの見返りに対価を受け取れば、あっせん利得処罰法違反になる。
The nature of the 6 million yen ($55,600), which Amari and his former aide received from a construction company based in Chiba Prefecture, remains unclear.
甘利氏や元秘書が千葉県の建設会社側から受け取った６００万円は、どんな趣旨なのか。
Amari said he believes the money represented political donations with no reciprocal nature. But a man in charge of general affairs at the construction company has said the money was intended as remuneration for the intervention of the former aide and others in the company’s compensation talks with the semipublic Urban Renaissance Agency (UR). The company later received compensation payments from the UR.
甘利氏は見返りとは無関係の政治献金という認識を示しているが、建設会社の総務担当者は元秘書らによる都市再生機構（ＵＲ）との補償交渉への介入と、補償金の支払いが実現したことへの謝礼の意味だったと証言している。
While the arguments on both sides remain far apart, it would be inexcusable for a politician or aide to receive money and exert influence on government offices or other entities at the request of the donor.
双方の主張は大きく食い違うが、政治家側がカネを受け取り、依頼者の求めに応じて役所などに働きかける――そんな口利きがもしあったとしたら、言語道断である。
The Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office should do its best to uncover the entire picture of what took place.
東京地検は実態の全容解明に全力をあげてもらいたい。
It should not be forgotten that Amari himself has yet to fulfill his accountability. A lawmaker, who represents the people, has the responsibility to explain himself to the public whenever he comes under suspicion without waiting for investigators to uncover the case.
同時に、忘れるわけにいかないのは、甘利氏自身が説明責任を果たしていないことだ。疑惑があれば、捜査当局の解明を待つまでもなく、自ら国民に説明する。それが国民の代表である国会議員の責任だ。
When he announced his resignation from the Cabinet at a news conference in late January, Amari did promise to “continue to have the case investigated by a lawyer and publish the results at appropriate timing.”
甘利氏自身、大臣辞任を表明した１月末の記者会見で「弁護士による調査を続け、しかるべきタイミングで公表する」と約束したはずである。
Some other politicians who came under suspicion over fund-raising irregularities in the past defended themselves by saying, for example, that they had no way to determine the facts because documents had been seized by authorities.
過去に政治とカネの疑惑に問われた他の政治家には「捜査当局に資料が押収され、事実関係が確認できない」などと弁明する例もあった。
But Amari had two-and-a-half months to look into the case after his resignation. He should be able to publish findings, even an interim report, from the investigation.
だが甘利氏の場合は、大臣辞任後２カ月半、調査期間があった。途中経過であっても公表できるはずだ。
Much remains unknown about the entire scandal, including whether Amari himself was involved in the case.
一連の経緯については、まだ不明な点が多い。
その一つは、甘利氏自身のかかわりである。
Amari said during the news conference in January that he had learned only recently that his former aide had been talking to the UR. But UR officials later said they had been told by the former aide that Amari was aware of the talks.
甘利氏は元秘書がＵＲと交渉していることは「今回初めて知った」と１月の会見で説明したが、ＵＲはその後、甘利氏も交渉について把握していると元秘書から伝えられたとしている。
Opposition parties want Amari summoned to the Lower House Budget Committee as an unsworn witness to dig out the truth. But the ruling Liberal Democratic Party has refused.
真相究明のため、野党は衆院予算委員会への甘利氏の参考人招致を求めてきたが、自民党は応じようとしない。
Amari has been absent from Diet sessions, citing health problems. He may be unable to come forward on his own to explain himself, but he could still have lawyers, for example, speak on his behalf.
甘利氏は体調がすぐれないことを理由に、国会を欠席している。だが、自ら説明できなくても、例えば弁護士らを通じての説明は可能なのではないか。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe also bears heavy responsibility.
安倍首相の責任も大きい。
Abe, who appointed Amari to key Cabinet positions, has admitted to his own responsibility for having appointed him.
甘利氏を重要閣僚に起用してきた首相は、自らの「任命責任」を認めている。
If that is the case, the prime minister should urge Amari to explain himself. In addition, Abe, who is also the LDP president, should instruct the party to have Amari fulfill his accountability in some form or other.
ならば甘利氏に説明するよう促すべきだし、党総裁として自民党にも何らかの形で説明責任を果たさせるよう指示すべきだ。
PR
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 7
EDITORIAL: G-7 in Hiroshima a chance to move closer toward nuke-free future
（社説）広島外相会合 核なき未来への一歩に
The gathering in Hiroshima of top diplomats of the Group of Seven major industrialized nations, which include three nuclear powers, sends a powerful message as the world struggles to make progress toward a future without nuclear arms.
The foreign ministers of the United States, Britain and France, as well as Japan and the three other G-7 members, will meet in Hiroshima, the first city to be leveled by an atomic bomb, on April 10 and 11.
核軍縮の動きが停滞している今、核保有国の米英仏を含めた主要７カ国（Ｇ７）の外交トップが核被害の原点である広島を訪れる意義は大きい。核兵器廃絶に向けた機運を、いま一度高める契機にしていきたい。
On the sidelines of their meeting in Hiroshima, the G-7 foreign ministers will visit the Peace Memorial Park, dedicated to the city's 1945 atomic bombing, and lay flowers at the Cenotaph for the A-bomb Victims on April 11.
Their pilgrimages to the city should breathe new life into international efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons.
They are also expected to visit the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. Their tour of the museum that documents the consequences of the U.S. atomic bombing would be even more meaningful if they hold talks with A-bomb survivors and hear their harrowing tales.
広島での会合に合わせ、Ｇ７の外相が１１日、平和記念公園をそろって訪ね、原爆死没者の名簿が納められている慰霊碑に献花することが決まった。
平和記念資料館（原爆資料館）も見学する予定だ。できれば被爆者と対話し、被爆の実相をより深く心に刻んでほしい。
The G-7 officials traveling to Hiroshima include U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, the Obama administration's top Cabinet member.
参加者のうちケリー米国務長官は、オバマ政権の筆頭閣僚だ。
Kerry will be the highest-ranking active U.S. politician to visit Hiroshima after Nancy Pelosi, who went in 2008 as the speaker of the House of Representatives.
原爆を投下した米国の現職政治家としては、０８年に広島を訪れたペロシ下院議長（当時）に次ぐ過去最高クラスになる。
More than 200,000 people perished in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
原爆によって広島、長崎で２０万を超す人々の命が奪われた。
Many Americans, however, regard the attacks as justifiable, arguing that they accelerated Japan’s surrender in World War II and thereby saved many lives.
だが米国では「日本の降伏を早め、結果的に多くの人命を救った」として、原爆投下は正当だったと考える世論が根強い。
Despite serious differences between Japan and the United States in perceptions over history, President Barack Obama agreed to Japan’s request for Kerry to visit Hiroshima. We applaud Obama's weighty political decision.
日米の歴史認識に隔たりがあるなか、日本側が要望したケリー氏の被爆地訪問にオバマ政権が応じたのは重い政治判断だ。
We are inclined to regard the decision as a sign that Obama, whose term will expire in January, is still committed to working toward “a world without nuclear weapons,” the vision he announced to the world in his historic speech in Prague in 2009.
来年１月の任期切れを控え、オバマ大統領が０９年のプラハでの演説で掲げた「核兵器のない世界」実現に向け、なお意欲的であると受けとめたい。
The Obama administration sent its ambassador to Japan to most of the annual ceremonies to commemorate the atomic bombings that have been held in Hiroshima and Nagasaki since 2010.
Last year, the administration sent Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller to attend the ceremonies.
オバマ政権は１０年以降ほぼ毎年、広島、長崎の平和式典に駐日大使を参列させ、昨年は国務次官を派遣した。
In Japan, expectations are growing that Obama himself will travel to the A-bombed cities when he visits Japan in May to attend the G-7 summit, to be held in Shima, Mie Prefecture.
日本国内では、５月のＧ７首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）で訪日するオバマ氏自身が、被爆地に足を延ばすのではとの期待が高まる。
In the United States, the political climate is heating up as the races for the Democratic and Republican nominations for the autumn presidential election are entering the home stretch.
米国は秋の大統領選に向けた民主、共和両党の候補者選びが山場を迎えている。
Republican frontrunner Donald Trump has been delivering a range of harsh verbal attacks on Obama’s foreign policy.
共和党の指名争いで首位を走るトランプ氏は、オバマ氏の外交姿勢を批判のやり玉に挙げてきた。
Chances are that Kerry will avoid making any remarks that could be interpreted as an apology to Japan out of fears that such a comment could have a political impact on the election.
選挙への影響を考え、ケリー氏が日本への「謝罪」ととられるような言動を控える可能性は高い。
But we nevertheless welcome Kerry’s decision to stand in front of the cenotaph in Hiroshima. We urge Obama to give serious consideration to visiting the cities as well.
だが、慰霊碑の前に立とうとする決意は率直に評価したい。オバマ氏も訪問をぜひ前向きに検討してほしい。
Even after seven decades, there are still many people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki who lost loved ones in the bombings and are suffering form health problems caused by radiation exposure.
７０年を経た今も、広島、長崎には原爆で家族を奪われ、後遺症に苦しむ人が多い。
Because they have a strong desire not to see anyone suffer the same fate, people in the two cities are pinning great hopes on the visits by Kerry and other political leaders.
被爆地がそれでもケリー氏らの訪問に期待するのはなぜか。それは「苦しみをもう誰にも味わわせたくない」という強い思いだ。
We are eager to see people in countries with nuclear arsenals think seriously about ways to bring the world closer toward a future without nuclear weapons, something that Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been praying for so strongly and for so long.
核保有国の人々には考えてもらいたい。どうすれば被爆地が願う「核兵器のない世界」は近づくか。
The G-7 foreign ministers’ visits to Hiroshima should not be allowed to end up as mere ritual. They should be a first step in effective efforts to create new momentum in international politics for realizing that goal.
Ｇ７外相の広島訪問を、単なる儀礼に終わらせず、現実の国際政治を動かす一歩にしてほしい。
EDITORIAL: G-7 in Hiroshima a chance to move closer toward nuke-free future
（社説）広島外相会合 核なき未来への一歩に
The gathering in Hiroshima of top diplomats of the Group of Seven major industrialized nations, which include three nuclear powers, sends a powerful message as the world struggles to make progress toward a future without nuclear arms.
The foreign ministers of the United States, Britain and France, as well as Japan and the three other G-7 members, will meet in Hiroshima, the first city to be leveled by an atomic bomb, on April 10 and 11.
核軍縮の動きが停滞している今、核保有国の米英仏を含めた主要７カ国（Ｇ７）の外交トップが核被害の原点である広島を訪れる意義は大きい。核兵器廃絶に向けた機運を、いま一度高める契機にしていきたい。
On the sidelines of their meeting in Hiroshima, the G-7 foreign ministers will visit the Peace Memorial Park, dedicated to the city's 1945 atomic bombing, and lay flowers at the Cenotaph for the A-bomb Victims on April 11.
Their pilgrimages to the city should breathe new life into international efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons.
They are also expected to visit the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. Their tour of the museum that documents the consequences of the U.S. atomic bombing would be even more meaningful if they hold talks with A-bomb survivors and hear their harrowing tales.
広島での会合に合わせ、Ｇ７の外相が１１日、平和記念公園をそろって訪ね、原爆死没者の名簿が納められている慰霊碑に献花することが決まった。
平和記念資料館（原爆資料館）も見学する予定だ。できれば被爆者と対話し、被爆の実相をより深く心に刻んでほしい。
The G-7 officials traveling to Hiroshima include U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, the Obama administration's top Cabinet member.
参加者のうちケリー米国務長官は、オバマ政権の筆頭閣僚だ。
Kerry will be the highest-ranking active U.S. politician to visit Hiroshima after Nancy Pelosi, who went in 2008 as the speaker of the House of Representatives.
原爆を投下した米国の現職政治家としては、０８年に広島を訪れたペロシ下院議長（当時）に次ぐ過去最高クラスになる。
More than 200,000 people perished in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
原爆によって広島、長崎で２０万を超す人々の命が奪われた。
Many Americans, however, regard the attacks as justifiable, arguing that they accelerated Japan’s surrender in World War II and thereby saved many lives.
だが米国では「日本の降伏を早め、結果的に多くの人命を救った」として、原爆投下は正当だったと考える世論が根強い。
Despite serious differences between Japan and the United States in perceptions over history, President Barack Obama agreed to Japan’s request for Kerry to visit Hiroshima. We applaud Obama's weighty political decision.
日米の歴史認識に隔たりがあるなか、日本側が要望したケリー氏の被爆地訪問にオバマ政権が応じたのは重い政治判断だ。
We are inclined to regard the decision as a sign that Obama, whose term will expire in January, is still committed to working toward “a world without nuclear weapons,” the vision he announced to the world in his historic speech in Prague in 2009.
来年１月の任期切れを控え、オバマ大統領が０９年のプラハでの演説で掲げた「核兵器のない世界」実現に向け、なお意欲的であると受けとめたい。
The Obama administration sent its ambassador to Japan to most of the annual ceremonies to commemorate the atomic bombings that have been held in Hiroshima and Nagasaki since 2010.
Last year, the administration sent Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Rose Gottemoeller to attend the ceremonies.
オバマ政権は１０年以降ほぼ毎年、広島、長崎の平和式典に駐日大使を参列させ、昨年は国務次官を派遣した。
In Japan, expectations are growing that Obama himself will travel to the A-bombed cities when he visits Japan in May to attend the G-7 summit, to be held in Shima, Mie Prefecture.
日本国内では、５月のＧ７首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）で訪日するオバマ氏自身が、被爆地に足を延ばすのではとの期待が高まる。
In the United States, the political climate is heating up as the races for the Democratic and Republican nominations for the autumn presidential election are entering the home stretch.
米国は秋の大統領選に向けた民主、共和両党の候補者選びが山場を迎えている。
Republican frontrunner Donald Trump has been delivering a range of harsh verbal attacks on Obama’s foreign policy.
共和党の指名争いで首位を走るトランプ氏は、オバマ氏の外交姿勢を批判のやり玉に挙げてきた。
Chances are that Kerry will avoid making any remarks that could be interpreted as an apology to Japan out of fears that such a comment could have a political impact on the election.
選挙への影響を考え、ケリー氏が日本への「謝罪」ととられるような言動を控える可能性は高い。
But we nevertheless welcome Kerry’s decision to stand in front of the cenotaph in Hiroshima. We urge Obama to give serious consideration to visiting the cities as well.
だが、慰霊碑の前に立とうとする決意は率直に評価したい。オバマ氏も訪問をぜひ前向きに検討してほしい。
Even after seven decades, there are still many people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki who lost loved ones in the bombings and are suffering form health problems caused by radiation exposure.
７０年を経た今も、広島、長崎には原爆で家族を奪われ、後遺症に苦しむ人が多い。
Because they have a strong desire not to see anyone suffer the same fate, people in the two cities are pinning great hopes on the visits by Kerry and other political leaders.
被爆地がそれでもケリー氏らの訪問に期待するのはなぜか。それは「苦しみをもう誰にも味わわせたくない」という強い思いだ。
We are eager to see people in countries with nuclear arsenals think seriously about ways to bring the world closer toward a future without nuclear weapons, something that Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been praying for so strongly and for so long.
核保有国の人々には考えてもらいたい。どうすれば被爆地が願う「核兵器のない世界」は近づくか。
The G-7 foreign ministers’ visits to Hiroshima should not be allowed to end up as mere ritual. They should be a first step in effective efforts to create new momentum in international politics for realizing that goal.
Ｇ７外相の広島訪問を、単なる儀礼に終わらせず、現実の国際政治を動かす一歩にしてほしい。
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Reinforce international cooperation to eliminate offshore evasion of taxes
パナマ文書流出 課税逃れ防ぐ国際連携強めよ
The leak of documents revealing the use of tax havens by world political leaders is sending shockwaves around the globe.
世界各国の政治指導者らによるタックスヘイブン（租税回避地）利用を暴露する文書が流出し、波紋を広げている。
The so-called Panama Papers show that a great number of politicians — as well as their families, relatives and aides — have connections to offshore companies in the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea and other tax havens. The long list of names contains former and current world leaders.
文書は、現・元首脳を含む政治家とその親族、側近ら多数が、カリブ海の英領バージン諸島など租税回避地の会社に関与した記録だとされる。
In tax havens, tax rates are set at very low levels, prompting companies and wealthy individuals to use them to reduce tax payments. They are also known for their negative aspects, including being hotbeds for illicit activities such as tax evasion, money laundering and window dressing.
極端に税率が低い租税回避地は、企業や富裕層の節税に利用されるケースが多い。脱税や資金洗浄、粉飾会計などの不法行為の温床という負の面もある。
Even if their involvement in tax havens is not illegal, world leaders can be held morally responsible for avoiding tax obligations in their countries, where they should have paid taxes in the first place. They must provide explanations for every tiny detail.
法的には問題がなくても、政治家などは、本来の自国での納税義務を逃れるという道義的責任が問われよう。各国首脳らは説明を尽くさねばならない。
The documents are called the “Panama Papers” because they came from a law firm in Panama. After being obtained by the German newspaper Suddeutsche Zeitung, they are now receiving multifaceted scrutiny from the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.
文書はパナマの法律事務所が出所で、「パナマ文書」と呼ばれる。独紙「南ドイツ新聞」が入手し、国際調査報道ジャーナリスト連合が多角的に分析している。
Iceland’s Prime Minister Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson was forced to resign for not disclosing ownership of an offshore company, and British Prime Minister David Cameron has his back against the wall after admitting he had invested in a Panamanian trust set up by his late father.
会社所有が発覚したアイスランドのグンロイグソン首相は、情報開示を怠ったとして、辞任に追い込まれた。亡父がパナマにファンドを設立していたキャメロン英首相は投資の事実を認め、窮地に立たされている。
China response questionable
Judicial authorities in European and Latin American countries, including Germany and Panama, have begun investigations to determine if there were any legal violations connected to the scandal. As a matter of course, it is important to bring any tax evasion or other illicit activities to light. It is also essential that the international community make concerted efforts to make tax havens more transparent.
ドイツやパナマなど欧州や中南米の司法当局は、違法行為の有無について捜査を始めた。脱税などを摘発するのは当然だ。国際社会が連携し、租税回避地の透明性を高めることも欠かせない。
Last year, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Group of 20 countries and regions compiled international rules to prevent multinational corporations from evading taxes under the name of fictitious business deals.
経済協力開発機構（ＯＥＣＤ）と主要２０か国・地域（Ｇ２０）は昨年、多国籍企業が実態とかけ離れた取引を名目に課税逃れをするのを防ぐ国際ルールを策定した。
From the viewpoint of preventing money laundering and tax evasion, it is important to urge tax haven countries and regions to cooperate to establish such effective measures as sharing bank account information.
資金洗浄や脱税防止の観点からは、租税回避地である国・地域にも働きかけ、口座情報の交換など実効性のある協力を着実に進めることが肝要である。
The response of China to the Panama Papers is questionable. The names of relatives of three top Communist Party leaders — including President Xi Jinping —emerged in the papers. The Xi administration not only flatly refused to offer any explanations but also tightened control on the Internet in an attempt to contain the spread of information.
疑問なのは、中国の対応だ。文書では、習近平国家主席ら中国共産党最高指導部３人の親族の名が浮上した。習政権は一切の説明を拒むだけでなく、インターネット規制を強め、情報拡散を抑え込もうとしている。
China is the chair of this year’s G-20 summit and as such, it should take a leading role on measures against tax evasion. Given that, shouldn’t the behavior of China be considered inappropriate?
課税逃れ対策を主導すべき今年のＧ２０議長国として、ふさわしくない振る舞いではないか。
Russian President Vladimir Putin also faces suspicion in connection with financial transactions conducted by a friend. The Russian president put forth a conspiracy theory, saying, “They are attempting to rock us.” But that is unpersuasive.
ロシアのプーチン大統領も、友人が行った金融取引を巡る疑惑に直面している。ロシアへの「揺さぶりだ」などと語り、陰謀論を示唆したが、説得力に欠ける。
Tax evasion measures will be a key agenda item at the Ise-Shima Group of Seven summit meeting to be held in Japan. The G-7 nations should come up with a clear message on this issue.
日本で開催される主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）で、課税逃れ防止は重要な議題となる。先進７か国（Ｇ７）としての明確なメッセージを打ち出すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 9, 2016)
Reinforce international cooperation to eliminate offshore evasion of taxes
パナマ文書流出 課税逃れ防ぐ国際連携強めよ
The leak of documents revealing the use of tax havens by world political leaders is sending shockwaves around the globe.
世界各国の政治指導者らによるタックスヘイブン（租税回避地）利用を暴露する文書が流出し、波紋を広げている。
The so-called Panama Papers show that a great number of politicians — as well as their families, relatives and aides — have connections to offshore companies in the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea and other tax havens. The long list of names contains former and current world leaders.
文書は、現・元首脳を含む政治家とその親族、側近ら多数が、カリブ海の英領バージン諸島など租税回避地の会社に関与した記録だとされる。
In tax havens, tax rates are set at very low levels, prompting companies and wealthy individuals to use them to reduce tax payments. They are also known for their negative aspects, including being hotbeds for illicit activities such as tax evasion, money laundering and window dressing.
極端に税率が低い租税回避地は、企業や富裕層の節税に利用されるケースが多い。脱税や資金洗浄、粉飾会計などの不法行為の温床という負の面もある。
Even if their involvement in tax havens is not illegal, world leaders can be held morally responsible for avoiding tax obligations in their countries, where they should have paid taxes in the first place. They must provide explanations for every tiny detail.
法的には問題がなくても、政治家などは、本来の自国での納税義務を逃れるという道義的責任が問われよう。各国首脳らは説明を尽くさねばならない。
The documents are called the “Panama Papers” because they came from a law firm in Panama. After being obtained by the German newspaper Suddeutsche Zeitung, they are now receiving multifaceted scrutiny from the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.
文書はパナマの法律事務所が出所で、「パナマ文書」と呼ばれる。独紙「南ドイツ新聞」が入手し、国際調査報道ジャーナリスト連合が多角的に分析している。
Iceland’s Prime Minister Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson was forced to resign for not disclosing ownership of an offshore company, and British Prime Minister David Cameron has his back against the wall after admitting he had invested in a Panamanian trust set up by his late father.
会社所有が発覚したアイスランドのグンロイグソン首相は、情報開示を怠ったとして、辞任に追い込まれた。亡父がパナマにファンドを設立していたキャメロン英首相は投資の事実を認め、窮地に立たされている。
China response questionable
Judicial authorities in European and Latin American countries, including Germany and Panama, have begun investigations to determine if there were any legal violations connected to the scandal. As a matter of course, it is important to bring any tax evasion or other illicit activities to light. It is also essential that the international community make concerted efforts to make tax havens more transparent.
ドイツやパナマなど欧州や中南米の司法当局は、違法行為の有無について捜査を始めた。脱税などを摘発するのは当然だ。国際社会が連携し、租税回避地の透明性を高めることも欠かせない。
Last year, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Group of 20 countries and regions compiled international rules to prevent multinational corporations from evading taxes under the name of fictitious business deals.
経済協力開発機構（ＯＥＣＤ）と主要２０か国・地域（Ｇ２０）は昨年、多国籍企業が実態とかけ離れた取引を名目に課税逃れをするのを防ぐ国際ルールを策定した。
From the viewpoint of preventing money laundering and tax evasion, it is important to urge tax haven countries and regions to cooperate to establish such effective measures as sharing bank account information.
資金洗浄や脱税防止の観点からは、租税回避地である国・地域にも働きかけ、口座情報の交換など実効性のある協力を着実に進めることが肝要である。
The response of China to the Panama Papers is questionable. The names of relatives of three top Communist Party leaders — including President Xi Jinping —emerged in the papers. The Xi administration not only flatly refused to offer any explanations but also tightened control on the Internet in an attempt to contain the spread of information.
疑問なのは、中国の対応だ。文書では、習近平国家主席ら中国共産党最高指導部３人の親族の名が浮上した。習政権は一切の説明を拒むだけでなく、インターネット規制を強め、情報拡散を抑え込もうとしている。
China is the chair of this year’s G-20 summit and as such, it should take a leading role on measures against tax evasion. Given that, shouldn’t the behavior of China be considered inappropriate?
課税逃れ対策を主導すべき今年のＧ２０議長国として、ふさわしくない振る舞いではないか。
Russian President Vladimir Putin also faces suspicion in connection with financial transactions conducted by a friend. The Russian president put forth a conspiracy theory, saying, “They are attempting to rock us.” But that is unpersuasive.
ロシアのプーチン大統領も、友人が行った金融取引を巡る疑惑に直面している。ロシアへの「揺さぶりだ」などと語り、陰謀論を示唆したが、説得力に欠ける。
Tax evasion measures will be a key agenda item at the Ise-Shima Group of Seven summit meeting to be held in Japan. The G-7 nations should come up with a clear message on this issue.
日本で開催される主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）で、課税逃れ防止は重要な議題となる。先進７か国（Ｇ７）としての明確なメッセージを打ち出すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 9, 2016)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
LDP, DP must find common ground in reforming lower house elections
衆院選制度改革 自公と民進はなお歩み寄れ
The legislature has a duty to correct the vote-value disparity in House of Representatives elections, which (the Supreme Court ruled) are in a state of unconstitutionality. Both the ruling and opposition parties should realize without fail the reform of the electoral system during the current Diet session.
「違憲状態」とされる衆院選の「１票の格差」を是正することは、立法府の責務だ。与野党は、今国会で選挙制度改革を確実に実現すべきだ。
Lower house Speaker Tadamori Oshima held talks with representatives of each party and asked the Liberal Democratic Party and the Democratic Party (Minshinto, DP) to quickly submit their bills to revise the Public Offices Election Law and other relevant laws, and to form a conclusion on electoral reform by the end of the current Diet session.
大島衆院議長が各党代表と協議し、自民、民進両党それぞれの公職選挙法改正案などの速やかな国会提出と、今国会中に結論を出すことを要請した。
In other words, Oshima has for now relinquished his attempt to combine the ideas of all the parties to reform the lower house election system.
現時点での一本化を断念したものだ。
The election system is the foundation of democracy. Because of its nature, the system should be reviewed based on a broad consensus. It is regrettable that the ruling party and main opposition party are taking different approaches to the reform.
選挙制度は民主主義の基盤だ。本来、幅広い合意で見直すことが望ましい。与党と野党第１党の対応が分かれたのは残念である。
Komeito has decided to support the LDP’s reform plan. The LDP-sponsored bills will probably be submitted to the Diet next week and are likely to be enacted during the current Diet session. However, the ruling and opposition parties should continue until the last moment their efforts to find common ground.
公明党は自民案への賛成を決めた。自民案は来週にも提出され、今国会で成立する方向だが、与野党は最後まで、一致点を見いだす努力を続けてもらいたい。
The plans drawn up by the ruling and opposition parties both adopt the Adams’ method to reallocate lower house seats to single-seat constituencies in prefectures around the country. However, the LDP’s plan introduces it after a national census to be held in 2020, while the DP would introduce it immediately based on results of the 2010 census.
両案は「アダムズ方式」を採用し、小選挙区の都道府県定数を再配分することでは一致する。だが、自民案は２０２０年国勢調査後に導入するのに対し、民進案は１０年調査を基に直ちに実施する。
The Adams’ method would keep the vote-value gap within 2 to 1, a ratio prescribed as fundamental in the Law for the Council on the House of Representatives Electoral District.
アダムズ方式は、１票の格差を、衆院選挙区画定審議会設置法が基本とする２倍未満に収められる。
The method pays due consideration to prefectures with small populations by allocating lower house seats to them in a relatively generous manner.
人口の少ない県に比較的手厚く定数を配分することで、地方にも一定の配慮をしている。
Seat reduction questionable
Since the Adams’ method is an essential part of the report submitted by a panel of experts on the electoral system reform to the lower house speaker, it is a matter of course to stipulate it in concerned bills.
有識者調査会の答申の根幹であり、法律への明記は当然だ。
If lower house seats are reallocated based on results of the 2010 census, their numbers will be “plus seven and minus 13.” In other words, a total of seven seats would be added in Tokyo and four prefectures, and one seat would be taken from each of 13 prefectures. The LDP is trying to delay the introduction of the Adams’ method, apparently aiming to avoid opposition by lawmakers elected from prefectures where the number of seats will decrease.
１０年国勢調査に基づいて再配分すると、定数は東京都と４県で計７増え、１３県で各１減る「７増１３減」となる。自民党が導入を遅らせるのは、定数が減る県の議員らの反発を避ける狙いだろう。
The LDP’s plan reduces six lower house seats based on results of the simplified census conducted in 2015, and also reviews the demarcation of electoral districts around the country. Its implementation would mean that the demarcation of electoral districts could be changed twice in some areas, when it goes into effect and after the introduction of the Adams’ method.
自民案は当面、１５年の簡易国勢調査に基づいて、定数を「０増６減」するほか、全国的に区割りを見直す。地域によっては、今回と、アダムズ方式導入後の２回、区割りが変更される恐れがある。
Some observers point out that it might harm the stability of the election system and ties between lawmakers and voters.
選挙制度の安定性や、議員と有権者のつながりが損なわれかねないとの指摘も出ている。
It is questionable why both plans have included a reduction in the number of lower house seats. They each reduce a total of six seats from single-seat constituencies and four from the proportional representation section.
疑問なのは、両案とも定数削減を盛り込んだことだ。小選挙区は６、比例は４減らす。
If the number of seats is reduced, it will become more difficult to choose lawmakers representing a wide variety of public opinion, and it might lessen the legislature’s ability to monitor the administration. It is worth noting that Japan has relatively fewer Diet members than those in European countries in relation to its population.
定数を減らせば、多様な民意を代表する議員を選びにくくなる。立法府の行政監視機能も低下しかねない。人口比でみれば、日本の国会議員は欧州各国より多くないことにも留意する必要がある。
Parties also must deepen discussions on the adverse effects of reducing the number of lower house seats without being caught by their own rhetoric, namely their public pledges to sacrifice their own interests and reduce the number of Diet seats.
各党は、「身を切る改革」という定数削減の公約によって自縄自縛に陥ることなく、その弊害の議論を深めることも大切だ。
Since transition to the new electoral system is likely to require more than a year due to the need to review the demarcation of electoral districts and publicize the relevant bills to voters after they are enacted, the ruling and opposition parties must hasten deliberations.
新制度への移行には、関連法案の成立後、区割りの見直し作業や周知期間などで１年以上を要する可能性がある。与野党は、法案審議を急がねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 8, 2016)
LDP, DP must find common ground in reforming lower house elections
衆院選制度改革 自公と民進はなお歩み寄れ
The legislature has a duty to correct the vote-value disparity in House of Representatives elections, which (the Supreme Court ruled) are in a state of unconstitutionality. Both the ruling and opposition parties should realize without fail the reform of the electoral system during the current Diet session.
「違憲状態」とされる衆院選の「１票の格差」を是正することは、立法府の責務だ。与野党は、今国会で選挙制度改革を確実に実現すべきだ。
Lower house Speaker Tadamori Oshima held talks with representatives of each party and asked the Liberal Democratic Party and the Democratic Party (Minshinto, DP) to quickly submit their bills to revise the Public Offices Election Law and other relevant laws, and to form a conclusion on electoral reform by the end of the current Diet session.
大島衆院議長が各党代表と協議し、自民、民進両党それぞれの公職選挙法改正案などの速やかな国会提出と、今国会中に結論を出すことを要請した。
In other words, Oshima has for now relinquished his attempt to combine the ideas of all the parties to reform the lower house election system.
現時点での一本化を断念したものだ。
The election system is the foundation of democracy. Because of its nature, the system should be reviewed based on a broad consensus. It is regrettable that the ruling party and main opposition party are taking different approaches to the reform.
選挙制度は民主主義の基盤だ。本来、幅広い合意で見直すことが望ましい。与党と野党第１党の対応が分かれたのは残念である。
Komeito has decided to support the LDP’s reform plan. The LDP-sponsored bills will probably be submitted to the Diet next week and are likely to be enacted during the current Diet session. However, the ruling and opposition parties should continue until the last moment their efforts to find common ground.
公明党は自民案への賛成を決めた。自民案は来週にも提出され、今国会で成立する方向だが、与野党は最後まで、一致点を見いだす努力を続けてもらいたい。
The plans drawn up by the ruling and opposition parties both adopt the Adams’ method to reallocate lower house seats to single-seat constituencies in prefectures around the country. However, the LDP’s plan introduces it after a national census to be held in 2020, while the DP would introduce it immediately based on results of the 2010 census.
両案は「アダムズ方式」を採用し、小選挙区の都道府県定数を再配分することでは一致する。だが、自民案は２０２０年国勢調査後に導入するのに対し、民進案は１０年調査を基に直ちに実施する。
The Adams’ method would keep the vote-value gap within 2 to 1, a ratio prescribed as fundamental in the Law for the Council on the House of Representatives Electoral District.
アダムズ方式は、１票の格差を、衆院選挙区画定審議会設置法が基本とする２倍未満に収められる。
The method pays due consideration to prefectures with small populations by allocating lower house seats to them in a relatively generous manner.
人口の少ない県に比較的手厚く定数を配分することで、地方にも一定の配慮をしている。
Seat reduction questionable
Since the Adams’ method is an essential part of the report submitted by a panel of experts on the electoral system reform to the lower house speaker, it is a matter of course to stipulate it in concerned bills.
有識者調査会の答申の根幹であり、法律への明記は当然だ。
If lower house seats are reallocated based on results of the 2010 census, their numbers will be “plus seven and minus 13.” In other words, a total of seven seats would be added in Tokyo and four prefectures, and one seat would be taken from each of 13 prefectures. The LDP is trying to delay the introduction of the Adams’ method, apparently aiming to avoid opposition by lawmakers elected from prefectures where the number of seats will decrease.
１０年国勢調査に基づいて再配分すると、定数は東京都と４県で計７増え、１３県で各１減る「７増１３減」となる。自民党が導入を遅らせるのは、定数が減る県の議員らの反発を避ける狙いだろう。
The LDP’s plan reduces six lower house seats based on results of the simplified census conducted in 2015, and also reviews the demarcation of electoral districts around the country. Its implementation would mean that the demarcation of electoral districts could be changed twice in some areas, when it goes into effect and after the introduction of the Adams’ method.
自民案は当面、１５年の簡易国勢調査に基づいて、定数を「０増６減」するほか、全国的に区割りを見直す。地域によっては、今回と、アダムズ方式導入後の２回、区割りが変更される恐れがある。
Some observers point out that it might harm the stability of the election system and ties between lawmakers and voters.
選挙制度の安定性や、議員と有権者のつながりが損なわれかねないとの指摘も出ている。
It is questionable why both plans have included a reduction in the number of lower house seats. They each reduce a total of six seats from single-seat constituencies and four from the proportional representation section.
疑問なのは、両案とも定数削減を盛り込んだことだ。小選挙区は６、比例は４減らす。
If the number of seats is reduced, it will become more difficult to choose lawmakers representing a wide variety of public opinion, and it might lessen the legislature’s ability to monitor the administration. It is worth noting that Japan has relatively fewer Diet members than those in European countries in relation to its population.
定数を減らせば、多様な民意を代表する議員を選びにくくなる。立法府の行政監視機能も低下しかねない。人口比でみれば、日本の国会議員は欧州各国より多くないことにも留意する必要がある。
Parties also must deepen discussions on the adverse effects of reducing the number of lower house seats without being caught by their own rhetoric, namely their public pledges to sacrifice their own interests and reduce the number of Diet seats.
各党は、「身を切る改革」という定数削減の公約によって自縄自縛に陥ることなく、その弊害の議論を深めることも大切だ。
Since transition to the new electoral system is likely to require more than a year due to the need to review the demarcation of electoral districts and publicize the relevant bills to voters after they are enacted, the ruling and opposition parties must hasten deliberations.
新制度への移行には、関連法案の成立後、区割りの見直し作業や周知期間などで１年以上を要する可能性がある。与野党は、法案審議を急がねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 8, 2016)
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 6
EDITORIAL: Abe must not be allowed to rush Diet approval of TPP accord
（社説）ＴＰＰと国会 承認ありきは許されぬ
The Lower House has started deliberating a draft approval of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) accord and a bill to revise all 11 related laws.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）の承認案と、関連する１１本の法律を一括改正する法案の審議が、衆院で始まった。
Ever since the World Trade Organization fell into dysfunction, bilateral and multilateral agreements on free trade and economic cooperation have propelled market liberalization.
世界貿易機関（ＷＴＯ）が機能不全に陥った後、二国間や多国間の自由貿易・経済連携協定が自由化の推進役となっている。
The TPP, in particular, has 12 signatories from the Asia-Pacific region, which leads the global economy, and their combined gross domestic product represents 40 percent of the world total. Japan, which continues to languish under sluggish economic growth, pins considerable hopes on what this accord could bring.
中でもＴＰＰには世界経済を引っ張るアジア太平洋の１２カ国が参加し、国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）で世界の４割を占める。低成長が続く日本にとって、その効果への期待は小さくない。
The TPP is called a “21st century-type” accord because it covers matters concerning intellectual property, the environment and labor, in addition to the elimination and reduction of tariffs and the liberalization of capital investment. But since the accord is expected to affect many industry sectors and the people’s lives in all sorts of ways, grave concerns and questions have been raised, not to mention stiff opposition.
ＴＰＰが扱うのは関税の撤廃・引き下げや投資の自由化などのほか、知的財産や環境・労働分野に及び、「２１世紀型」と呼ばれる。さまざまな産業や国民生活への影響が予想され、不安や疑問、反対論も根強い。
The Diet, which represents the people, has the responsibility to address these concerns through debate. We hope each political party will base its stance and proposals on the protection of consumer interests.
審議を通じてそうした声に向き合うことが、国民の代表としての国会の責任だろう。各党は「消費者の利益」を基準に、是非と対策を考える姿勢で審議を尽くしてほしい。
One disturbing factor is the unmistakable eagerness of the government and the ruling coalition to approve the TPP during the current Diet session.
気がかりなのは、今の国会でＴＰＰを承認しようという与党と政府の前のめりな姿勢だ。
All TPP 12 signatories signed the accord in February, but each country must secure the approval of its national assembly and complete all necessary procedures for the accord to take effect. Under the TPP rules, the completion of such procedures by the United States and Japan--the two leading nations--is indispensable.
参加１２カ国は２月にＴＰＰに署名したが、発効には各国が議会承認を含めて必要な手続きを終えねばならない。ＴＰＰの規定では、２大国である米国と日本の手続き完了が不可欠だ。
But the United States is currently in the middle of its primaries season, and the front-runner presidential candidates--both Democratic and Republican--are negative toward the TPP. The prevalent thinking in America is that Congress will not approve the accord until after election day in November.
大統領選の最中にある米国では、民主、共和両党とも有力候補はこぞってＴＰＰに否定的。議会承認は１１月の大統領選後、との見方がもっぱらである。
The administration of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe positions the TPP as one of the pillars of its “Abenomics” economic policy. The prime minister enthuses, “Japan will take the lead to speed up the accord’s approval.” But hasty Diet deliberations must not be allowed.
安倍政権はＴＰＰをアベノミクスの柱の一つと位置づける。「日本が率先して発効への機運を高める」と意気込むが、拙速な審議は許されない。
And if Abe is hoping to quickly settle this matter in view of the Upper House election this summer and the possibility of holding a Lower House election on the same day, he has his priorities completely wrong.
夏の参院選や、取りざたされる衆参同日選をにらみ、懸案を片付けておこうとの思惑なら本末転倒だ。
The main opposition Democratic Party is poised to focus on issues related to the reduction and elimination of tariffs on farm and fisheries products.
民進党は、農林水産分野の関税撤廃・引き下げ問題を中心に追及する構えだ。
Three years ago, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Committee of the Upper House as well as the Lower House voted to ensure careful handling of this matter regarding rice and four other items of greatest importance. But the Democratic Party must refrain from obsessing on whether these five items are protected under the TPP accord. The party must try not to lose sight of the big picture.
衆参の農林水産委員会は３年前、コメなど重要５項目に十分に配慮するよう決議している。ＴＰＰの協定案が５項目を「聖域」として守っているかを突くだけでなく、幅広い視点からの議論を心がけてほしい。
Ample information is necessary to ensure thorough discussions. The government has finally agreed to disclose records of meetings between U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman and Akira Amari, former minister in charge of TPP negotiations, but the documents have been extensively blacked out. The government must do its best to disclose information.
徹底した審議には十分な情報が必要だ。交渉で主役を演じた甘利明・前ＴＰＰ担当相とフロマン・米通商代表部代表の会談資料について、政府はようやく開示に応じることを決めたが、黒塗りだという。できるだけ情報公開に努めるべきだ。
We also demand anew that Amari explain the bribery suspicion he is under. If this is difficult now because of his poor health, this is all the more reason not to rush into approving the TPP accord.
甘利氏が金銭授受疑惑について説明責任を果たすことも、改めて求めたい。体調がすぐれず難しいなら、なおさらＴＰＰの承認を急ぐべきではない。
EDITORIAL: Abe must not be allowed to rush Diet approval of TPP accord
（社説）ＴＰＰと国会 承認ありきは許されぬ
The Lower House has started deliberating a draft approval of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) accord and a bill to revise all 11 related laws.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）の承認案と、関連する１１本の法律を一括改正する法案の審議が、衆院で始まった。
Ever since the World Trade Organization fell into dysfunction, bilateral and multilateral agreements on free trade and economic cooperation have propelled market liberalization.
世界貿易機関（ＷＴＯ）が機能不全に陥った後、二国間や多国間の自由貿易・経済連携協定が自由化の推進役となっている。
The TPP, in particular, has 12 signatories from the Asia-Pacific region, which leads the global economy, and their combined gross domestic product represents 40 percent of the world total. Japan, which continues to languish under sluggish economic growth, pins considerable hopes on what this accord could bring.
中でもＴＰＰには世界経済を引っ張るアジア太平洋の１２カ国が参加し、国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）で世界の４割を占める。低成長が続く日本にとって、その効果への期待は小さくない。
The TPP is called a “21st century-type” accord because it covers matters concerning intellectual property, the environment and labor, in addition to the elimination and reduction of tariffs and the liberalization of capital investment. But since the accord is expected to affect many industry sectors and the people’s lives in all sorts of ways, grave concerns and questions have been raised, not to mention stiff opposition.
ＴＰＰが扱うのは関税の撤廃・引き下げや投資の自由化などのほか、知的財産や環境・労働分野に及び、「２１世紀型」と呼ばれる。さまざまな産業や国民生活への影響が予想され、不安や疑問、反対論も根強い。
The Diet, which represents the people, has the responsibility to address these concerns through debate. We hope each political party will base its stance and proposals on the protection of consumer interests.
審議を通じてそうした声に向き合うことが、国民の代表としての国会の責任だろう。各党は「消費者の利益」を基準に、是非と対策を考える姿勢で審議を尽くしてほしい。
One disturbing factor is the unmistakable eagerness of the government and the ruling coalition to approve the TPP during the current Diet session.
気がかりなのは、今の国会でＴＰＰを承認しようという与党と政府の前のめりな姿勢だ。
All TPP 12 signatories signed the accord in February, but each country must secure the approval of its national assembly and complete all necessary procedures for the accord to take effect. Under the TPP rules, the completion of such procedures by the United States and Japan--the two leading nations--is indispensable.
参加１２カ国は２月にＴＰＰに署名したが、発効には各国が議会承認を含めて必要な手続きを終えねばならない。ＴＰＰの規定では、２大国である米国と日本の手続き完了が不可欠だ。
But the United States is currently in the middle of its primaries season, and the front-runner presidential candidates--both Democratic and Republican--are negative toward the TPP. The prevalent thinking in America is that Congress will not approve the accord until after election day in November.
大統領選の最中にある米国では、民主、共和両党とも有力候補はこぞってＴＰＰに否定的。議会承認は１１月の大統領選後、との見方がもっぱらである。
The administration of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe positions the TPP as one of the pillars of its “Abenomics” economic policy. The prime minister enthuses, “Japan will take the lead to speed up the accord’s approval.” But hasty Diet deliberations must not be allowed.
安倍政権はＴＰＰをアベノミクスの柱の一つと位置づける。「日本が率先して発効への機運を高める」と意気込むが、拙速な審議は許されない。
And if Abe is hoping to quickly settle this matter in view of the Upper House election this summer and the possibility of holding a Lower House election on the same day, he has his priorities completely wrong.
夏の参院選や、取りざたされる衆参同日選をにらみ、懸案を片付けておこうとの思惑なら本末転倒だ。
The main opposition Democratic Party is poised to focus on issues related to the reduction and elimination of tariffs on farm and fisheries products.
民進党は、農林水産分野の関税撤廃・引き下げ問題を中心に追及する構えだ。
Three years ago, the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Committee of the Upper House as well as the Lower House voted to ensure careful handling of this matter regarding rice and four other items of greatest importance. But the Democratic Party must refrain from obsessing on whether these five items are protected under the TPP accord. The party must try not to lose sight of the big picture.
衆参の農林水産委員会は３年前、コメなど重要５項目に十分に配慮するよう決議している。ＴＰＰの協定案が５項目を「聖域」として守っているかを突くだけでなく、幅広い視点からの議論を心がけてほしい。
Ample information is necessary to ensure thorough discussions. The government has finally agreed to disclose records of meetings between U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman and Akira Amari, former minister in charge of TPP negotiations, but the documents have been extensively blacked out. The government must do its best to disclose information.
徹底した審議には十分な情報が必要だ。交渉で主役を演じた甘利明・前ＴＰＰ担当相とフロマン・米通商代表部代表の会談資料について、政府はようやく開示に応じることを決めたが、黒塗りだという。できるだけ情報公開に努めるべきだ。
We also demand anew that Amari explain the bribery suspicion he is under. If this is difficult now because of his poor health, this is all the more reason not to rush into approving the TPP accord.
甘利氏が金銭授受疑惑について説明責任を果たすことも、改めて求めたい。体調がすぐれず難しいなら、なおさらＴＰＰの承認を急ぐべきではない。
--The Asahi Shimbun, April 5
EDITORIAL: BOJ should reconsider aggressive easing policy three years after its implementation
（社説）異次元緩和３年 限界認め、軌道修正を
Three long years have passed since the Bank of Japan, under the leadership of Governor Haruhiko Kuroda, launched its “different dimension” policy of aggressive monetary expansion.
日本銀行が黒田東彦（はるひこ）総裁のもとで「異次元」の金融緩和を始めてから３年。
The new program started as a short-term, turbocharged effort to achieve the central bank’s policy goals within two years. The deadline passed and another full year has gone by, but the central bank has yet to hit its inflation target of 2 percent.
２年間の「短期決戦」として始まったはずの政策は、２年がすぎ、３年たっても、掲げてきた２％のインフレ目標を達成できていない。
While the BOJ has repeatedly pushed back the target date, negative effects of the radical monetary easing policy have started making themselves felt. The risks it poses to Japan’s overall economic health are steadily growing.
日銀が期限を次々と延ばす間に、緩和に伴う副作用が目につき始め、抱えるリスクはじわじわと増している。
The BOJ should now change tack instead of enhancing and expanding this risky approach.
日銀が実行すべきなのは緩和の強化ではなく、軌道修正を図ることだ。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s pro-growth economic policy, known as Abenomics, is composed of three “arrows,” or key components. They are bold monetary easing, flexible fiscal spending and a growth strategy designed to stimulate private-sector investment.
安倍政権の経済政策「アベノミクス」は、（１）大胆な金融緩和（２）機動的な財政出動（３）民間投資を促す成長戦略の「３本の矢」からなる。
The Abe administration has unveiled “new three arrows” focused on measures to support nursing care and child care. But the basic framework of its economic policy agenda has remained unchanged.
政権は介護や子育て政策の充実に力点を置く「新３本の矢」を打ち出したが、政策の骨格は変わっていない。
The second and third arrows of Abe's original blueprint are nothing new. Most of his predecessors tried to boost the economy through fiscal stimulus packages comprising massive government spending and new plans to put the economy on an upward trajectory.
当初の２、３本目の矢は目新しいものではない。多くの政権が景気対策で財政を膨らませ、成長戦略も練ってきた。
The first arrow, the extraordinary program to expand the money supply, is the unique feature of Abenomics that constitutes its core.
１本目の異次元緩和こそが異色でありアベノミクスの柱と言える。
Under this program, the BOJ buys huge amounts of government bonds to flood the economy with liquidity and thereby guides long-term interest rates to historically low levels.
日銀が大量の国債を買いあげ、巨額のマネーを市場に注ぎ込む。そうして長期金利を歴史的な低水準に引き下げる。
Abe selected Kuroda as the central bank chief to preside over such unprecedented monetary expansion. This move, made under the slogan of “escape from deflation,” is aimed at putting the onus solely on the central bank’s monetary policy, which doesn’t impose a new financial burden on the public immediately.
安倍政権は日銀にそんな大胆な金融緩和を行わせようと黒田氏を日銀総裁に選んだ。「デフレ脱却」を旗印に、ただちに国民負担が生じるわけではない金融政策に寄りかかる構図である。
WEAK RIPPLE EFFECTS
■弱かった波及効果
Initially, many economists praised Abenomics as a successful policy effort because it led to a weaker yen and higher stock prices. As a result, Japanese companies, especially export-oriented manufacturers, notched record earnings, which translated into pay growth, to a certain extent.
当初、アベノミクスを「成功している」と評価する声が多かったのは、円安と株高が進んだためだ。輸出産業を中心に企業が過去最高水準の収益をあげ、賃上げも一定程度は実現した。
But the benefits of Abenomics were overestimated in a sense. When the Abe administration was inaugurated at the end of 2012, the yen had already started falling against the dollar and the euro, which had strengthened due to recovery of the U.S. economy and the defused debt crisis in Europe.
ただ、その効果は過大評価された面がある。政権が発足した２０１２年末は米国経済の回復と欧州金融危機の沈静化を受けたドル高・ユーロ高に伴い、円安が始まっていた。
The upturn of the global economy was setting the stage for a stock market rally. Abenomics mainly served as a catalyst that caused these factors to start kicking in.
世界経済の好転で株高の環境も整いつつあった。アベノミクスがその背中を押した、というのが実態だろう。
Many economists point out that Abenomics has produced far fewer benefits for small and midsize businesses and most workers than the gains enjoyed by large companies and well-to-do individual investors.
大企業や裕福な個人投資家が受けた恩恵に比べ、中小企業や大多数の働き手への効果が乏しいとの指摘は根強い。
The policy has failed to produce so-called “trickle-down effects,” which mean increased wealth in one sector of the economy produces benefits for other sectors as well. Japanese people’s real income has barely grown.
富が滴り落ちるように広がる「トリクルダウン」は実現せず、国民の実質所得は伸び悩む。
Japan’s real economic growth in the past three years has been by and large slower than during the previous government led by the then-Democratic Party of Japan. Abe’s economic policy program has not given any big boost to the real economy in terms of growth in consumer spending or business investment.
ここ３年の実質経済成長率はその前の民主党政権時代より総じて低く、消費や投資という実体経済への波及は弱々しい。
When the BOJ made another radical move to ramp up the money supply in February by introducing negative interest rates for part of commercial banks’ reserves at the central bank, the unwanted side effects became more pronounced.
日銀が２月、金融機関が日銀に預ける当座預金の一部に初めてマイナス金利を導入すると、副作用が目立ち始めた。
Due partly to deteriorating economic conditions in many other countries, Japan’s stock and currency markets have been fluctuating wildly since then.
海外経済の動揺もあって、株式市場や外国為替市場では乱高下が繰り返し起こっている。
The negative interest rate policy has hit the earnings of financial institutions by reducing their profit margins and cast a pall over the long-term prospects of pension funds management.
マイナス金利は、利ざやが取れない金融機関の収益を苦しくし、資産を長期運用する年金などの持続性にも影を落とす。
DANGER OF GETTING CAUGHT IN ITS OWN TRAP
■自縄自縛の危うさ
Still, the BOJ has remained optimistic about the effectiveness of its monetary policy. It has kept claiming it can achieve the inflation target since it still has abundant policy options to use.
それでも日銀は強気の姿勢を崩していない。「やれる手はいくらでもある。目標は達成できる」と言い続けている。
Last year, speaking at an international conference, Kuroda referred to a passage in the story of Peter Pan saying, “The moment you doubt whether you can fly, you cease forever to be able to do it,” and said, “Yes, what we need is a positive attitude and conviction.”
黒田総裁は昨年、国際会議で語った。「ピーターパンの物語に『飛べるかどうかを疑った瞬間に永遠に飛べなくなってしまう』という言葉がある。大切なのは前向きな姿勢と確信だ」
His “different dimension” monetary policy plays on people’s expectations. The idea is that if the BOJ sets a specific inflation target and promises to take every possible step to achieve it both businesses and consumers will start spending their money because of their inflationary expectations.
異次元緩和は、期待に働きかける政策である。日銀がインフレ目標を示し、あらゆる手を打つと約束すれば、企業も消費者もそうなると考えて投資や消費におカネを使うようになる。そんな考えにもとづく。
In fact, however, the inflation rate has remained around zero due partly to lower prices of oil and other energy resources. The BOJ’s policy has not awakened inflationary expectations.
実際には、原油などの資源安もあって足元の物価の伸びはほぼゼロで推移している。インフレ期待は高まっていない。
The BOJ seems to have avoided admitting this fact because of concerns about dousing expectations for rising prices. If so, the central bank has gotten caught in a trap it has created itself.
それでも、期待に水を差すような説明はできない。日銀はそんな自縄自縛に陥っていないか。
The BOJ already owns more than 30 percent of the government bonds outstanding, and this rate will keep rising.
日銀はすでに国債発行残高の３割超を保有しており、比率はさらに上がっていく。
If the central bank starts financing the government’s debt through its bond-purchasing program, fiscal discipline could collapse, triggering tumbles of government bond prices and the yen’s value.
国債発行という政府の借金を日銀が手助けする「財政ファイナンス」に陥れば、財政規律が揺らぎ、国債価格や円相場の急落リスクが高まりかねない。
The longer the BOJ continues prolonging and expanding its aggressive monetary policy, the bigger the risk for the Japanese economy.
異次元緩和を強化し、長びかせるほど、日本経済が抱える危うさはマグマのようにたまっていく。
The central banks, including the BOJ, are guaranteed independence from the governments of their countries to ensure that they will not serve as policy tools of the governments. If they allow their actions to be dictated by the government, the public will have to pay the price for their distorted and misguided monetary policies.
日銀を含む各国の中央銀行が政府からの独立を保証されているのは、政府の道具となって金融政策がゆがみ、そのツケを国民が払う事態を避けるためだ。
The BOJ should ask itself whether it is acting as an agent for the government.
今の日銀は政権の下請け機関になっていないか。
IRRESPONSIBILITY OF RELYING TOTALLY ON BOJ
■日銀頼みの無責任
The Abe administration has started considering additional measures to stoke economic growth, including a supplementary budget. There are also rumors that the administration is considering another postponement of the scheduled hike of the consumption tax rate to 10 percent.
安倍政権は補正予算編成を含む経済対策を検討し始め、１０％への消費増税の再延期論もくすぶる。
The government would be acting in a grossly irresponsible manner if it takes such fiscal policy measures that apparently assume that the BOJ will continue purchasing government bonds.
日銀による国債の買い支えがずっと続くことを前提にしたかのような財政運営は無責任である。
The government needs to start taking steps to restore a healthy and sustainable fiscal policy with an eye to future generations.
将来の世代も見すえ、持続可能な財政へと再建していく。
At the same time, the government should tackle structural reforms to ensure economic growth driven by private-sector investment and consumption. These are what the administration should do.
同時に民間の投資や消費が引っぱる日本経済の発展をめざし、地道に構造改革に取り組む。それが政権の仕事だろう。
To prompt the government to embark on such sound policy efforts, the BOJ needs to explain the limitations of the effects of its radical monetary policy more clearly and in more detail to the administration.
そう促すためにも、日銀は異次元緩和の限界について、もっと政権に対して説明する必要がある。
That would be a good first step toward correcting problems with its policy stance, which is excessively biased toward monetary easing.
それが、「緩和強化」一辺倒の路線を修正する第一歩となる。
EDITORIAL: BOJ should reconsider aggressive easing policy three years after its implementation
（社説）異次元緩和３年 限界認め、軌道修正を
Three long years have passed since the Bank of Japan, under the leadership of Governor Haruhiko Kuroda, launched its “different dimension” policy of aggressive monetary expansion.
日本銀行が黒田東彦（はるひこ）総裁のもとで「異次元」の金融緩和を始めてから３年。
The new program started as a short-term, turbocharged effort to achieve the central bank’s policy goals within two years. The deadline passed and another full year has gone by, but the central bank has yet to hit its inflation target of 2 percent.
２年間の「短期決戦」として始まったはずの政策は、２年がすぎ、３年たっても、掲げてきた２％のインフレ目標を達成できていない。
While the BOJ has repeatedly pushed back the target date, negative effects of the radical monetary easing policy have started making themselves felt. The risks it poses to Japan’s overall economic health are steadily growing.
日銀が期限を次々と延ばす間に、緩和に伴う副作用が目につき始め、抱えるリスクはじわじわと増している。
The BOJ should now change tack instead of enhancing and expanding this risky approach.
日銀が実行すべきなのは緩和の強化ではなく、軌道修正を図ることだ。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s pro-growth economic policy, known as Abenomics, is composed of three “arrows,” or key components. They are bold monetary easing, flexible fiscal spending and a growth strategy designed to stimulate private-sector investment.
安倍政権の経済政策「アベノミクス」は、（１）大胆な金融緩和（２）機動的な財政出動（３）民間投資を促す成長戦略の「３本の矢」からなる。
The Abe administration has unveiled “new three arrows” focused on measures to support nursing care and child care. But the basic framework of its economic policy agenda has remained unchanged.
政権は介護や子育て政策の充実に力点を置く「新３本の矢」を打ち出したが、政策の骨格は変わっていない。
The second and third arrows of Abe's original blueprint are nothing new. Most of his predecessors tried to boost the economy through fiscal stimulus packages comprising massive government spending and new plans to put the economy on an upward trajectory.
当初の２、３本目の矢は目新しいものではない。多くの政権が景気対策で財政を膨らませ、成長戦略も練ってきた。
The first arrow, the extraordinary program to expand the money supply, is the unique feature of Abenomics that constitutes its core.
１本目の異次元緩和こそが異色でありアベノミクスの柱と言える。
Under this program, the BOJ buys huge amounts of government bonds to flood the economy with liquidity and thereby guides long-term interest rates to historically low levels.
日銀が大量の国債を買いあげ、巨額のマネーを市場に注ぎ込む。そうして長期金利を歴史的な低水準に引き下げる。
Abe selected Kuroda as the central bank chief to preside over such unprecedented monetary expansion. This move, made under the slogan of “escape from deflation,” is aimed at putting the onus solely on the central bank’s monetary policy, which doesn’t impose a new financial burden on the public immediately.
安倍政権は日銀にそんな大胆な金融緩和を行わせようと黒田氏を日銀総裁に選んだ。「デフレ脱却」を旗印に、ただちに国民負担が生じるわけではない金融政策に寄りかかる構図である。
WEAK RIPPLE EFFECTS
■弱かった波及効果
Initially, many economists praised Abenomics as a successful policy effort because it led to a weaker yen and higher stock prices. As a result, Japanese companies, especially export-oriented manufacturers, notched record earnings, which translated into pay growth, to a certain extent.
当初、アベノミクスを「成功している」と評価する声が多かったのは、円安と株高が進んだためだ。輸出産業を中心に企業が過去最高水準の収益をあげ、賃上げも一定程度は実現した。
But the benefits of Abenomics were overestimated in a sense. When the Abe administration was inaugurated at the end of 2012, the yen had already started falling against the dollar and the euro, which had strengthened due to recovery of the U.S. economy and the defused debt crisis in Europe.
ただ、その効果は過大評価された面がある。政権が発足した２０１２年末は米国経済の回復と欧州金融危機の沈静化を受けたドル高・ユーロ高に伴い、円安が始まっていた。
The upturn of the global economy was setting the stage for a stock market rally. Abenomics mainly served as a catalyst that caused these factors to start kicking in.
世界経済の好転で株高の環境も整いつつあった。アベノミクスがその背中を押した、というのが実態だろう。
Many economists point out that Abenomics has produced far fewer benefits for small and midsize businesses and most workers than the gains enjoyed by large companies and well-to-do individual investors.
大企業や裕福な個人投資家が受けた恩恵に比べ、中小企業や大多数の働き手への効果が乏しいとの指摘は根強い。
The policy has failed to produce so-called “trickle-down effects,” which mean increased wealth in one sector of the economy produces benefits for other sectors as well. Japanese people’s real income has barely grown.
富が滴り落ちるように広がる「トリクルダウン」は実現せず、国民の実質所得は伸び悩む。
Japan’s real economic growth in the past three years has been by and large slower than during the previous government led by the then-Democratic Party of Japan. Abe’s economic policy program has not given any big boost to the real economy in terms of growth in consumer spending or business investment.
ここ３年の実質経済成長率はその前の民主党政権時代より総じて低く、消費や投資という実体経済への波及は弱々しい。
When the BOJ made another radical move to ramp up the money supply in February by introducing negative interest rates for part of commercial banks’ reserves at the central bank, the unwanted side effects became more pronounced.
日銀が２月、金融機関が日銀に預ける当座預金の一部に初めてマイナス金利を導入すると、副作用が目立ち始めた。
Due partly to deteriorating economic conditions in many other countries, Japan’s stock and currency markets have been fluctuating wildly since then.
海外経済の動揺もあって、株式市場や外国為替市場では乱高下が繰り返し起こっている。
The negative interest rate policy has hit the earnings of financial institutions by reducing their profit margins and cast a pall over the long-term prospects of pension funds management.
マイナス金利は、利ざやが取れない金融機関の収益を苦しくし、資産を長期運用する年金などの持続性にも影を落とす。
DANGER OF GETTING CAUGHT IN ITS OWN TRAP
■自縄自縛の危うさ
Still, the BOJ has remained optimistic about the effectiveness of its monetary policy. It has kept claiming it can achieve the inflation target since it still has abundant policy options to use.
それでも日銀は強気の姿勢を崩していない。「やれる手はいくらでもある。目標は達成できる」と言い続けている。
Last year, speaking at an international conference, Kuroda referred to a passage in the story of Peter Pan saying, “The moment you doubt whether you can fly, you cease forever to be able to do it,” and said, “Yes, what we need is a positive attitude and conviction.”
黒田総裁は昨年、国際会議で語った。「ピーターパンの物語に『飛べるかどうかを疑った瞬間に永遠に飛べなくなってしまう』という言葉がある。大切なのは前向きな姿勢と確信だ」
His “different dimension” monetary policy plays on people’s expectations. The idea is that if the BOJ sets a specific inflation target and promises to take every possible step to achieve it both businesses and consumers will start spending their money because of their inflationary expectations.
異次元緩和は、期待に働きかける政策である。日銀がインフレ目標を示し、あらゆる手を打つと約束すれば、企業も消費者もそうなると考えて投資や消費におカネを使うようになる。そんな考えにもとづく。
In fact, however, the inflation rate has remained around zero due partly to lower prices of oil and other energy resources. The BOJ’s policy has not awakened inflationary expectations.
実際には、原油などの資源安もあって足元の物価の伸びはほぼゼロで推移している。インフレ期待は高まっていない。
The BOJ seems to have avoided admitting this fact because of concerns about dousing expectations for rising prices. If so, the central bank has gotten caught in a trap it has created itself.
それでも、期待に水を差すような説明はできない。日銀はそんな自縄自縛に陥っていないか。
The BOJ already owns more than 30 percent of the government bonds outstanding, and this rate will keep rising.
日銀はすでに国債発行残高の３割超を保有しており、比率はさらに上がっていく。
If the central bank starts financing the government’s debt through its bond-purchasing program, fiscal discipline could collapse, triggering tumbles of government bond prices and the yen’s value.
国債発行という政府の借金を日銀が手助けする「財政ファイナンス」に陥れば、財政規律が揺らぎ、国債価格や円相場の急落リスクが高まりかねない。
The longer the BOJ continues prolonging and expanding its aggressive monetary policy, the bigger the risk for the Japanese economy.
異次元緩和を強化し、長びかせるほど、日本経済が抱える危うさはマグマのようにたまっていく。
The central banks, including the BOJ, are guaranteed independence from the governments of their countries to ensure that they will not serve as policy tools of the governments. If they allow their actions to be dictated by the government, the public will have to pay the price for their distorted and misguided monetary policies.
日銀を含む各国の中央銀行が政府からの独立を保証されているのは、政府の道具となって金融政策がゆがみ、そのツケを国民が払う事態を避けるためだ。
The BOJ should ask itself whether it is acting as an agent for the government.
今の日銀は政権の下請け機関になっていないか。
IRRESPONSIBILITY OF RELYING TOTALLY ON BOJ
■日銀頼みの無責任
The Abe administration has started considering additional measures to stoke economic growth, including a supplementary budget. There are also rumors that the administration is considering another postponement of the scheduled hike of the consumption tax rate to 10 percent.
安倍政権は補正予算編成を含む経済対策を検討し始め、１０％への消費増税の再延期論もくすぶる。
The government would be acting in a grossly irresponsible manner if it takes such fiscal policy measures that apparently assume that the BOJ will continue purchasing government bonds.
日銀による国債の買い支えがずっと続くことを前提にしたかのような財政運営は無責任である。
The government needs to start taking steps to restore a healthy and sustainable fiscal policy with an eye to future generations.
将来の世代も見すえ、持続可能な財政へと再建していく。
At the same time, the government should tackle structural reforms to ensure economic growth driven by private-sector investment and consumption. These are what the administration should do.
同時に民間の投資や消費が引っぱる日本経済の発展をめざし、地道に構造改革に取り組む。それが政権の仕事だろう。
To prompt the government to embark on such sound policy efforts, the BOJ needs to explain the limitations of the effects of its radical monetary policy more clearly and in more detail to the administration.
そう促すためにも、日銀は異次元緩和の限界について、もっと政権に対して説明する必要がある。
That would be a good first step toward correcting problems with its policy stance, which is excessively biased toward monetary easing.
それが、「緩和強化」一辺倒の路線を修正する第一歩となる。
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Joint public-private efforts essential to deter terrorists attacking G-7 summit
サミットとテロ 官民一体で脅威を封じ込めよ
Given the increasing threat posed by international terrorism, all possible measures must be taken to deter acts of violence.
国際テロの脅威が高まる中、凶行の抑止に万全を期さねばならない。
Less than two months are left before the Ise-Shima Summit of the Group of Seven major powers, which will be held on May 26-27 in Mie Prefecture. A series of G-7 ministerial meetings is scheduled to be held in various parts of the country, starting with a foreign ministerial conference that opens in Hiroshima on Sunday.
５月２６、２７日の主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）まで、２か月を切った。今月１０日から広島市で開かれる外相会合を手始めに、関係閣僚会合も順次、各地で予定されている。
Antiterrorism measures will likely be the major topic of discussions at the upcoming summit. It would be no surprise if terrorists regard the summit itself as a suitable target. This is the sixth time for Japan to host the summit, and it will be held under circumstances in which the danger of terrorism is felt more realistically than ever.
サミットでは、テロ対策が主要な議題の一つとなる見通しだ。テロリストが、その場を格好の標的と捉えても不思議はない。日本でのサミットは６回目だが、これまで以上にテロの危険性が現実化する状況での開催と言えよう。
First of all, it is vital to keep terrorists from entering this country.
まず重要なのは、テロリストを入国させないことである。
In December, the government inaugurated the Counterterrorism Unit-Japan at the initiative of the Prime Minister’s Office. To determine the moves of overseas extremist groups and block the entry of suspicious individuals at the nation’s borders, it is indispensable to ramp up cooperation with foreign organizations.
政府は昨年１２月、首相官邸が主導して「国際テロ情報収集ユニット」を発足させた。海外の過激派組織の動向を把握し、不審者の侵入を水際で防ぐため、海外機関との連携強化が欠かせない。
Preparing against cyber-attacks is also important. Strict management of systems are needed especially for such key infrastructures as power supply and transportation networks.
サイバー攻撃への備えも大切だ。特に、電力や交通などの重要インフラについては、厳重なシステム管理が求められる。
It is necessary to keep a constant lookout for home-grown terrorism. Even in Japan, there are more than a few young people who have expressed support on the Internet for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant extremist group. The contents of their posts must be examined to nip potential crimes in the bud.
「ホームグロウン・テロ」（自国育ちのテロ）に対する警戒は怠れない。インターネット上で「イスラム国」への支持を表明する若者らは、日本にも少なくない。書き込みの内容をチェックし、犯行の芽を摘む必要がある。
Enhance security
Needless to say, it is essential to raise the proficiency of security at the venue on the assumption that terrorists will furtively reach the site.
テロリストが紛れ込んだ場合を想定し、会場警備の練度向上が必要なのは言うまでもない。
The land routes to Kashikojima island, the venue for the G-7 summit, are limited to two bridges, which may be advantageous in terms of ensuring security.
サミット会場の賢島に陸路で渡る手段が２本の橋に限られるのは警備上の利点と言える。
On the other hand, it is a cause of concern that there are many places for terrorists to conceal themselves, including rafts used for pearl-culturing and bushes on the island.
一方で、真珠の養殖いかだや島内の茂みなど、テロリストが身を隠せる場所が多いのは懸念材料である。
During the Gleneagles Summit in 2005, London, which was 600 kilometers away, became the target of multiple attacks. Strong concern has been expressed about the possibility of terrorist attacks committed in Tokyo and elsewhere this time.
２００５年の英グレンイーグルズサミットでは、約６００キロ離れたロンドンが同時テロの舞台になった。今回も、東京などでの発生を不安視する声は強い。
Attacks have occurred one after another across the globe, aiming at such soft targets as theaters and stadiums where many people from all walks of life gather. It would be impossible to protect such facilities in Japan using police forces alone.
劇場や競技場など、不特定多数の人が集まる「ソフトターゲット」を狙ったテロが世界で相次ぐ。国内のそうした施設を、警察だけで守るのは不可能だろう。
If visitors to a venue notice something out of the ordinary, they must quickly inform the authorities concerned. The operator of the facilities should cooperate to ensure security by carrying out thorough inspections of hand baggage and taking other measures.
来場者が異常に気付いた場合には、速やかに通報することが大事だ。施設側も手荷物検査の徹底などでテロ防止に協力したい。
Various international events, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, are scheduled to be hosted by Japan after the summit. Countermeasures must be beefed up from the medium- and long-term perspective.
サミット後も、２０年の東京五輪など大規模イベントが控える。中長期的な視点で、対策を強化せねばならない。
It would be worthwhile studying the introduction of a system of issuing alert levels against terrorism like those issued in the case of volcanic eruptions.
火山の噴火のように、テロの警戒レベルを公表するシステムの導入は検討に値しよう。
In-depth discussions also should be held on the advisability of easing the requirements to allow wiretapping and making conspiracy a crime.
通信傍受の要件緩和や共謀罪創設などの是非についても、議論を深めるべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 5, 2016)
Joint public-private efforts essential to deter terrorists attacking G-7 summit
サミットとテロ 官民一体で脅威を封じ込めよ
Given the increasing threat posed by international terrorism, all possible measures must be taken to deter acts of violence.
国際テロの脅威が高まる中、凶行の抑止に万全を期さねばならない。
Less than two months are left before the Ise-Shima Summit of the Group of Seven major powers, which will be held on May 26-27 in Mie Prefecture. A series of G-7 ministerial meetings is scheduled to be held in various parts of the country, starting with a foreign ministerial conference that opens in Hiroshima on Sunday.
５月２６、２７日の主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）まで、２か月を切った。今月１０日から広島市で開かれる外相会合を手始めに、関係閣僚会合も順次、各地で予定されている。
Antiterrorism measures will likely be the major topic of discussions at the upcoming summit. It would be no surprise if terrorists regard the summit itself as a suitable target. This is the sixth time for Japan to host the summit, and it will be held under circumstances in which the danger of terrorism is felt more realistically than ever.
サミットでは、テロ対策が主要な議題の一つとなる見通しだ。テロリストが、その場を格好の標的と捉えても不思議はない。日本でのサミットは６回目だが、これまで以上にテロの危険性が現実化する状況での開催と言えよう。
First of all, it is vital to keep terrorists from entering this country.
まず重要なのは、テロリストを入国させないことである。
In December, the government inaugurated the Counterterrorism Unit-Japan at the initiative of the Prime Minister’s Office. To determine the moves of overseas extremist groups and block the entry of suspicious individuals at the nation’s borders, it is indispensable to ramp up cooperation with foreign organizations.
政府は昨年１２月、首相官邸が主導して「国際テロ情報収集ユニット」を発足させた。海外の過激派組織の動向を把握し、不審者の侵入を水際で防ぐため、海外機関との連携強化が欠かせない。
Preparing against cyber-attacks is also important. Strict management of systems are needed especially for such key infrastructures as power supply and transportation networks.
サイバー攻撃への備えも大切だ。特に、電力や交通などの重要インフラについては、厳重なシステム管理が求められる。
It is necessary to keep a constant lookout for home-grown terrorism. Even in Japan, there are more than a few young people who have expressed support on the Internet for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant extremist group. The contents of their posts must be examined to nip potential crimes in the bud.
「ホームグロウン・テロ」（自国育ちのテロ）に対する警戒は怠れない。インターネット上で「イスラム国」への支持を表明する若者らは、日本にも少なくない。書き込みの内容をチェックし、犯行の芽を摘む必要がある。
Enhance security
Needless to say, it is essential to raise the proficiency of security at the venue on the assumption that terrorists will furtively reach the site.
テロリストが紛れ込んだ場合を想定し、会場警備の練度向上が必要なのは言うまでもない。
The land routes to Kashikojima island, the venue for the G-7 summit, are limited to two bridges, which may be advantageous in terms of ensuring security.
サミット会場の賢島に陸路で渡る手段が２本の橋に限られるのは警備上の利点と言える。
On the other hand, it is a cause of concern that there are many places for terrorists to conceal themselves, including rafts used for pearl-culturing and bushes on the island.
一方で、真珠の養殖いかだや島内の茂みなど、テロリストが身を隠せる場所が多いのは懸念材料である。
During the Gleneagles Summit in 2005, London, which was 600 kilometers away, became the target of multiple attacks. Strong concern has been expressed about the possibility of terrorist attacks committed in Tokyo and elsewhere this time.
２００５年の英グレンイーグルズサミットでは、約６００キロ離れたロンドンが同時テロの舞台になった。今回も、東京などでの発生を不安視する声は強い。
Attacks have occurred one after another across the globe, aiming at such soft targets as theaters and stadiums where many people from all walks of life gather. It would be impossible to protect such facilities in Japan using police forces alone.
劇場や競技場など、不特定多数の人が集まる「ソフトターゲット」を狙ったテロが世界で相次ぐ。国内のそうした施設を、警察だけで守るのは不可能だろう。
If visitors to a venue notice something out of the ordinary, they must quickly inform the authorities concerned. The operator of the facilities should cooperate to ensure security by carrying out thorough inspections of hand baggage and taking other measures.
来場者が異常に気付いた場合には、速やかに通報することが大事だ。施設側も手荷物検査の徹底などでテロ防止に協力したい。
Various international events, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, are scheduled to be hosted by Japan after the summit. Countermeasures must be beefed up from the medium- and long-term perspective.
サミット後も、２０年の東京五輪など大規模イベントが控える。中長期的な視点で、対策を強化せねばならない。
It would be worthwhile studying the introduction of a system of issuing alert levels against terrorism like those issued in the case of volcanic eruptions.
火山の噴火のように、テロの警戒レベルを公表するシステムの導入は検討に値しよう。
In-depth discussions also should be held on the advisability of easing the requirements to allow wiretapping and making conspiracy a crime.
通信傍受の要件緩和や共謀罪創設などの是非についても、議論を深めるべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 5, 2016)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
New national archives should help visitors learn real aspects of history
国立公文書館 生の歴史に触れられる施設に
Public records and archives that pass down Japan’s history are precious treasures belonging to the people. It is an important duty of the government to upgrade the National Archives of Japan in Tokyo, which collects and preserves such assets.
日本の歩みを伝える公文書は、国民の貴重な財産である。それを収集・保管する東京の国立公文書館を充実させることは政府の大切な責務だ。
A panel of experts set by the Cabinet Office has compiled a basic concept to construct a new building to house the national archives. On the basis of the plan, a subcommittee of the House of Representatives Rules and Administration Committee will start the process of selecting the construction site. We hope the selection should be made quickly.
内閣府の有識者会議が、新たな国立公文書館の基本構想をまとめた。これを受け、衆院議院運営委員会の小委員会が建設地の選定を始める。早期決定を望みたい。
Listed as proposed sites are a plot of land where the Parliamentary Museum is located near the Diet Building, and a parking lot used by buses for visitors to the Diet.
候補地に挙がったのは、国会近くの憲政記念館を含む一角と、国会参観者用のバス駐車場だ。
Of the two, what is considered as a reliable option is to demolish the aging Parliamentary Museum and construct a new facility to house the national archives together with the museum. The biggest factor in the site becoming a likely candidate is that it can secure ample floor space.
このうち、老朽化した憲政記念館を解体し、新築する施設に国立公文書館を同居させる案が有力視されている。十分な面積を確保できることが最大の要因だ。
The main office of the National Archives of Japan, located in the Kitanomaru Koen area of Tokyo’s Chiyoda Ward, is cramped, with a total floor space of 11,550 square meters. The existing national archives’ storage space, when combined with its annex building in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, is expected to reach full capacity by fiscal 2019.
北の丸公園にある現在の公文書館本館は、１万１５５０平方メートルと手狭だ。本館と茨城県つくば市の分館を合わせた収納スペースは２０１９年度にも満杯となる。
Should the construction of the new national archives be delayed, the government will be forced to study the possibility of temporarily renting shelf space from the private sector. Will it not lead to concern over the management of public documents and archives?
新公文書館の建設が遅れれば、民間の書庫を一時的に借りることを検討せざるを得ない。そうなると、公文書の管理体制などに不安が生じるのではないか。
The existing national archives compare extremely poorly to those of the United States and European countries in both hardware and software. The total bookshelf length, when the two national archives are combined, is only 72 kilometers. This is far short of the United States, which has a total length of 1,400 kilometers, and Britain, which totals 200 kilometers.
欧米諸国と比べて、現在の公文書館がハード、ソフトの両面で著しく見劣りすることは否めない。館内の書架は総延長７２キロ・メートルで、米国の１４００キロ、英国の２００キロなどに遠く及ばない。
Foster archivists
Taking these points into consideration, the basic concept has recommended that the new national archives have floor space of 40,000 to 50,000 square meters.
こうした点を踏まえ、基本構想は、新公文書館の広さについて、４万～５万平方メートル程度が望ましいと提言した。
It is also important that the basic concept has called for securing exhibition space where the temperature and humidity can be rigorously controlled.
温度や湿度の管理を徹底した展示スペースの確保を求めたのも、重要なポイントだ。
At the current national archives, the original texts of valuable public records and archives such as the Constitution of Japan are usually displayed only in the form of replicas. If the original items were displayed constantly, they could suffer damage due to poorly controlled air-conditioning and other functions.
現在の公文書館では、日本国憲法など貴重な公文書の原本については通常、レプリカの展示にとどまる。原本を常時展示すると、不十分な空調などにより、傷みが生じる恐れがあるためだ。
If visitors were able to view the original public records anytime they visited, opportunities for them to come into contact with important phases of history would increase markedly.
生の公文書がいつでも見られるようになれば、歴史の重要な局面に触れる機会が格段に増える。
It is also desirable to introduce an official qualification system, as proposed in the basic plan, to foster archivists, experts specializing in the management of public records and archives.
アーキビストと呼ばれる文書管理の専門家を育成するため、基本構想が公的資格制度の導入を求めた点も、実現に移したい。
The national archives will become more interesting to people if improvements are made in having staff plan riveting exhibitions by utilizing their expertise and catering appropriately to requests from visitors.
専門知識を生かして、興味深い展示を企画する。来館者から寄せられる要望に、的確に応える。こうしたスタッフの配置を充実させれば、公文書館が国民にとって、より身近な存在になるだろう。
Digitalizing documents at the new national archives and building a search-and-access system linked with related facilities in local communities would also help enhance the convenience of users.
文書をデジタル化し、地方の関連施設などと結ぶ検索・閲覧システムを構築することも、利用者の利便性向上につながる。
Under the tight fiscal situation, however, it would be difficult to expand the functions of the national archives immediately. The government should steadily advance plans that respect the principles of the basic concept.
厳しい財政状況の中、公文書館の機能を一足飛びに拡充させるのは困難だ。基本構想の理念を尊重した施策を着実に進めたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 4, 2016)
New national archives should help visitors learn real aspects of history
国立公文書館 生の歴史に触れられる施設に
Public records and archives that pass down Japan’s history are precious treasures belonging to the people. It is an important duty of the government to upgrade the National Archives of Japan in Tokyo, which collects and preserves such assets.
日本の歩みを伝える公文書は、国民の貴重な財産である。それを収集・保管する東京の国立公文書館を充実させることは政府の大切な責務だ。
A panel of experts set by the Cabinet Office has compiled a basic concept to construct a new building to house the national archives. On the basis of the plan, a subcommittee of the House of Representatives Rules and Administration Committee will start the process of selecting the construction site. We hope the selection should be made quickly.
内閣府の有識者会議が、新たな国立公文書館の基本構想をまとめた。これを受け、衆院議院運営委員会の小委員会が建設地の選定を始める。早期決定を望みたい。
Listed as proposed sites are a plot of land where the Parliamentary Museum is located near the Diet Building, and a parking lot used by buses for visitors to the Diet.
候補地に挙がったのは、国会近くの憲政記念館を含む一角と、国会参観者用のバス駐車場だ。
Of the two, what is considered as a reliable option is to demolish the aging Parliamentary Museum and construct a new facility to house the national archives together with the museum. The biggest factor in the site becoming a likely candidate is that it can secure ample floor space.
このうち、老朽化した憲政記念館を解体し、新築する施設に国立公文書館を同居させる案が有力視されている。十分な面積を確保できることが最大の要因だ。
The main office of the National Archives of Japan, located in the Kitanomaru Koen area of Tokyo’s Chiyoda Ward, is cramped, with a total floor space of 11,550 square meters. The existing national archives’ storage space, when combined with its annex building in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, is expected to reach full capacity by fiscal 2019.
北の丸公園にある現在の公文書館本館は、１万１５５０平方メートルと手狭だ。本館と茨城県つくば市の分館を合わせた収納スペースは２０１９年度にも満杯となる。
Should the construction of the new national archives be delayed, the government will be forced to study the possibility of temporarily renting shelf space from the private sector. Will it not lead to concern over the management of public documents and archives?
新公文書館の建設が遅れれば、民間の書庫を一時的に借りることを検討せざるを得ない。そうなると、公文書の管理体制などに不安が生じるのではないか。
The existing national archives compare extremely poorly to those of the United States and European countries in both hardware and software. The total bookshelf length, when the two national archives are combined, is only 72 kilometers. This is far short of the United States, which has a total length of 1,400 kilometers, and Britain, which totals 200 kilometers.
欧米諸国と比べて、現在の公文書館がハード、ソフトの両面で著しく見劣りすることは否めない。館内の書架は総延長７２キロ・メートルで、米国の１４００キロ、英国の２００キロなどに遠く及ばない。
Foster archivists
Taking these points into consideration, the basic concept has recommended that the new national archives have floor space of 40,000 to 50,000 square meters.
こうした点を踏まえ、基本構想は、新公文書館の広さについて、４万～５万平方メートル程度が望ましいと提言した。
It is also important that the basic concept has called for securing exhibition space where the temperature and humidity can be rigorously controlled.
温度や湿度の管理を徹底した展示スペースの確保を求めたのも、重要なポイントだ。
At the current national archives, the original texts of valuable public records and archives such as the Constitution of Japan are usually displayed only in the form of replicas. If the original items were displayed constantly, they could suffer damage due to poorly controlled air-conditioning and other functions.
現在の公文書館では、日本国憲法など貴重な公文書の原本については通常、レプリカの展示にとどまる。原本を常時展示すると、不十分な空調などにより、傷みが生じる恐れがあるためだ。
If visitors were able to view the original public records anytime they visited, opportunities for them to come into contact with important phases of history would increase markedly.
生の公文書がいつでも見られるようになれば、歴史の重要な局面に触れる機会が格段に増える。
It is also desirable to introduce an official qualification system, as proposed in the basic plan, to foster archivists, experts specializing in the management of public records and archives.
アーキビストと呼ばれる文書管理の専門家を育成するため、基本構想が公的資格制度の導入を求めた点も、実現に移したい。
The national archives will become more interesting to people if improvements are made in having staff plan riveting exhibitions by utilizing their expertise and catering appropriately to requests from visitors.
専門知識を生かして、興味深い展示を企画する。来館者から寄せられる要望に、的確に応える。こうしたスタッフの配置を充実させれば、公文書館が国民にとって、より身近な存在になるだろう。
Digitalizing documents at the new national archives and building a search-and-access system linked with related facilities in local communities would also help enhance the convenience of users.
文書をデジタル化し、地方の関連施設などと結ぶ検索・閲覧システムを構築することも、利用者の利便性向上につながる。
Under the tight fiscal situation, however, it would be difficult to expand the functions of the national archives immediately. The government should steadily advance plans that respect the principles of the basic concept.
厳しい財政状況の中、公文書館の機能を一足飛びに拡充させるのは困難だ。基本構想の理念を尊重した施策を着実に進めたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 4, 2016)
Why Prof. Krugman reveals the secret?
クルーグマン教授、議事録全文暴露の真相
クルーグマン教授が一番心配しているのは、自分の打ち立てた経済理論が崩壊させられることです。
教授は体面上、自身のメモといっているようですが、実際は、会議を全部録音しておいて、あとで、それをタイピングした。こんなところでしょう。
クルーグマン教授はアベノミクス政策が、すでに失敗しているのを認めていますが、自分が苦労して打ち立てた理論が否定されるのが怖かった。
クルーグマン教授にとって、その理論の命は金融緩和政策（財政出動）だけです。
例えそれが間違っていて結果が出なくても、さらなる間違った道、すなわち、さらなる金融緩和政策につき進むしか、道はありません。（クルーグマン教授発言参照）
クルーグマン教授にとって、構造改革や消費増税の延期などどうでもよいことですが、消費税については、きわめて婉曲的に、賛同するような、あいまいな発言を残しています。
それだけ、前もって、消費増税延期を促すような発言が期待されていたのでしょう。
それでプレッシャーがかかり、記者会見のフラッシュライトを浴びている瞬間に、議事録全文の暴露を決心したのでしょう。
会議の本質（金融緩和政策）を外れ、都合のよい部分（消費増税延期）だけを引用され、消費増税延期の理由造りの片棒を担がされることに、異常な抵抗、反抗心を燃やしたといったところです。こんなところでしょう。
以下、議事録のさわりの部分、
Fiscal policy.
では財政政策についてです。
Everything we have seen for the past seven years suggests that fiscal policy remains effective, especially effective in these circumstances. It has been very difficult to apply it, a few years of bad debt, political conflict, the Europe is divided among counties, the United States is divided between parties, but fiscal policy is effective and the global environment right now is one where economies really, really need fiscal support.
過去7年間に我々が目にしたことのすべてが、財政政策は有効であり続けたことを示しています。それも、こうした状況のなかではとりわけ有効なのです。これを採用するのは非常に難しいことであります。数年間は不良債権を抱えることになり、政治的な対立があり、ヨーロッパは国ごとに分断されており、アメリカは政党間の分断があり…。それでも、財政政策は有効であり、目下の世界的な状況こそはまさに、諸国の経済が本当に、本当に財政の支援を必要としているときなのです。
The idea that one should be prioritizing long-run budget issue over fiscal support now seems to me to be extremely misguided. Obviously I am talking about the consumption tax here.
財政による支援よりも、長期的な予算問題を優先すべし、という考えは、今は極めて見当違いなものと私には思われます。私が申し上げておりますのは、言うまでもなく、消費税のことであります。
Two points are following on all of that.
これら全てのことがらから、2つのことを言うことができます。
You notice that I did not say anything about structural reform. That is not because I am against it but because structural reform seems largely beside the point on this crucial issue of boosting demand.
〔その一つ目は、〕私が構造改革 structural reform について何も申し上げなかったことにお気づきかと存じます。私が構造改革に反対であるからというわけではありません。そうではないのですが、需要を押し上げる boosting demand という最重要課題 critical issue からはだいぶ的を外れたものと考えられるからなのです。
Some kind of structural reform might spur private investment, which is good but that is rarely what is emphasized.
ある種の構造改革は民間投資に拍車をかけることもあるかもしれません。それはよいのですが、多くの場合はそこに重点があるわけではないのです。
Some other kinds of reform, the Abenomics, by expanding the future labor force helps to offset the demographic headwinds that the economies face. また他の種類のいろいろな改革、つまりアベノミクスですが、将来の労働力を拡大することは、経済が直面している人口動態的な逆風を相殺する助けにはなります。
So all of that is good but I do worry that sometimes the talk of structural reform becomes an excuse not to deal with the primary immediate issue of sufficient demand, of fighting deflation or low-flation, inadequate inflation, which has got to rely on monetary policy.
ですから、そうしたことの全ては良いことなのですが、私がたいへんに心配しているのは、構造改革の話は、ときに、第一に差し迫った問題に対処しないための口実になることがあるということです。第一に差し迫った問題とは、十分な需要、デフレや低インフレとの戦い、不十分なインフレとの戦いといった、金融政策にかかわるものなのです。
But as I said, that has limits and on fiscal policy which needs to be more focused on that immediate need than it has been.
しかし、私が申し上げましたように、それ〔金融政策〕には限界があるのですから、財政政策の面で、この差し迫った必要に、いままでよりももっと焦点を当てる必要があるのです。
A last point, it is very important, I would argue, in this circumstance to understand that the risks are asymmetric.
そして最後の一点となりますが、これは非常に大事な点です。なにかと申しますと、この状況下では「リスクが非対称である the risks are asymmetric 」ということを理解するのがきわめて重要である、と論じさせていただきたいのです。
It could be that I am being too pessimistic and that things are going to be all right and demand would be stronger and there would be spontaneous recovery. It could be that things are even worse than I am portraying, that China is going to experience an explosive collapse, or simply that demand is going to be weaker than even my rather downbeat projections.
私が悲観的すぎるだけであって、いろんなことがうまくいって、需要はもっと強くなり、自然に回復する、ということだってありえなくはありません。〔しかしその反対に、〕私が描写したよりもさらに事態が悪化するということだってありえなくはないのです。中国が爆発的な崩壊をするとか、ただ単純に需要が私のかなり陰気な予測よりもさらに弱くなる、とかいったふうにです。
The consequences in those two circumstances are very different.
この2つの状況〔良い方か悪い方か〕では、運命 consequenses はまったく異なるものとなってしまいます。
If the world economy starts growing and inflation picks up, we know what to do. Mr. Kuroda, Mrs. Yellen, Mr. Draghi have had the tools to deal with that, no problem.
もし世界経済が成長を始めてインフレ率が上昇したならば、我々は何をすべきかわかっています。黒田氏も、イエレン氏も、ドラギ氏も、それに対処する手段を持っていることでしょう。なんら問題はありません。
If the world turns out to be weaker, then we are in deep trouble because we do not have effective tools, which mean that it is very important to err on the side of being more expansionary.
〔しかしその反対に、〕もし世界がもっと弱いことが明らかになったならば、我々は深刻なトラブルに陥っていることになります。というのも、そのとき我々は有効な手段を持っていないからです。
これが何を意味するかというと、もし間違うならば、財政拡大的〔景気拡大的〕すぎた more expansionary という方へ間違うことが非常に大事だということです。
This is an argument that my old colleague Larry Summers has made many times and I make it also. It is not simply what you expect to happen but what happens if you are wrong in either direction. It is very, very important to leave room in case you should be wrong on the downside.
私の古くからの同僚であるラリー・サマーズがよくしていた議論があるのですが、それを私も述べさせていただきたいのです。〔つまり、〕何が起きるだろうかと予測することだけが大事なのではなくて、どう予測するにせよ、予測が間違っていたら何が起きてしまうのか、ということが大事なのです。かりに事態が悪い方へ転んだ場合にも、それに対処する余地があるということが、非常に、非常に重要なことなのです。
So, this is the time for expansion. It should be coordinated as much as possible. I know the G7 Summit is coming up. Ideally we would have everyone agreeing on a coordinated fiscal expansion, in practice, that might mean Japan and Canada. I am not sure anyone else is prepared to deliver at this point but we can certainly try to have the language push in that direction.
ですから、いまは財政拡大をすべきときなのです this is the time for expantion 。できるかぎり協調的 coordinated であるべきです。G7が近づいていることは存じ上げています。理想は、みんなが強調的な財政拡大政策 fiscal expansion について合意することですが、実際にはそれは日本とカナダということになるかもしれません。それ以外の誰かに今の時点で実行の用意があるかどうか、私にはわかりません。ですが、議論 the language 〔声明？〕をその方向へ押し進めるよう試みることはできるはずです。
Japan itself needs to remain focused. The original goals of Abenomics are still the primal. Breaking out of that deflationary cycle is “Goal Number 1”. Everything else should wait upon that.
日本こそまさに集中しつづける必要があります。アベノミクスの最初からの諸目標が今でも最重要 primal なのです。デフレのサイクルから脱出することが「最重要目標 Goal Number 1」なのです。他の全てはそれを待たねばなりません。
Now I will throw it open. Thank you.
それでは以上をもって、討論へと供したく存じます I will throw it open 。ありがとうございます。
クルーグマン教授、議事録全文暴露の真相
クルーグマン教授が一番心配しているのは、自分の打ち立てた経済理論が崩壊させられることです。
教授は体面上、自身のメモといっているようですが、実際は、会議を全部録音しておいて、あとで、それをタイピングした。こんなところでしょう。
クルーグマン教授はアベノミクス政策が、すでに失敗しているのを認めていますが、自分が苦労して打ち立てた理論が否定されるのが怖かった。
クルーグマン教授にとって、その理論の命は金融緩和政策（財政出動）だけです。
例えそれが間違っていて結果が出なくても、さらなる間違った道、すなわち、さらなる金融緩和政策につき進むしか、道はありません。（クルーグマン教授発言参照）
クルーグマン教授にとって、構造改革や消費増税の延期などどうでもよいことですが、消費税については、きわめて婉曲的に、賛同するような、あいまいな発言を残しています。
それだけ、前もって、消費増税延期を促すような発言が期待されていたのでしょう。
それでプレッシャーがかかり、記者会見のフラッシュライトを浴びている瞬間に、議事録全文の暴露を決心したのでしょう。
会議の本質（金融緩和政策）を外れ、都合のよい部分（消費増税延期）だけを引用され、消費増税延期の理由造りの片棒を担がされることに、異常な抵抗、反抗心を燃やしたといったところです。こんなところでしょう。
以下、議事録のさわりの部分、
Fiscal policy.
では財政政策についてです。
Everything we have seen for the past seven years suggests that fiscal policy remains effective, especially effective in these circumstances. It has been very difficult to apply it, a few years of bad debt, political conflict, the Europe is divided among counties, the United States is divided between parties, but fiscal policy is effective and the global environment right now is one where economies really, really need fiscal support.
過去7年間に我々が目にしたことのすべてが、財政政策は有効であり続けたことを示しています。それも、こうした状況のなかではとりわけ有効なのです。これを採用するのは非常に難しいことであります。数年間は不良債権を抱えることになり、政治的な対立があり、ヨーロッパは国ごとに分断されており、アメリカは政党間の分断があり…。それでも、財政政策は有効であり、目下の世界的な状況こそはまさに、諸国の経済が本当に、本当に財政の支援を必要としているときなのです。
The idea that one should be prioritizing long-run budget issue over fiscal support now seems to me to be extremely misguided. Obviously I am talking about the consumption tax here.
財政による支援よりも、長期的な予算問題を優先すべし、という考えは、今は極めて見当違いなものと私には思われます。私が申し上げておりますのは、言うまでもなく、消費税のことであります。
Two points are following on all of that.
これら全てのことがらから、2つのことを言うことができます。
You notice that I did not say anything about structural reform. That is not because I am against it but because structural reform seems largely beside the point on this crucial issue of boosting demand.
〔その一つ目は、〕私が構造改革 structural reform について何も申し上げなかったことにお気づきかと存じます。私が構造改革に反対であるからというわけではありません。そうではないのですが、需要を押し上げる boosting demand という最重要課題 critical issue からはだいぶ的を外れたものと考えられるからなのです。
Some kind of structural reform might spur private investment, which is good but that is rarely what is emphasized.
ある種の構造改革は民間投資に拍車をかけることもあるかもしれません。それはよいのですが、多くの場合はそこに重点があるわけではないのです。
Some other kinds of reform, the Abenomics, by expanding the future labor force helps to offset the demographic headwinds that the economies face. また他の種類のいろいろな改革、つまりアベノミクスですが、将来の労働力を拡大することは、経済が直面している人口動態的な逆風を相殺する助けにはなります。
So all of that is good but I do worry that sometimes the talk of structural reform becomes an excuse not to deal with the primary immediate issue of sufficient demand, of fighting deflation or low-flation, inadequate inflation, which has got to rely on monetary policy.
ですから、そうしたことの全ては良いことなのですが、私がたいへんに心配しているのは、構造改革の話は、ときに、第一に差し迫った問題に対処しないための口実になることがあるということです。第一に差し迫った問題とは、十分な需要、デフレや低インフレとの戦い、不十分なインフレとの戦いといった、金融政策にかかわるものなのです。
But as I said, that has limits and on fiscal policy which needs to be more focused on that immediate need than it has been.
しかし、私が申し上げましたように、それ〔金融政策〕には限界があるのですから、財政政策の面で、この差し迫った必要に、いままでよりももっと焦点を当てる必要があるのです。
A last point, it is very important, I would argue, in this circumstance to understand that the risks are asymmetric.
そして最後の一点となりますが、これは非常に大事な点です。なにかと申しますと、この状況下では「リスクが非対称である the risks are asymmetric 」ということを理解するのがきわめて重要である、と論じさせていただきたいのです。
It could be that I am being too pessimistic and that things are going to be all right and demand would be stronger and there would be spontaneous recovery. It could be that things are even worse than I am portraying, that China is going to experience an explosive collapse, or simply that demand is going to be weaker than even my rather downbeat projections.
私が悲観的すぎるだけであって、いろんなことがうまくいって、需要はもっと強くなり、自然に回復する、ということだってありえなくはありません。〔しかしその反対に、〕私が描写したよりもさらに事態が悪化するということだってありえなくはないのです。中国が爆発的な崩壊をするとか、ただ単純に需要が私のかなり陰気な予測よりもさらに弱くなる、とかいったふうにです。
The consequences in those two circumstances are very different.
この2つの状況〔良い方か悪い方か〕では、運命 consequenses はまったく異なるものとなってしまいます。
If the world economy starts growing and inflation picks up, we know what to do. Mr. Kuroda, Mrs. Yellen, Mr. Draghi have had the tools to deal with that, no problem.
もし世界経済が成長を始めてインフレ率が上昇したならば、我々は何をすべきかわかっています。黒田氏も、イエレン氏も、ドラギ氏も、それに対処する手段を持っていることでしょう。なんら問題はありません。
If the world turns out to be weaker, then we are in deep trouble because we do not have effective tools, which mean that it is very important to err on the side of being more expansionary.
〔しかしその反対に、〕もし世界がもっと弱いことが明らかになったならば、我々は深刻なトラブルに陥っていることになります。というのも、そのとき我々は有効な手段を持っていないからです。
これが何を意味するかというと、もし間違うならば、財政拡大的〔景気拡大的〕すぎた more expansionary という方へ間違うことが非常に大事だということです。
This is an argument that my old colleague Larry Summers has made many times and I make it also. It is not simply what you expect to happen but what happens if you are wrong in either direction. It is very, very important to leave room in case you should be wrong on the downside.
私の古くからの同僚であるラリー・サマーズがよくしていた議論があるのですが、それを私も述べさせていただきたいのです。〔つまり、〕何が起きるだろうかと予測することだけが大事なのではなくて、どう予測するにせよ、予測が間違っていたら何が起きてしまうのか、ということが大事なのです。かりに事態が悪い方へ転んだ場合にも、それに対処する余地があるということが、非常に、非常に重要なことなのです。
So, this is the time for expansion. It should be coordinated as much as possible. I know the G7 Summit is coming up. Ideally we would have everyone agreeing on a coordinated fiscal expansion, in practice, that might mean Japan and Canada. I am not sure anyone else is prepared to deliver at this point but we can certainly try to have the language push in that direction.
ですから、いまは財政拡大をすべきときなのです this is the time for expantion 。できるかぎり協調的 coordinated であるべきです。G7が近づいていることは存じ上げています。理想は、みんなが強調的な財政拡大政策 fiscal expansion について合意することですが、実際にはそれは日本とカナダということになるかもしれません。それ以外の誰かに今の時点で実行の用意があるかどうか、私にはわかりません。ですが、議論 the language 〔声明？〕をその方向へ押し進めるよう試みることはできるはずです。
Japan itself needs to remain focused. The original goals of Abenomics are still the primal. Breaking out of that deflationary cycle is “Goal Number 1”. Everything else should wait upon that.
日本こそまさに集中しつづける必要があります。アベノミクスの最初からの諸目標が今でも最重要 primal なのです。デフレのサイクルから脱出することが「最重要目標 Goal Number 1」なのです。他の全てはそれを待たねばなりません。
Now I will throw it open. Thank you.
それでは以上をもって、討論へと供したく存じます I will throw it open 。ありがとうございます。
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Cooperation of G-7 nations crucial in order to prop up global economy
日銀短観悪化 景気下支えに重要なＧ７協調
Economic prospects are becoming increasingly uncertain.
景気の先行き不透明感が強まっている。
The headline diffusion index for business sentiment among large Japanese manufacturers stood at plus six, according to the Bank of Japan’s quarterly Tankan survey for March, down six points from the previous survey for December.
３月の日銀企業短期経済観測調査（短観）は、企業の景況感を示す業況判断指数が大企業・製造業で６となり、昨年１２月の前回調査から６ポイント低下した。
The index for large nonmanufacturers declined by three points to 22, the first decline in 18 months. The sentiment index for small and medium-size firms fell in both the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing sectors.
大企業・非製造業は、３ポイント低い２２で、１年半ぶりに悪化した。中小企業も、製造業と非製造業の指数がそろって下がった。
Due to the business slowdown in emerging economies, plus the yen’s appreciation and drops in stock prices since the turn of the year, pessimism has been growing stronger over business prospects. Slackening domestic consumption is also behind the weak index reading. It is no wonder that the current business sentiment showed a retreat.
新興国経済の減速や、年初からの円高・株安を受けて、今後の業績を不安視する見方が強まっている。国内消費が力強さを欠いていることも響いた。足元の景況感が後退するのも、無理はない。
It is a matter of concern that the index looking three months ahead shows a further deterioration in business sentiment.
問題は、３か月後を予想した先行きの指数が、景況感の一段の悪化を示していることである。
The assumed exchange rate on which this forecast is based is ¥117.00-99 to the U.S. dollar, about ¥5 weaker than the current level. If the current strength of the yen continues, corporate performance will further deteriorate.
この予想の前提となる想定為替レートは、現在より５円ほど円安の１ドル＝１１７円台だ。現在の円高水準が続けば、企業業績はさらに厳しくなろう。
To prevent an economic downturn, the government and the Bank of Japan must make all-out efforts to ensure economy-first policy management.
景気の下振れを回避するため、政府・日銀は、経済最優先の政策運営に万全を期すべきだ。
It is worrying that no growth engine can be found to drive the global economy following the slowdown of the Chinese economy.
中国経済が減速したため、世界経済の成長エンジンが見当たらないのは心配である。
Abe’s leadership tested
During a meeting with U.S. President Barack Obama in Washington on Thursday, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that the Group of Seven major countries “must lead the global economy for a certain period of time.”
安倍首相は日米首脳会談で、「しばらくはＧ７（先進７か国）が世界経済を牽引けんいんしていかなければならない」と指摘した。
It is essential for Japan, the United States and Europe to pull together and mobilize all possible policy tools such as structural reform and fiscal stimulus measures.
日米欧が連携し、構造改革や財政出動などの政策手段を総動員することが欠かせない。
At the Ise-Shima G-7 summit in Mie Prefecture set for May, Abe will be required as chair of the meeting to take the leadership in coming up with practical cooperative policies.
首相には、議長を務める５月の主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）で、実効性のある協調政策の取りまとめに、指導力を発揮することが求められる。
It is also necessary to deal with the capital flight back to developed countries, which is a factor behind the turmoil in emerging economies. A common understanding must be forged so that a hasty hike in U.S. interest rates will not cause further damage to emerging economies.
新興国経済の混乱要因である先進国への資金逆流にも、目配りが要る。米国の性急な利上げが新興国に追い打ちをかけないよう、認識をしっかり共有したい。
The latest Tankan survey shows that plant and equipment investments by major firms likely grew considerably in fiscal 2015, which ended on March 31. This is a favorable factor for realizing growth led by the private sector.
今回の短観では、２０１５年度の大企業の設備投資が、大幅に伸びる見通しとなった。民需主導の成長実現へ、明るい材料だ。
However, ordinary corporate profits are expected to decline in fiscal 2016. Amid the likely prospect that corporate achievements will hit a ceiling, businesses will be put to the test as to whether they can maintain their willingness to invest.
ただし、１６年度の経常利益は減益の予想だ。業績頭打ちが見込まれる中、企業が投資意欲を持続できるかどうかが問われる。
Firms continue to face a serious lack of manpower, so it is important for them to achieve labor saving and enhance productivity. Top corporate executives should not hesitate to make advance investments to realize new growth.
企業の「人手不足感」は引き続き強く、省力化や生産性向上の重要性は大きい。経営者は、新たな成長への先行投資を、ためらわないでもらいたい。
Policy assistance is also important to give forward-looking firms a supportive push. The government must expedite efforts to ramp up growth strategies by more quickly lowering the effective corporate tax rates and abolishing regulations hindering the market participation of new corporate entrants.
政策的な支援で、前向きな企業の背中を押すことも大事だ。政府は、法人税実効税率の引き下げペースの加速や、企業の新規参入を阻む規制の撤廃など、成長戦略の強化を急がねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 2, 2016)
Cooperation of G-7 nations crucial in order to prop up global economy
日銀短観悪化 景気下支えに重要なＧ７協調
Economic prospects are becoming increasingly uncertain.
景気の先行き不透明感が強まっている。
The headline diffusion index for business sentiment among large Japanese manufacturers stood at plus six, according to the Bank of Japan’s quarterly Tankan survey for March, down six points from the previous survey for December.
３月の日銀企業短期経済観測調査（短観）は、企業の景況感を示す業況判断指数が大企業・製造業で６となり、昨年１２月の前回調査から６ポイント低下した。
The index for large nonmanufacturers declined by three points to 22, the first decline in 18 months. The sentiment index for small and medium-size firms fell in both the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing sectors.
大企業・非製造業は、３ポイント低い２２で、１年半ぶりに悪化した。中小企業も、製造業と非製造業の指数がそろって下がった。
Due to the business slowdown in emerging economies, plus the yen’s appreciation and drops in stock prices since the turn of the year, pessimism has been growing stronger over business prospects. Slackening domestic consumption is also behind the weak index reading. It is no wonder that the current business sentiment showed a retreat.
新興国経済の減速や、年初からの円高・株安を受けて、今後の業績を不安視する見方が強まっている。国内消費が力強さを欠いていることも響いた。足元の景況感が後退するのも、無理はない。
It is a matter of concern that the index looking three months ahead shows a further deterioration in business sentiment.
問題は、３か月後を予想した先行きの指数が、景況感の一段の悪化を示していることである。
The assumed exchange rate on which this forecast is based is ¥117.00-99 to the U.S. dollar, about ¥5 weaker than the current level. If the current strength of the yen continues, corporate performance will further deteriorate.
この予想の前提となる想定為替レートは、現在より５円ほど円安の１ドル＝１１７円台だ。現在の円高水準が続けば、企業業績はさらに厳しくなろう。
To prevent an economic downturn, the government and the Bank of Japan must make all-out efforts to ensure economy-first policy management.
景気の下振れを回避するため、政府・日銀は、経済最優先の政策運営に万全を期すべきだ。
It is worrying that no growth engine can be found to drive the global economy following the slowdown of the Chinese economy.
中国経済が減速したため、世界経済の成長エンジンが見当たらないのは心配である。
Abe’s leadership tested
During a meeting with U.S. President Barack Obama in Washington on Thursday, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that the Group of Seven major countries “must lead the global economy for a certain period of time.”
安倍首相は日米首脳会談で、「しばらくはＧ７（先進７か国）が世界経済を牽引けんいんしていかなければならない」と指摘した。
It is essential for Japan, the United States and Europe to pull together and mobilize all possible policy tools such as structural reform and fiscal stimulus measures.
日米欧が連携し、構造改革や財政出動などの政策手段を総動員することが欠かせない。
At the Ise-Shima G-7 summit in Mie Prefecture set for May, Abe will be required as chair of the meeting to take the leadership in coming up with practical cooperative policies.
首相には、議長を務める５月の主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）で、実効性のある協調政策の取りまとめに、指導力を発揮することが求められる。
It is also necessary to deal with the capital flight back to developed countries, which is a factor behind the turmoil in emerging economies. A common understanding must be forged so that a hasty hike in U.S. interest rates will not cause further damage to emerging economies.
新興国経済の混乱要因である先進国への資金逆流にも、目配りが要る。米国の性急な利上げが新興国に追い打ちをかけないよう、認識をしっかり共有したい。
The latest Tankan survey shows that plant and equipment investments by major firms likely grew considerably in fiscal 2015, which ended on March 31. This is a favorable factor for realizing growth led by the private sector.
今回の短観では、２０１５年度の大企業の設備投資が、大幅に伸びる見通しとなった。民需主導の成長実現へ、明るい材料だ。
However, ordinary corporate profits are expected to decline in fiscal 2016. Amid the likely prospect that corporate achievements will hit a ceiling, businesses will be put to the test as to whether they can maintain their willingness to invest.
ただし、１６年度の経常利益は減益の予想だ。業績頭打ちが見込まれる中、企業が投資意欲を持続できるかどうかが問われる。
Firms continue to face a serious lack of manpower, so it is important for them to achieve labor saving and enhance productivity. Top corporate executives should not hesitate to make advance investments to realize new growth.
企業の「人手不足感」は引き続き強く、省力化や生産性向上の重要性は大きい。経営者は、新たな成長への先行投資を、ためらわないでもらいたい。
Policy assistance is also important to give forward-looking firms a supportive push. The government must expedite efforts to ramp up growth strategies by more quickly lowering the effective corporate tax rates and abolishing regulations hindering the market participation of new corporate entrants.
政策的な支援で、前向きな企業の背中を押すことも大事だ。政府は、法人税実効税率の引き下げペースの加速や、企業の新規参入を阻む規制の撤廃など、成長戦略の強化を急がねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 2, 2016)
プロフィール
ＨＮ：
srachai
ＨＰ：
性別：
男性
職業：
civil engineer
趣味：
子育て
自己紹介：
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
Yomiuri
Mainichi
Asahi
Japan Times
Washington Post
Newyork Times
Bangkok Post
The Nations
Phuket Gazette
[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
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英字新聞（朝日２）
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seesaaサイト内リンク一覧：
01 あいさつ
02 別れのあいさつ
03 声をかけるとき
04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
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17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
21 急いでもらいたいとき
22 待ってもらいたいとき
23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
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サイト外HPリンク一覧：
01 あいさつ
02 別れのあいさつ
03 声をかけるとき
04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
07 相手の言うことがわからないとき
08 うまく言えないとき
09 一般的なあいづち
10 よくわからないときの返事
11 強めのあいづち
12 自分について述べるとき
13 相手のことを尋ねるとき
14 頼みごとをするとき
15 申し出・依頼を断るとき
16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
21 急いでもらいたいとき
22 待ってもらいたいとき
23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
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第１４番目の戒律
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サイト外HPリンク一覧：
１４の戒律解説
第０１番目の戒律
第０２番目の戒律
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第０４番目の戒律
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第０７番目の戒律
第０８番目の戒律
第０９番目の戒律
第１０番目の戒律
第１１番目の戒律
第１２番目の戒律
第１３番目の戒律
第１４番目の戒律