読売、毎日、朝日各社英字新聞の社説を学習研究
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(Mainichi Japan) December 31, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: The importance of welcoming the New Year together
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：あなただけじゃない ／東京
The New Year's holiday is rather short this time.
今年はカレンダーの関係で年末年始の休みが少ない、という人もいるようだ。
Even if we spend only two to three days away from our workplaces, however, it is a tradition in Japan on the last day of work to tell our colleagues, "You were kind to me during this past year, have a good New Year," as well as to ask for their kindness during the new year when we see them for the first time in January.
それでもたとえ２、３日しか間があいてなくても、仕事納めの日に「今年もお世話になりました」「よいお年を」と、仕事始めの日には「今年もよろしく」とあらたまってあいさつをする。
We have formed a habit to think that everything is reset with the beginning of a new year.
正月が来るとすべてがリセットされる、というのが、私たちの社会の習慣のようだ。
However, there are things, such as sadness, illness and anguish, which unfortunately, do not disappear easily, even with the end of a year and the beginning of a new one.
でも、残念ながら悲しみや苦しみ、病などは、年が変わったからといって簡単に消えてなくなりはしない。
This year in particular, with the Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami and the ongoing nuclear disaster, I believe there are many people who will welcome 2012 with still lingering anxieties.
とくに今年は、東日本大震災などの影響で、「悩みを抱えたまま年を越す」という人が多いのではないだろうか。
We should not forget about these people.
私たちは、そういう人たちのことを忘れてはならない。
In 2008, many "temporary workers" who had lost their jobs were invited to spend New Year's Eve and the first days of 2009 in the so-called tent camp, "Toshikoshi Hakenmura," or "New Year's Village for Temporary Workers," in the Hibiya area in Tokyo.
２００８年には「年越し派遣村」ができて、“派遣切り”にあった人たちなどが東京の日比谷を中心に集まった。
The next year, the so-called "Kosetsu Hakenmura" (Public Village for Temporary Workers) was organized, inviting unemployed people, or those living alone, to spend the holiday with others. They were given food, some money to use for transportation while looking for jobs, and a place to spend these traditionally important days.
次の年の暮れには全国に「公設派遣村」がもうけられ、単身者や失業者で生活に困窮している人たちに、年末年始の居場所や食事、仕事探しための交通費などが支給された。
However, since then, there hasn't been a single large-scale "New Year's Village."
ところが、その後、大規模な「年越し村」は実施されなくなった。
I'm sure that there are many reasons, but it is a fact that there were many people who criticized such events, believing that they were used by some who "don't try hard to reconstruct their lives." Some thought of the events as a waste of taxpayer's money.
理由はひとつではないと思うが、そのひとつに「まじめに生活を再建しようとしない人までが利用している」「税金のむだづかい」といった批判の声の高まりがあったことは確かだ。
That some continued to struggle under difficult conditions while others reaped the benefits of the "villages" may have appeared unreasonable. It may have made the people at those "villages" seem coddled.
厳しい状況の中、がんばっている人たちも多い中、「年越し村」でケアを受けた人だけがいい思いをするのは理不尽に見え、甘えているだけに思えたのかもしれない。
But is this really the case?
しかし、本当にそうなのだろうか。
In my opinion, the "New Year's Villages" may have helped more than those who were the ostensible recipients of care.
「年越し村」で救われたのは、実際にそこに出かけた人だけではなかったのではないか。
A patient of mine, who is unemployed and single, told me the following at the time:
私の診察室で、ひとり暮らしで失業中の患者さんが当時、こんな話をしてくれたことがあった。
"I have my own apartment, so I welcomed the New Year there.
「私はアパートがあるから、そこでひとりで年を越しました。
But it was reassuring just knowing that if I became really lonely, I could go to Hibiya, where there would have been people and warm food."
でも、どうしても寂しくなったら、日比谷に行けば誰かがいるんだ、お雑煮もあるんだ、と思うだけでなんとなく心強かったですよ」
We all want to spend the end of a year and the beginning of a new year with someone.
年の暮れや正月こそ、誰かといっしょにすごしたい。
I assume that this feeling is even stronger among people who usually feel lonely or depressed.
ふだん孤独な人、悩んでいる人こそ、そう思うはずだ。
For those who have lost their homes, jobs, and families, all the more so.
家族や仕事、住まいを失った人は、なおさらだ。
I wish that on a year like 2011, there were such places across Japan, where everyone would gather, shoulder to shoulder, and welcome the New Year together.
今年のような年こそ、大勢の人が肩を寄せ合ってすごせる「年越し村」が全国にできてもよかったのに、と思う。
You are not the only one who feels lonely.
寂しいのは、あなただけじゃない。
We all feel that way.
みんな同じなのだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2011年12月27日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: The importance of welcoming the New Year together
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：あなただけじゃない ／東京
The New Year's holiday is rather short this time.
今年はカレンダーの関係で年末年始の休みが少ない、という人もいるようだ。
Even if we spend only two to three days away from our workplaces, however, it is a tradition in Japan on the last day of work to tell our colleagues, "You were kind to me during this past year, have a good New Year," as well as to ask for their kindness during the new year when we see them for the first time in January.
それでもたとえ２、３日しか間があいてなくても、仕事納めの日に「今年もお世話になりました」「よいお年を」と、仕事始めの日には「今年もよろしく」とあらたまってあいさつをする。
We have formed a habit to think that everything is reset with the beginning of a new year.
正月が来るとすべてがリセットされる、というのが、私たちの社会の習慣のようだ。
However, there are things, such as sadness, illness and anguish, which unfortunately, do not disappear easily, even with the end of a year and the beginning of a new one.
でも、残念ながら悲しみや苦しみ、病などは、年が変わったからといって簡単に消えてなくなりはしない。
This year in particular, with the Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami and the ongoing nuclear disaster, I believe there are many people who will welcome 2012 with still lingering anxieties.
とくに今年は、東日本大震災などの影響で、「悩みを抱えたまま年を越す」という人が多いのではないだろうか。
We should not forget about these people.
私たちは、そういう人たちのことを忘れてはならない。
In 2008, many "temporary workers" who had lost their jobs were invited to spend New Year's Eve and the first days of 2009 in the so-called tent camp, "Toshikoshi Hakenmura," or "New Year's Village for Temporary Workers," in the Hibiya area in Tokyo.
２００８年には「年越し派遣村」ができて、“派遣切り”にあった人たちなどが東京の日比谷を中心に集まった。
The next year, the so-called "Kosetsu Hakenmura" (Public Village for Temporary Workers) was organized, inviting unemployed people, or those living alone, to spend the holiday with others. They were given food, some money to use for transportation while looking for jobs, and a place to spend these traditionally important days.
次の年の暮れには全国に「公設派遣村」がもうけられ、単身者や失業者で生活に困窮している人たちに、年末年始の居場所や食事、仕事探しための交通費などが支給された。
However, since then, there hasn't been a single large-scale "New Year's Village."
ところが、その後、大規模な「年越し村」は実施されなくなった。
I'm sure that there are many reasons, but it is a fact that there were many people who criticized such events, believing that they were used by some who "don't try hard to reconstruct their lives." Some thought of the events as a waste of taxpayer's money.
理由はひとつではないと思うが、そのひとつに「まじめに生活を再建しようとしない人までが利用している」「税金のむだづかい」といった批判の声の高まりがあったことは確かだ。
That some continued to struggle under difficult conditions while others reaped the benefits of the "villages" may have appeared unreasonable. It may have made the people at those "villages" seem coddled.
厳しい状況の中、がんばっている人たちも多い中、「年越し村」でケアを受けた人だけがいい思いをするのは理不尽に見え、甘えているだけに思えたのかもしれない。
But is this really the case?
しかし、本当にそうなのだろうか。
In my opinion, the "New Year's Villages" may have helped more than those who were the ostensible recipients of care.
「年越し村」で救われたのは、実際にそこに出かけた人だけではなかったのではないか。
A patient of mine, who is unemployed and single, told me the following at the time:
私の診察室で、ひとり暮らしで失業中の患者さんが当時、こんな話をしてくれたことがあった。
"I have my own apartment, so I welcomed the New Year there.
「私はアパートがあるから、そこでひとりで年を越しました。
But it was reassuring just knowing that if I became really lonely, I could go to Hibiya, where there would have been people and warm food."
でも、どうしても寂しくなったら、日比谷に行けば誰かがいるんだ、お雑煮もあるんだ、と思うだけでなんとなく心強かったですよ」
We all want to spend the end of a year and the beginning of a new year with someone.
年の暮れや正月こそ、誰かといっしょにすごしたい。
I assume that this feeling is even stronger among people who usually feel lonely or depressed.
ふだん孤独な人、悩んでいる人こそ、そう思うはずだ。
For those who have lost their homes, jobs, and families, all the more so.
家族や仕事、住まいを失った人は、なおさらだ。
I wish that on a year like 2011, there were such places across Japan, where everyone would gather, shoulder to shoulder, and welcome the New Year together.
今年のような年こそ、大勢の人が肩を寄せ合ってすごせる「年越し村」が全国にできてもよかったのに、と思う。
You are not the only one who feels lonely.
寂しいのは、あなただけじゃない。
We all feel that way.
みんな同じなのだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2011年12月27日 地方版
PR
2011年を締めくくる英字新聞社説は毎日新聞です。
朝日新聞は本日2011年12月31日より、また英字紙の閲覧が有料となっていました。
無料配信していただければ助かるのですが＾＾。
朝日英字紙が無くなっても英語学習教材には事欠きません。
世界中の教材たちが読んでくれるのを待っているのですからね＾＾。
英語学習は実に楽しいです＾＾。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) December 31, 2011
Editorial: Overcoming the March 11 disasters
社説：回顧２０１１年 ３・１１を乗り越えて
One cannot help but wonder how the actions of Japan and the Japanese people in 2011 in response to the March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami and ensuing nuclear disaster will be evaluated by future generations.
東日本大震災に見舞われた２０１１年に、日本と日本人がとった行動は、後世にどのような評価を受けることになるのだろうか。
It was at 2:46:18 p.m., March 11, when the magnitude-9 earthquake hit.
マグニチュード９の巨大地震が起こったのは３月１１日午後２時４６分１８秒。
About three minutes later, even as tremors were still rattling northeastern Japan, a tsunami warning was issued. 揺れの続く中で約３分後に大津波警報が出された。
Scenes of whole neighborhoods being engulfed by massive waves are still fresh in our memory.
激しい水流に街全体が破壊されていく光景が私たちの目に焼き付いた。
The disasters claimed the lives of more than 15,000 people, and the number rises to nearly 20,000 if those still missing are included.
死者は１万５０００人余りを数え、行方不明者も加えると２万人に迫る未曽有の大災害だ。
This is despite the fact that the government had spent a huge amount of taxpayers' money to implement the world's best tsunami countermeasures.
膨大な資金を投じ、世界でも類のない津波対策を講じてきたにもかかわらずだ。
The disasters have reminded us that we are still vulnerable to natural threats.
自然の脅威に、私たちは今なお、脆弱（ぜいじゃく）であることを思い知らされた。
Still, the world has been amazed at the lengths to which disaster victims went to help others amid such extreme circumstances.
しかし、極限的な状況の中で被災者がとった「利他的」な行動に、世界は驚嘆した。
Also, numerous members of the Japanese public have extended support to disaster-hit areas by providing donations and working as volunteers to help disaster victims.
日本の中でも、ボランティアや義援金などの形で被災地に対する支援の輪が広がった。
It has been pointed out that regional communities in Japan have collapsed and society is increasingly divided. 共同体が崩れ、社会の分断が進んでいると言われている。
However, the actions taken by many people to help disaster victims have convinced the public that the bonds between Japanese people remain close.
しかし、日本人が「絆」で結ばれていることを確認できたのは、
This will help restore Japanese people's trust in their own society even under the sad situation brought about by the disasters.
大災害という不幸な状況下ではあるものの、社会への信頼を再認識する契機になったのではないだろうか。
We could certainly say that earthquakes are purely natural disasters if we were able to keep damage from powerful quakes to the minimum.
震災は天災である。それによって生じる被害を最小限にとどめることができれば、そう言い切ることができるだろう。
However, this was not the case in the March 11 disasters.
しかし、実際にはそうではなかった。
The crisis at the tsunami-hit Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant has demonstrated that the government and utilities had neglected to work out effective measures to respond to nuclear accidents, while weaving an illusion of safety.
福島第１原発事故は、原発の安全神話のもとに、事故への対応がいかになおざりにされてきたかを示した。
The political world's response to the disasters was also poor.
政治の動きも鈍かった。
An intensifying conflict between ruling and opposition parties under the "twisted" Diet -- in which opposition parties control the House of Councillors while the ruling coalition has an overwhelming majority in the powerful House of Representatives -- adversely affected the government's response to the disasters.
衆参のねじれの中で、先鋭化した与野党の対立が、震災や原発事故への対応にも持ち込まれてしまった。
Since manufacturing across the world is deeply interdependent, a problem in one area can spread rapidly across the globe.
世界の生産活動が密接に連携し、どこかで支障が生じると、その影響が瞬く間に広がる。
Not only the March 11 disasters in eastern Japan but also a massive flood in Thailand have demonstrated the vulnerability of supply chains.
日本での震災に加え、タイでの洪水でも示されたサプライチェーンの問題だ。
Greece's failure to take appropriate measures to address its debt crisis at an early stage has sparked a financial crisis throughout Europe.
欧州の債務危機も、ギリシャの段階で適切な措置がとられず、欧州全体に危機が広がっていった。
Now, all countries' risk- and crisis-management abilities are being tested.
さまざまなリスクに対する対応力が問われているわけだが、
In particular, the Fukushima nuclear crisis has highlighted to the world Japan's poor ability to respond to crises. 特に原発事故は、日本の対応力の低さを世界に示した格好だ。
Furthermore, the government's confusion over its submission of an environmental assessment report on the relocation of U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa to the prefectural government is also a noteworthy example of a decline in its response to difficult policy issues.
また、普天間飛行場移設をめぐる環境影響評価問題での政府の醜態も、対応力の劣化という点で特筆すべき事例だろう。
In no other year has the need for the government and companies to rebuild their risk- and crisis-management abilities been highlighted as it has in 2011.
政治や行政に企業も含め、リスクへの対応力の再構築が必要であることが、今年ほど鮮明になった年はない。
It will take a long time, a massive amount of resources and much patience to restore disaster-ravaged areas, bring the crippled Fukushima nuclear reactors under control and decontaminate areas tainted with radioactive substances leaking from the plant.
震災からの復興、原発事故の収束と放射性物質の除染には、長い時間と多くの資源、そして忍耐を費やさなければならない。
There are many risks involved in each stage of these processes.
その過程でも多くのリスクが待ち受けている。
In 2012, whether Japan can improve its abilities to respond to risks and crises and overcome damage caused by the March 11 disasters will be tested.
それへの対応力をつけ、３・１１を乗り越えていけるのか。来年は、それが問われる年になる。
毎日新聞 2011年12月31日 東京朝刊
朝日新聞は本日2011年12月31日より、また英字紙の閲覧が有料となっていました。
無料配信していただければ助かるのですが＾＾。
朝日英字紙が無くなっても英語学習教材には事欠きません。
世界中の教材たちが読んでくれるのを待っているのですからね＾＾。
英語学習は実に楽しいです＾＾。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) December 31, 2011
Editorial: Overcoming the March 11 disasters
社説：回顧２０１１年 ３・１１を乗り越えて
One cannot help but wonder how the actions of Japan and the Japanese people in 2011 in response to the March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami and ensuing nuclear disaster will be evaluated by future generations.
東日本大震災に見舞われた２０１１年に、日本と日本人がとった行動は、後世にどのような評価を受けることになるのだろうか。
It was at 2:46:18 p.m., March 11, when the magnitude-9 earthquake hit.
マグニチュード９の巨大地震が起こったのは３月１１日午後２時４６分１８秒。
About three minutes later, even as tremors were still rattling northeastern Japan, a tsunami warning was issued. 揺れの続く中で約３分後に大津波警報が出された。
Scenes of whole neighborhoods being engulfed by massive waves are still fresh in our memory.
激しい水流に街全体が破壊されていく光景が私たちの目に焼き付いた。
The disasters claimed the lives of more than 15,000 people, and the number rises to nearly 20,000 if those still missing are included.
死者は１万５０００人余りを数え、行方不明者も加えると２万人に迫る未曽有の大災害だ。
This is despite the fact that the government had spent a huge amount of taxpayers' money to implement the world's best tsunami countermeasures.
膨大な資金を投じ、世界でも類のない津波対策を講じてきたにもかかわらずだ。
The disasters have reminded us that we are still vulnerable to natural threats.
自然の脅威に、私たちは今なお、脆弱（ぜいじゃく）であることを思い知らされた。
Still, the world has been amazed at the lengths to which disaster victims went to help others amid such extreme circumstances.
しかし、極限的な状況の中で被災者がとった「利他的」な行動に、世界は驚嘆した。
Also, numerous members of the Japanese public have extended support to disaster-hit areas by providing donations and working as volunteers to help disaster victims.
日本の中でも、ボランティアや義援金などの形で被災地に対する支援の輪が広がった。
It has been pointed out that regional communities in Japan have collapsed and society is increasingly divided. 共同体が崩れ、社会の分断が進んでいると言われている。
However, the actions taken by many people to help disaster victims have convinced the public that the bonds between Japanese people remain close.
しかし、日本人が「絆」で結ばれていることを確認できたのは、
This will help restore Japanese people's trust in their own society even under the sad situation brought about by the disasters.
大災害という不幸な状況下ではあるものの、社会への信頼を再認識する契機になったのではないだろうか。
We could certainly say that earthquakes are purely natural disasters if we were able to keep damage from powerful quakes to the minimum.
震災は天災である。それによって生じる被害を最小限にとどめることができれば、そう言い切ることができるだろう。
However, this was not the case in the March 11 disasters.
しかし、実際にはそうではなかった。
The crisis at the tsunami-hit Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant has demonstrated that the government and utilities had neglected to work out effective measures to respond to nuclear accidents, while weaving an illusion of safety.
福島第１原発事故は、原発の安全神話のもとに、事故への対応がいかになおざりにされてきたかを示した。
The political world's response to the disasters was also poor.
政治の動きも鈍かった。
An intensifying conflict between ruling and opposition parties under the "twisted" Diet -- in which opposition parties control the House of Councillors while the ruling coalition has an overwhelming majority in the powerful House of Representatives -- adversely affected the government's response to the disasters.
衆参のねじれの中で、先鋭化した与野党の対立が、震災や原発事故への対応にも持ち込まれてしまった。
Since manufacturing across the world is deeply interdependent, a problem in one area can spread rapidly across the globe.
世界の生産活動が密接に連携し、どこかで支障が生じると、その影響が瞬く間に広がる。
Not only the March 11 disasters in eastern Japan but also a massive flood in Thailand have demonstrated the vulnerability of supply chains.
日本での震災に加え、タイでの洪水でも示されたサプライチェーンの問題だ。
Greece's failure to take appropriate measures to address its debt crisis at an early stage has sparked a financial crisis throughout Europe.
欧州の債務危機も、ギリシャの段階で適切な措置がとられず、欧州全体に危機が広がっていった。
Now, all countries' risk- and crisis-management abilities are being tested.
さまざまなリスクに対する対応力が問われているわけだが、
In particular, the Fukushima nuclear crisis has highlighted to the world Japan's poor ability to respond to crises. 特に原発事故は、日本の対応力の低さを世界に示した格好だ。
Furthermore, the government's confusion over its submission of an environmental assessment report on the relocation of U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa to the prefectural government is also a noteworthy example of a decline in its response to difficult policy issues.
また、普天間飛行場移設をめぐる環境影響評価問題での政府の醜態も、対応力の劣化という点で特筆すべき事例だろう。
In no other year has the need for the government and companies to rebuild their risk- and crisis-management abilities been highlighted as it has in 2011.
政治や行政に企業も含め、リスクへの対応力の再構築が必要であることが、今年ほど鮮明になった年はない。
It will take a long time, a massive amount of resources and much patience to restore disaster-ravaged areas, bring the crippled Fukushima nuclear reactors under control and decontaminate areas tainted with radioactive substances leaking from the plant.
震災からの復興、原発事故の収束と放射性物質の除染には、長い時間と多くの資源、そして忍耐を費やさなければならない。
There are many risks involved in each stage of these processes.
その過程でも多くのリスクが待ち受けている。
In 2012, whether Japan can improve its abilities to respond to risks and crises and overcome damage caused by the March 11 disasters will be tested.
それへの対応力をつけ、３・１１を乗り越えていけるのか。来年は、それが問われる年になる。
毎日新聞 2011年12月31日 東京朝刊
専門用語：
renewable energy 再生可能エネルギー（＝自然エネルギー）
再生可能エネルギーは新聞社による英語よりの翻訳ですが、自然エネルギーというほうが分かりやすいのかもしれませんね。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) December 29, 2011
Editorial: Gov't should promote renewable energy as myth of nuclear power's cheapness shattered
社説：原発コスト 「安価神話」も崩壊した
"The cost of nuclear power generation is cheap" -- we have repeatedly heard such a line as part of the reasoning for promoting nuclear energy.
「原発の発電コストは安い」。これまで原発推進のひとつの根拠として繰り返されてきた言葉である。
The myth of the cheapness of nuclear power generation collapsed following the catastrophe at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant.
東京電力福島第１原発の大事故を経て、この「安価神話」が崩れた。
A government panel set up in the wake of the nuclear disaster estimates that the cost of nuclear power generation now stands at a minimum of 8.9 yen per kilowatt hour -- 1.5 times higher than the figure presented by utilities and the government before the disaster.
事故後、原発コストの見直しを進めてきた政府の「コスト等検証委員会」の試算によると原発の発電コストは最低でも１キロワット時当たり８．９円。これまで電力会社や政府が提示してきたコストの１．５倍となる。
If the costs for decontaminating areas affected by radioactive materials, decommissioning the damaged reactors at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant and compensating for damages emanating from the nuclear crisis soar further, the cost of nuclear power generation would be even higher.
放射性物質の除染や廃炉、損害の費用など今後の事故処理の費用がかさめば、さらにコストは増す。
Considering the fact that the costs of coal-fired power generation and liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled power generation stand at somewhere near 10 yen per kilowatt hour, respectively, the superiority that nuclear power generation had enjoyed in terms of "cost performance" can be said to have been shattered.
石炭火力、液化天然ガス（ＬＮＧ）火力が１０円前後であることを思えば、原発のコストの優位性は大きく揺らいだといえる。
Even wind power generation and geothermal power generation could rival with nuclear power generation in terms of cost performance depending on conditions, while the cost of solar power generation is likely to become cheaper in 20 years time.
風力や地熱も条件がよければ原子力に対抗でき、太陽光も２０年後にはそれなりに安くなる可能性が示されている。
The government should take this opportunity to proceed with full-scale measures to invest in and promote renewable energy sources, which had previously been shunned for their "high costs."
政府はこれをきっかけに、「コスト高」を理由に敬遠されてきた再生可能エネルギーへの投資と推進政策を本気になって進めるべきだ。
What makes the government panel's latest estimation significantly different from previous calculations is that the panel took into consideration the social costs emanating from nuclear power generation, such as accident risks, on top of the expenses for the construction, operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants as well as their fuel costs.
今回の試算がこれまでと大きく違う点は、建設費や運転維持費、燃料費などに加え、事故リスクや二酸化炭素対応といった社会的コストも勘案した点だ。
In hindsight, it was a mistake that we failed to take into account accident risks involving nuclear plants.
考えてみれば、これまで事故リスクを度外視してきたことが間違いだった。
It shows that the myths of the safety and the cheapness of nuclear power generation were closely intertwined with each other.
「安全神話」と「安価神話」はセットになっていたことになる。
The government panel has also indicated that energy savings per household are tantamount to generating power and pointed to the potential of a dispersed power system, to which we should pay renewed attention.
検証委は家庭の省エネは発電に等しいという考え方や分散型電源の潜在力も示している。
The panel's estimates should be indicating the feasibility of the government's policy of cutting down on nuclear power generation.
改めて注目したい。こうした試算を踏まえれば、今後原発を減らしていくという政府の「脱原発依存」の実現性が見えてくるはずだ。
In the meantime, we should take heed of the fact that the figures currently presented are highly uncertain.
現時点で示された数値は不確実性が高いことにも留意したい。
Experts were sharply divided in their opinions over how nuclear accident risks should be evaluated when they were discussing how they should calculate the latest estimates.
試算の過程では、原発事故のリスクをどう評価するかで、専門家の意見が大きく割れた。
While some experts projected that the odds of such a serious accident as the Fukushima disaster happening were once every 100,000 years, their opinions are way too different from ordinary people's feelings considering the fact that we have seen three major nuclear accidents across the globe -- Three Mile Island in the United States in 1979, Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union in 1986, and Fukushima in 2011 -- over the past several decades.
今回のような深刻な事故が起きる確率を「１０万年に１回」と仮定する専門家もいたが、米スリーマイル島原発、旧ソ連のチェルノブイリ原発の事故に、今回の福島の事故を考えあわせると普通の人の感覚とかけ離れている。
It should be noted that the government panel has given minimum estimates because it excluded accident probabilities from their estimates for nuclear accident risk-related costs.
検証委は今回、事故確率を含まない方法で事故リスク対応費をはじいたが、もっとも低い見積もりであることを忘れてはならない。
The panel has also indicated that the cost of the nuclear fuel cycle -- which the government describes as the core of Japan's nuclear energy policy -- is almost twice that of direct disposal.
日本が原子力政策の要とする核燃料サイクルも直接処分に比べ約２倍高いという試算が示されている。
The nuclear fuel cycle program, albeit the large amount of money spent on it, should be reviewed from square one.
これまでつぎこんだ費用は大きいが、ゼロから考え直すべきだ。
The panel's estimates should be examined by people from various quarters in order for Japan to come up with the best mix of energy policies.
今後は、こうした試算をさまざまな立場の人が検証しつつ、エネルギーのベストミックスを考えていく必要がある。
Those estimates should serve as the first step toward achieving such diverse energy policies.
試算をそのスタートとしたい。
毎日新聞 2011年12月26日 2時31分
renewable energy 再生可能エネルギー（＝自然エネルギー）
再生可能エネルギーは新聞社による英語よりの翻訳ですが、自然エネルギーというほうが分かりやすいのかもしれませんね。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) December 29, 2011
Editorial: Gov't should promote renewable energy as myth of nuclear power's cheapness shattered
社説：原発コスト 「安価神話」も崩壊した
"The cost of nuclear power generation is cheap" -- we have repeatedly heard such a line as part of the reasoning for promoting nuclear energy.
「原発の発電コストは安い」。これまで原発推進のひとつの根拠として繰り返されてきた言葉である。
The myth of the cheapness of nuclear power generation collapsed following the catastrophe at the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant.
東京電力福島第１原発の大事故を経て、この「安価神話」が崩れた。
A government panel set up in the wake of the nuclear disaster estimates that the cost of nuclear power generation now stands at a minimum of 8.9 yen per kilowatt hour -- 1.5 times higher than the figure presented by utilities and the government before the disaster.
事故後、原発コストの見直しを進めてきた政府の「コスト等検証委員会」の試算によると原発の発電コストは最低でも１キロワット時当たり８．９円。これまで電力会社や政府が提示してきたコストの１．５倍となる。
If the costs for decontaminating areas affected by radioactive materials, decommissioning the damaged reactors at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant and compensating for damages emanating from the nuclear crisis soar further, the cost of nuclear power generation would be even higher.
放射性物質の除染や廃炉、損害の費用など今後の事故処理の費用がかさめば、さらにコストは増す。
Considering the fact that the costs of coal-fired power generation and liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled power generation stand at somewhere near 10 yen per kilowatt hour, respectively, the superiority that nuclear power generation had enjoyed in terms of "cost performance" can be said to have been shattered.
石炭火力、液化天然ガス（ＬＮＧ）火力が１０円前後であることを思えば、原発のコストの優位性は大きく揺らいだといえる。
Even wind power generation and geothermal power generation could rival with nuclear power generation in terms of cost performance depending on conditions, while the cost of solar power generation is likely to become cheaper in 20 years time.
風力や地熱も条件がよければ原子力に対抗でき、太陽光も２０年後にはそれなりに安くなる可能性が示されている。
The government should take this opportunity to proceed with full-scale measures to invest in and promote renewable energy sources, which had previously been shunned for their "high costs."
政府はこれをきっかけに、「コスト高」を理由に敬遠されてきた再生可能エネルギーへの投資と推進政策を本気になって進めるべきだ。
What makes the government panel's latest estimation significantly different from previous calculations is that the panel took into consideration the social costs emanating from nuclear power generation, such as accident risks, on top of the expenses for the construction, operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants as well as their fuel costs.
今回の試算がこれまでと大きく違う点は、建設費や運転維持費、燃料費などに加え、事故リスクや二酸化炭素対応といった社会的コストも勘案した点だ。
In hindsight, it was a mistake that we failed to take into account accident risks involving nuclear plants.
考えてみれば、これまで事故リスクを度外視してきたことが間違いだった。
It shows that the myths of the safety and the cheapness of nuclear power generation were closely intertwined with each other.
「安全神話」と「安価神話」はセットになっていたことになる。
The government panel has also indicated that energy savings per household are tantamount to generating power and pointed to the potential of a dispersed power system, to which we should pay renewed attention.
検証委は家庭の省エネは発電に等しいという考え方や分散型電源の潜在力も示している。
The panel's estimates should be indicating the feasibility of the government's policy of cutting down on nuclear power generation.
改めて注目したい。こうした試算を踏まえれば、今後原発を減らしていくという政府の「脱原発依存」の実現性が見えてくるはずだ。
In the meantime, we should take heed of the fact that the figures currently presented are highly uncertain.
現時点で示された数値は不確実性が高いことにも留意したい。
Experts were sharply divided in their opinions over how nuclear accident risks should be evaluated when they were discussing how they should calculate the latest estimates.
試算の過程では、原発事故のリスクをどう評価するかで、専門家の意見が大きく割れた。
While some experts projected that the odds of such a serious accident as the Fukushima disaster happening were once every 100,000 years, their opinions are way too different from ordinary people's feelings considering the fact that we have seen three major nuclear accidents across the globe -- Three Mile Island in the United States in 1979, Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union in 1986, and Fukushima in 2011 -- over the past several decades.
今回のような深刻な事故が起きる確率を「１０万年に１回」と仮定する専門家もいたが、米スリーマイル島原発、旧ソ連のチェルノブイリ原発の事故に、今回の福島の事故を考えあわせると普通の人の感覚とかけ離れている。
It should be noted that the government panel has given minimum estimates because it excluded accident probabilities from their estimates for nuclear accident risk-related costs.
検証委は今回、事故確率を含まない方法で事故リスク対応費をはじいたが、もっとも低い見積もりであることを忘れてはならない。
The panel has also indicated that the cost of the nuclear fuel cycle -- which the government describes as the core of Japan's nuclear energy policy -- is almost twice that of direct disposal.
日本が原子力政策の要とする核燃料サイクルも直接処分に比べ約２倍高いという試算が示されている。
The nuclear fuel cycle program, albeit the large amount of money spent on it, should be reviewed from square one.
これまでつぎこんだ費用は大きいが、ゼロから考え直すべきだ。
The panel's estimates should be examined by people from various quarters in order for Japan to come up with the best mix of energy policies.
今後は、こうした試算をさまざまな立場の人が検証しつつ、エネルギーのベストミックスを考えていく必要がある。
Those estimates should serve as the first step toward achieving such diverse energy policies.
試算をそのスタートとしたい。
毎日新聞 2011年12月26日 2時31分
米国議会のほうが先に手を引き始めたような印象を受けました。
沖縄の米軍基地はやはり国外移設が妥当ではないのでしょうか。
抑止力、本気でアメリカに期待できますか？
自国の自治、統治権を守るのはやはり日本の自衛隊でしょう。
20代のころ名古屋の栄（さかえ）のテレビ塔の下をブラブラしていたら、自衛隊に入りませんかって勧誘されたことがあります。自衛隊も人材不足なのでしょうね。特に制服組は。
（スラチャイ）
--The Asahi Shimbun, Dec. 28
EDITORIAL: Rethink needed for Futenma relocation plan
辺野古アセス―またまた見切り発車だ
In continued disregard of Okinawa Prefecture's vehement opposition to the planned relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to the Henoko district in Nago, the Democratic Party of Japan administration has delivered to the Okinawa prefectural government an environmental assessment report on the construction of a new offshore runway.
沖縄県の米軍普天間飛行場移設問題で、民主党政権がまた「見切り発車」を重ねた。
名護市辺野古沖を埋め立てて代替滑走路をつくるための環境影響評価（アセスメント）の評価書を県に送ろうとしたのだ。
In early November, the Okinawa prefectural assembly unanimously adopted a statement demanding that the central government abandon the submission of such an environmental assessment report. Later that month, the director-general of the Okinawa Defense Bureau outraged the people of Okinawa by using a rape analogy to explain Tokyo's reluctance to set the submission date of the assessment report.
沖縄県議会が全会一致で反対決議をするなど、地元の拒否姿勢は明確だ。１１月には、沖縄防衛局長が提出時期をめぐって「犯す前に犯すよと言いますか」という趣旨の暴言をはき、反発の火に油を注いでいた。
Determined to stop Tokyo from having its way, Okinawan protesters gathered outside the prefectural government building on Dec. 27, surrounded the van carrying the report, and prevented the report from being handed over to Okinawa Governor Hirokazu Nakaima.
反対派の市民らに、配送業者による県庁への搬入が阻止されるという異常事態は、この問題の難しさを象徴している。
But the administration of Yoshihiko Noda delivered the report to Nakaima on Dec. 28 because of its earlier promise to Washington to submit it by the end of this year. But the U.S. Congress recently decided to cut expenditures from the 2012 budget for the transfer of Marines from Okinawa to Guam, which was part of the relocation package. Saddled with massive deficits, the Americans are not saving military spending from the ax.
それでも野田政権が行政手続きを進めるのは、「年内提出」を米国に事実上約束していたからだ。しかし、その米国では上下両院が、辺野古移設とセットの沖縄海兵隊のグアム移転費用を１２会計年度予算から削除した。膨大な財政赤字を抱え、軍事費といえども聖域ではなくなっているのだ。
Nakaima was not opposed to Tokyo's submission of the environmental assessment report per se. But he has always stood for Futenma's relocation to outside Okinawa or overseas, and stated his unequivocal opposition to the reclamation of the sea off Henoko.
沖縄県の仲井真弘多（ひろかず）知事は、評価書の提出自体は容認した。しかし、県外・国外移設を求める立場は崩しておらず、埋め立てを認めない意向も明言した。
Although Nakaima welcomed Tokyo's decision to substantially increase its Okinawa promotion budget for fiscal 2012, the fact that he was re-elected governor on his anti-Henoko platform makes it most unlikely that he would go against public opinion in his prefecture on this issue.
来年度の沖縄振興予算が大幅に増額されたことは評価しても、辺野古反対を掲げて再選した経緯からいって、県民世論の大勢に反して受け入れることはあるまい。
May 2012 will mark the 40th anniversary of Okinawa's reversion to Japan, and a prefectural assembly election is slated for June. The Noda administration is looking to file an application for reclamation with Nakaima next summer after the completion of environmental assessment procedures, but to do so would only fan the distrust and anger of the people of Okinawa.
沖縄は来年、５月に本土復帰４０年を迎え、６月には県議選がある「政治の季節」になる。野田政権はアセス完了後、来夏にも、知事への埋め立て免許申請を視野に入れるが、そんなことをすれば、沖縄の不信と反発をいっそう大きくするだけだ。
Tokyo and Washington must stop and think.
日米両政府は、いまこそ立ち止まるべきだ。
Henoko was chosen as the relocation site after lengthy negotiations between Tokyo and Washington to reconcile the two conflicting goals of easing Okinawa's burden and maintaining the deterrence power of U.S. forces in Japan. Given the history, we certainly appreciate the difficulty of reviewing the whole plan from scratch to seek a new solution.
辺野古案は沖縄の負担軽減と在日米軍の抑止力維持という、矛盾する二つの目的を両立させようと、両政府が長い交渉を経てまとめたものだ。その努力を踏まえれば、白紙から見直しても簡単に新しい解決策を見つけるのは難しいだろう。
But that is the only option if any progress is to be made at all.
だが、それ以上に現状には展望がない。
Next year, presidential elections or leadership changes will take place in the United States, China, Russia, South Korea and Taiwan. And with the recent death of Kim Jong Il in North Korea, the situation in East Asia has grown less predictable.
来年は米国、中国、ロシア、韓国、台湾で、最高指導者を選ぶ選挙や指導層の交代が予定されている。北朝鮮の代替わりもあり、東アジア情勢は不透明感を増している。
An unsteady Japan-U.S. relationship will destabilize the region and weaken the diplomatic bases of both partners.
日米関係が揺らげば、地域の安定を損ない、双方の外交基盤を弱めるだけだ。
Seeking a new solution is a daunting challenge that also requires every care along the way. But the leaders of both Japan and the United States must accept the fact that this is their only option.
打開策を探る作業は困難で、細心の注意を要するが、立ち向かうしか道はない。日米の政治指導者は、そう覚悟すべきだ。
沖縄の米軍基地はやはり国外移設が妥当ではないのでしょうか。
抑止力、本気でアメリカに期待できますか？
自国の自治、統治権を守るのはやはり日本の自衛隊でしょう。
20代のころ名古屋の栄（さかえ）のテレビ塔の下をブラブラしていたら、自衛隊に入りませんかって勧誘されたことがあります。自衛隊も人材不足なのでしょうね。特に制服組は。
（スラチャイ）
--The Asahi Shimbun, Dec. 28
EDITORIAL: Rethink needed for Futenma relocation plan
辺野古アセス―またまた見切り発車だ
In continued disregard of Okinawa Prefecture's vehement opposition to the planned relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to the Henoko district in Nago, the Democratic Party of Japan administration has delivered to the Okinawa prefectural government an environmental assessment report on the construction of a new offshore runway.
沖縄県の米軍普天間飛行場移設問題で、民主党政権がまた「見切り発車」を重ねた。
名護市辺野古沖を埋め立てて代替滑走路をつくるための環境影響評価（アセスメント）の評価書を県に送ろうとしたのだ。
In early November, the Okinawa prefectural assembly unanimously adopted a statement demanding that the central government abandon the submission of such an environmental assessment report. Later that month, the director-general of the Okinawa Defense Bureau outraged the people of Okinawa by using a rape analogy to explain Tokyo's reluctance to set the submission date of the assessment report.
沖縄県議会が全会一致で反対決議をするなど、地元の拒否姿勢は明確だ。１１月には、沖縄防衛局長が提出時期をめぐって「犯す前に犯すよと言いますか」という趣旨の暴言をはき、反発の火に油を注いでいた。
Determined to stop Tokyo from having its way, Okinawan protesters gathered outside the prefectural government building on Dec. 27, surrounded the van carrying the report, and prevented the report from being handed over to Okinawa Governor Hirokazu Nakaima.
反対派の市民らに、配送業者による県庁への搬入が阻止されるという異常事態は、この問題の難しさを象徴している。
But the administration of Yoshihiko Noda delivered the report to Nakaima on Dec. 28 because of its earlier promise to Washington to submit it by the end of this year. But the U.S. Congress recently decided to cut expenditures from the 2012 budget for the transfer of Marines from Okinawa to Guam, which was part of the relocation package. Saddled with massive deficits, the Americans are not saving military spending from the ax.
それでも野田政権が行政手続きを進めるのは、「年内提出」を米国に事実上約束していたからだ。しかし、その米国では上下両院が、辺野古移設とセットの沖縄海兵隊のグアム移転費用を１２会計年度予算から削除した。膨大な財政赤字を抱え、軍事費といえども聖域ではなくなっているのだ。
Nakaima was not opposed to Tokyo's submission of the environmental assessment report per se. But he has always stood for Futenma's relocation to outside Okinawa or overseas, and stated his unequivocal opposition to the reclamation of the sea off Henoko.
沖縄県の仲井真弘多（ひろかず）知事は、評価書の提出自体は容認した。しかし、県外・国外移設を求める立場は崩しておらず、埋め立てを認めない意向も明言した。
Although Nakaima welcomed Tokyo's decision to substantially increase its Okinawa promotion budget for fiscal 2012, the fact that he was re-elected governor on his anti-Henoko platform makes it most unlikely that he would go against public opinion in his prefecture on this issue.
来年度の沖縄振興予算が大幅に増額されたことは評価しても、辺野古反対を掲げて再選した経緯からいって、県民世論の大勢に反して受け入れることはあるまい。
May 2012 will mark the 40th anniversary of Okinawa's reversion to Japan, and a prefectural assembly election is slated for June. The Noda administration is looking to file an application for reclamation with Nakaima next summer after the completion of environmental assessment procedures, but to do so would only fan the distrust and anger of the people of Okinawa.
沖縄は来年、５月に本土復帰４０年を迎え、６月には県議選がある「政治の季節」になる。野田政権はアセス完了後、来夏にも、知事への埋め立て免許申請を視野に入れるが、そんなことをすれば、沖縄の不信と反発をいっそう大きくするだけだ。
Tokyo and Washington must stop and think.
日米両政府は、いまこそ立ち止まるべきだ。
Henoko was chosen as the relocation site after lengthy negotiations between Tokyo and Washington to reconcile the two conflicting goals of easing Okinawa's burden and maintaining the deterrence power of U.S. forces in Japan. Given the history, we certainly appreciate the difficulty of reviewing the whole plan from scratch to seek a new solution.
辺野古案は沖縄の負担軽減と在日米軍の抑止力維持という、矛盾する二つの目的を両立させようと、両政府が長い交渉を経てまとめたものだ。その努力を踏まえれば、白紙から見直しても簡単に新しい解決策を見つけるのは難しいだろう。
But that is the only option if any progress is to be made at all.
だが、それ以上に現状には展望がない。
Next year, presidential elections or leadership changes will take place in the United States, China, Russia, South Korea and Taiwan. And with the recent death of Kim Jong Il in North Korea, the situation in East Asia has grown less predictable.
来年は米国、中国、ロシア、韓国、台湾で、最高指導者を選ぶ選挙や指導層の交代が予定されている。北朝鮮の代替わりもあり、東アジア情勢は不透明感を増している。
An unsteady Japan-U.S. relationship will destabilize the region and weaken the diplomatic bases of both partners.
日米関係が揺らげば、地域の安定を損ない、双方の外交基盤を弱めるだけだ。
Seeking a new solution is a daunting challenge that also requires every care along the way. But the leaders of both Japan and the United States must accept the fact that this is their only option.
打開策を探る作業は困難で、細心の注意を要するが、立ち向かうしか道はない。日米の政治指導者は、そう覚悟すべきだ。
今朝、英字新聞各社をチェックして、また腰が抜けちゃいました。
朝日新聞英字紙が無料で閲覧できるようになっていました。
やはり新聞は無料だと助かります。ありがとうございます。
（スラチャイ）
--The Asahi Shimbun, Dec. 27
EDITORIAL: Fukushima report highlights crisis management flaws
原発事故報告―危機を想定せぬ愚かさ
A report on an investigation into the Fukushima nuclear disaster has made us wonder if the operator of the crippled plant put blind faith in the facility because of the "safety myth" created by propaganda to promote nuclear power generation.
The interim report was published on Dec. 26 by a government panel looking into the disastrous accident at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant triggered by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami.
原発ＰＲの安全神話によって原子力の当事者自身も安全ぼけに陥ってはいなかったか。
福島第一原発をめぐる政府の事故調査・検証委員会中間報告を読むと、そう思わせる。
At the No. 1 reactor, members of the task force at the plant and the head office of Tokyo Electric Power Co., which operates the plant, initially failed to recognize that an isolation condenser, which is intended to cool the reactor during a blackout, was not working, according to the report.
１号機では当初、停電時に炉を冷やす非常用復水器の機能が不全だったのを、発電所も東京電力本社も気づかなかった。
The report bitterly criticized TEPCO for lacking sufficient understanding of how the condenser works. "As a nuclear power plant operator, it was highly inappropriate," said the report. The fact indicates how little importance TEPCO engineers placed on such a system to deal with an emergency.
装置のしくみを十分理解していなかったことを、中間報告は「原子力事業者として極めて不適切」と批判する。技術陣にとって、非常のための装置がどれほど遠い存在だったかわかる。
The interim report also addressed problems concerning facilities outside the plant, such as the off-site center located 5 kilometers away. The center failed to perform its functions as the front-line base to respond to a nuclear accident. That's because the center was not designed to function under circumstances of heightened levels of radiation even though it is a facility to be used when an accident has broken out at the nuclear power plant.
（中間報告書は原発から5kmのところにある外部センターについても言及している。
外部センターは原発事故の際に最前線となる機能を失っていた。
その原因は実際の原発事故に対応できる設計ではなかったことによる。）
（この部分の日本語なし、で、スラチャイが訳しました）
The document, naturally, also raised the issue of the fact that data of the government's System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information (SPEEDI), a system to predict the spread of radioactive materials during a nuclear emergency, was not used for the evacuation of residents in areas around the disaster-stricken plant. The government "didn't have the thought of publicizing SPEEDI information," according to the report. Why did the government decide to spend taxpayers' money to build the system in the first place if it didn't think about communicating information it generates to local residents?
（政府肝いりの原発事故の際に使われるべきSPEEDIも、事故の際に使われなかった。
政府はSPEEDIのデータを公開していなかったのだ。
最初から国民のために使う気がないシステムを政府は何故導入したのか。アホか＾＾。）
（この部分の日本語なし、で、スラチャイが訳しました）
The inquiry panel also pointed an accusing finger at the prime minister's office. The report said there was not enough mutual communication between the underground crisis management center, where top officials of ministries and agencies concerned gathered, and the room on the fifth floor where the prime minister and his close aides worked to deal with the situation.
報告は首相官邸も批判した。省庁幹部が集まる地下の危機管理センターと、首相らが陣取る５階との連絡が互いに十分でなかったと指摘している。
The report painted a distressing picture of how top officials at TEPCO and the government got flustered in the face of the nuclear crisis as they lacked knowledge about what to do in such a severe event. We applaud the investigation panel for shedding light on this disturbing truth. But the report has still left some stones unturned.
見えてくるのは、大事故のときに、何をどう動かせばいいのかの知識に欠け、あたふたする東電と政府関係者の姿である。それを浮かび上がらせたことは評価したい。だが、まだ足りないところもある。
The report pointed to the possibility that the core meltdown at the No. 1 reactor could have been at least delayed through an earlier injection of water if the plant operator had had an accurate grasp of the situation. But it failed to make clear how missteps and errors in judgment actually worsened the damage.
たとえば、１号機で状況把握が的確なら、早めの注水などで炉心損傷を遅らせられた可能性を述べているが、不手際や判断ミスが被害をどれほど広げたかは、はっきりと見えてこない。
We have some advice for the panel as it continues to prepare a final report to be published next summer.
そこで、来年夏の最終報告に向けて注文したいことがある。
First of all, we urge the panel to be more willing to seek the help of outside experts. That the panel has no expert in nuclear reactors among its members is good from the viewpoint of insulating its work from the influence of the "nuclear village"--a close-knit community of policymakers, industry executives and scientists bent on promoting nuclear power generation. But its lack of necessary expertise could make it difficult for the panel to understand what happened in the reactors.
まず、外部の知識を積極的にとり入れてほしい。委員に原子炉の専門家がいないのは、「原子力村」の論理を避けるためによいことだが、炉で何が起こったかを知るには困難もある。
We also want the panel to interview as many politicians involved as possible. This is also crucial for uncovering the truth about the SPEEDI fiasco.
もう一つは、政治家からの聴取をどんどん進めてほしいことだ。これは、ＳＰＥＥＤＩ問題の解明にも欠かせまい。
Yotaro Hatamura, an engineer who heads the panel, advocates the "science of failure." The principal purpose of research in this field is to prevent big failures by examining small ones. It is important to scrutinize the many small failures that must have occurred during the nuclear disaster to learn necessary lessons. We hope the panel will step up its efforts to accomplish its mission during the remaining half year.
検証委員会の委員長を務める工学者畑村洋太郎さんは、失敗学の提唱者だ。その核心は、小さな失敗を調べて大きな失敗を防ぐことにある。今回の原子力災害でも、その過程にあったとみられる数々の失敗を調べ、そこから教訓を得たい。あと半年の追い込みに期待する。
朝日新聞英字紙が無料で閲覧できるようになっていました。
やはり新聞は無料だと助かります。ありがとうございます。
（スラチャイ）
--The Asahi Shimbun, Dec. 27
EDITORIAL: Fukushima report highlights crisis management flaws
原発事故報告―危機を想定せぬ愚かさ
A report on an investigation into the Fukushima nuclear disaster has made us wonder if the operator of the crippled plant put blind faith in the facility because of the "safety myth" created by propaganda to promote nuclear power generation.
The interim report was published on Dec. 26 by a government panel looking into the disastrous accident at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant triggered by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami.
原発ＰＲの安全神話によって原子力の当事者自身も安全ぼけに陥ってはいなかったか。
福島第一原発をめぐる政府の事故調査・検証委員会中間報告を読むと、そう思わせる。
At the No. 1 reactor, members of the task force at the plant and the head office of Tokyo Electric Power Co., which operates the plant, initially failed to recognize that an isolation condenser, which is intended to cool the reactor during a blackout, was not working, according to the report.
１号機では当初、停電時に炉を冷やす非常用復水器の機能が不全だったのを、発電所も東京電力本社も気づかなかった。
The report bitterly criticized TEPCO for lacking sufficient understanding of how the condenser works. "As a nuclear power plant operator, it was highly inappropriate," said the report. The fact indicates how little importance TEPCO engineers placed on such a system to deal with an emergency.
装置のしくみを十分理解していなかったことを、中間報告は「原子力事業者として極めて不適切」と批判する。技術陣にとって、非常のための装置がどれほど遠い存在だったかわかる。
The interim report also addressed problems concerning facilities outside the plant, such as the off-site center located 5 kilometers away. The center failed to perform its functions as the front-line base to respond to a nuclear accident. That's because the center was not designed to function under circumstances of heightened levels of radiation even though it is a facility to be used when an accident has broken out at the nuclear power plant.
（中間報告書は原発から5kmのところにある外部センターについても言及している。
外部センターは原発事故の際に最前線となる機能を失っていた。
その原因は実際の原発事故に対応できる設計ではなかったことによる。）
（この部分の日本語なし、で、スラチャイが訳しました）
The document, naturally, also raised the issue of the fact that data of the government's System for Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information (SPEEDI), a system to predict the spread of radioactive materials during a nuclear emergency, was not used for the evacuation of residents in areas around the disaster-stricken plant. The government "didn't have the thought of publicizing SPEEDI information," according to the report. Why did the government decide to spend taxpayers' money to build the system in the first place if it didn't think about communicating information it generates to local residents?
（政府肝いりの原発事故の際に使われるべきSPEEDIも、事故の際に使われなかった。
政府はSPEEDIのデータを公開していなかったのだ。
最初から国民のために使う気がないシステムを政府は何故導入したのか。アホか＾＾。）
（この部分の日本語なし、で、スラチャイが訳しました）
The inquiry panel also pointed an accusing finger at the prime minister's office. The report said there was not enough mutual communication between the underground crisis management center, where top officials of ministries and agencies concerned gathered, and the room on the fifth floor where the prime minister and his close aides worked to deal with the situation.
報告は首相官邸も批判した。省庁幹部が集まる地下の危機管理センターと、首相らが陣取る５階との連絡が互いに十分でなかったと指摘している。
The report painted a distressing picture of how top officials at TEPCO and the government got flustered in the face of the nuclear crisis as they lacked knowledge about what to do in such a severe event. We applaud the investigation panel for shedding light on this disturbing truth. But the report has still left some stones unturned.
見えてくるのは、大事故のときに、何をどう動かせばいいのかの知識に欠け、あたふたする東電と政府関係者の姿である。それを浮かび上がらせたことは評価したい。だが、まだ足りないところもある。
The report pointed to the possibility that the core meltdown at the No. 1 reactor could have been at least delayed through an earlier injection of water if the plant operator had had an accurate grasp of the situation. But it failed to make clear how missteps and errors in judgment actually worsened the damage.
たとえば、１号機で状況把握が的確なら、早めの注水などで炉心損傷を遅らせられた可能性を述べているが、不手際や判断ミスが被害をどれほど広げたかは、はっきりと見えてこない。
We have some advice for the panel as it continues to prepare a final report to be published next summer.
そこで、来年夏の最終報告に向けて注文したいことがある。
First of all, we urge the panel to be more willing to seek the help of outside experts. That the panel has no expert in nuclear reactors among its members is good from the viewpoint of insulating its work from the influence of the "nuclear village"--a close-knit community of policymakers, industry executives and scientists bent on promoting nuclear power generation. But its lack of necessary expertise could make it difficult for the panel to understand what happened in the reactors.
まず、外部の知識を積極的にとり入れてほしい。委員に原子炉の専門家がいないのは、「原子力村」の論理を避けるためによいことだが、炉で何が起こったかを知るには困難もある。
We also want the panel to interview as many politicians involved as possible. This is also crucial for uncovering the truth about the SPEEDI fiasco.
もう一つは、政治家からの聴取をどんどん進めてほしいことだ。これは、ＳＰＥＥＤＩ問題の解明にも欠かせまい。
Yotaro Hatamura, an engineer who heads the panel, advocates the "science of failure." The principal purpose of research in this field is to prevent big failures by examining small ones. It is important to scrutinize the many small failures that must have occurred during the nuclear disaster to learn necessary lessons. We hope the panel will step up its efforts to accomplish its mission during the remaining half year.
検証委員会の委員長を務める工学者畑村洋太郎さんは、失敗学の提唱者だ。その核心は、小さな失敗を調べて大きな失敗を防ぐことにある。今回の原子力災害でも、その過程にあったとみられる数々の失敗を調べ、そこから教訓を得たい。あと半年の追い込みに期待する。
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Dec. 27, 2011)
Putin must commit fully to rule of law in Russia
反プーチンデモ ロシアに「法の支配」が必要だ（12月26日付・読売社説）
Mass rallies to protest the high-handed political tactics of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin illustrate public discontent with his long-standing grip on power.
ロシアのプーチン首相の強権的な政治手法に反発する大規模なデモは、長期執権への不満の表れだろう。
It can be said that the contradictions plaguing Russia have come to the fore 20 years after the collapse of the former Soviet Union.
ソ連の解体から２０年、ロシアが今日、抱える矛盾が露呈したと言える。
Demonstrations began immediately after an election for the State Duma earlier this month, as protesters claimed there had been vote-rigging and called for the election to be held again. An image of alleged vote-rigging was posted on the Internet, igniting the rallies.
デモは、１２月の下院選直後、選挙に不正があったとしてやり直しを求める形で始まった。不正工作の証拠という映像が、インターネットで流され、火がついた。
About 30,000 people gathered in Moscow alone Saturday, according to Russia's Interior Ministry. It was the biggest antigovernment rally of Putin's tenure, surpassing the one held Dec. 10. In addition to decrying the alleged election irregularities, the protesters openly called for an end to Putin's rule, shouting, "Russia without Putin."
２４日は、モスクワだけで約３万人（内務省発表）が集まり、プーチン時代では１０日を上回る大規模な反政府集会となった。選挙不正を批判するだけでなく、「プーチンなきロシアを」と、退陣を求める声が公然とあがった。
During the 12 years of his grip on power as president and prime minister, Russian politics became relatively stable and its economy grew remarkably thanks to high crude oil prices.
プーチン氏が大統領、首相として実権を握った１２年間で、政治はひとまず安定し、原油高の追い風を受け経済成長も遂げた。
The recent series of rallies, however, indicates the people's mounting dissatisfaction with Putin, who is aiming to prolong his rule by running in the presidential election next March.
だが、相次ぐデモは、来年３月の大統領選出馬で長期執権をもくろむプーチン氏への不満の高まりをうかがわせるものだ。
===
Anger against corruption
It is noteworthy that many participants in the anti-Putin protests were middle-class and intellectual people whose situations improved due to the economic growth.
反プーチン集会の参加者に、経済成長で台頭した中間層やインテリが多かった点が注目される。
They may be prompted by their anger toward the little progress made in modernizing Russian politics. Their indignation is largely targeted at the rampant corruption in the bureaucratic machine, which has collusive ties with the ruling party.
背景には、一向に近代化しない政治への怒りがあるのだろう。与党と癒着した官僚組織に、汚職が蔓延(まんえん)していることが大きい。
The government made full use of TV media as a publicity tool to lead the campaign in favor of the ruling United Russia party. Lack of impartiality, a prerequisite for elections, spurred criticism of the administration.
政権は下院選で、与党に有利になるよう、テレビを宣伝道具として駆使した。選挙の前提となる「公正さ」を欠いたことが、政権批判に拍車をかけた。
Putin has refused demands to hold a new election. He is trying to get out of his present difficulties by pledging to take measures to prevent irregularities in the presidential election.
プーチン首相は、下院選のやり直しを拒否している。大統領選では不正防止策を講じると約束することで、切り抜ける構えだ。
As no powerful candidate has emerged from the opposition camp, Putin's strategy for returning to the Kremlin remains unshaken.
野党側に有力候補者がいないため、プーチン首相の大統領返り咲き戦略は揺らいではいない。
===
Legal compliance vital
It is natural, however, that those in power must also comply with rules. Establishment of the full rule of law has been pending since the collapse of the former Soviet Union. Putin needs to face seriously the problems raised by the series of rallies and commit himself completely to the rule of law.
だが、権力者にもルール順守が求められるのは当然だ。「法の支配」の確立は、ソ連崩壊以来の重要な課題だ。首相は、デモが提起した問題を重く受け止め、法治主義を徹底する必要があろう。
Putin faces challenges on the diplomatic front, too.
プーチン首相は、対外政策でも課題に直面している。
He has put forth the idea of creating an "Eurasian Union" aimed at the economic integration of former Soviet republics. But these states have been deepening their relations with European countries and the United States, and remain strongly wary of Russia's attempt to take leadership.
首相は、旧ソ連諸国の経済統合を図る「ユーラシア同盟」構想を提唱しているが、旧ソ連諸国は、欧米との関係を深めており、主導権を握ろうとするロシアへの警戒感が根強い。
After 18 years of negotiations, Russia will become an official member of the World Trade Organization next year. If it is to earnestly seek capital investment from the West, Moscow will be strongly urged to follow WTO rules and international business practices.
また、１８年もの交渉の末、世界貿易機関（ＷＴＯ）へ、ロシアは来年正式加盟することになった。ロシアが西側の資本呼び込みを本気で図るつもりなら今後、ＷＴＯルールや国際的商慣行を順守することが強く求められよう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Dec. 26, 2011)
（2011年12月26日01時17分 読売新聞）
Putin must commit fully to rule of law in Russia
反プーチンデモ ロシアに「法の支配」が必要だ（12月26日付・読売社説）
Mass rallies to protest the high-handed political tactics of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin illustrate public discontent with his long-standing grip on power.
ロシアのプーチン首相の強権的な政治手法に反発する大規模なデモは、長期執権への不満の表れだろう。
It can be said that the contradictions plaguing Russia have come to the fore 20 years after the collapse of the former Soviet Union.
ソ連の解体から２０年、ロシアが今日、抱える矛盾が露呈したと言える。
Demonstrations began immediately after an election for the State Duma earlier this month, as protesters claimed there had been vote-rigging and called for the election to be held again. An image of alleged vote-rigging was posted on the Internet, igniting the rallies.
デモは、１２月の下院選直後、選挙に不正があったとしてやり直しを求める形で始まった。不正工作の証拠という映像が、インターネットで流され、火がついた。
About 30,000 people gathered in Moscow alone Saturday, according to Russia's Interior Ministry. It was the biggest antigovernment rally of Putin's tenure, surpassing the one held Dec. 10. In addition to decrying the alleged election irregularities, the protesters openly called for an end to Putin's rule, shouting, "Russia without Putin."
２４日は、モスクワだけで約３万人（内務省発表）が集まり、プーチン時代では１０日を上回る大規模な反政府集会となった。選挙不正を批判するだけでなく、「プーチンなきロシアを」と、退陣を求める声が公然とあがった。
During the 12 years of his grip on power as president and prime minister, Russian politics became relatively stable and its economy grew remarkably thanks to high crude oil prices.
プーチン氏が大統領、首相として実権を握った１２年間で、政治はひとまず安定し、原油高の追い風を受け経済成長も遂げた。
The recent series of rallies, however, indicates the people's mounting dissatisfaction with Putin, who is aiming to prolong his rule by running in the presidential election next March.
だが、相次ぐデモは、来年３月の大統領選出馬で長期執権をもくろむプーチン氏への不満の高まりをうかがわせるものだ。
===
Anger against corruption
It is noteworthy that many participants in the anti-Putin protests were middle-class and intellectual people whose situations improved due to the economic growth.
反プーチン集会の参加者に、経済成長で台頭した中間層やインテリが多かった点が注目される。
They may be prompted by their anger toward the little progress made in modernizing Russian politics. Their indignation is largely targeted at the rampant corruption in the bureaucratic machine, which has collusive ties with the ruling party.
背景には、一向に近代化しない政治への怒りがあるのだろう。与党と癒着した官僚組織に、汚職が蔓延(まんえん)していることが大きい。
The government made full use of TV media as a publicity tool to lead the campaign in favor of the ruling United Russia party. Lack of impartiality, a prerequisite for elections, spurred criticism of the administration.
政権は下院選で、与党に有利になるよう、テレビを宣伝道具として駆使した。選挙の前提となる「公正さ」を欠いたことが、政権批判に拍車をかけた。
Putin has refused demands to hold a new election. He is trying to get out of his present difficulties by pledging to take measures to prevent irregularities in the presidential election.
プーチン首相は、下院選のやり直しを拒否している。大統領選では不正防止策を講じると約束することで、切り抜ける構えだ。
As no powerful candidate has emerged from the opposition camp, Putin's strategy for returning to the Kremlin remains unshaken.
野党側に有力候補者がいないため、プーチン首相の大統領返り咲き戦略は揺らいではいない。
===
Legal compliance vital
It is natural, however, that those in power must also comply with rules. Establishment of the full rule of law has been pending since the collapse of the former Soviet Union. Putin needs to face seriously the problems raised by the series of rallies and commit himself completely to the rule of law.
だが、権力者にもルール順守が求められるのは当然だ。「法の支配」の確立は、ソ連崩壊以来の重要な課題だ。首相は、デモが提起した問題を重く受け止め、法治主義を徹底する必要があろう。
Putin faces challenges on the diplomatic front, too.
プーチン首相は、対外政策でも課題に直面している。
He has put forth the idea of creating an "Eurasian Union" aimed at the economic integration of former Soviet republics. But these states have been deepening their relations with European countries and the United States, and remain strongly wary of Russia's attempt to take leadership.
首相は、旧ソ連諸国の経済統合を図る「ユーラシア同盟」構想を提唱しているが、旧ソ連諸国は、欧米との関係を深めており、主導権を握ろうとするロシアへの警戒感が根強い。
After 18 years of negotiations, Russia will become an official member of the World Trade Organization next year. If it is to earnestly seek capital investment from the West, Moscow will be strongly urged to follow WTO rules and international business practices.
また、１８年もの交渉の末、世界貿易機関（ＷＴＯ）へ、ロシアは来年正式加盟することになった。ロシアが西側の資本呼び込みを本気で図るつもりなら今後、ＷＴＯルールや国際的商慣行を順守することが強く求められよう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Dec. 26, 2011)
（2011年12月26日01時17分 読売新聞）
12月25日に朝日英字紙がいきなり有料となってから、毎日英字紙の存在価値がぐっと高まりました。
これからはジャパンタイムスや米国紙にも手を広げていきたいですね。
そういう意味では、今回の朝日英字紙の有料化は貴重なきっかけとなりました。
何が幸いし、また、何が災いするか分かったものではありませんね。
人間万事（ばんじ）塞翁（さいおう）が馬＾＾。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) December 25, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Learning from the next generation
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：いまどきの卒業論文 ／東京
Being both a psychiatrist and a university professor, December is always an exciting month for me -- it is this time of the year when my students submit their graduation theses.
精神科医をしながら大学の教員もしている私にとって、卒業論文の提出がある１２月は、ハラハラ、ドキドキの月。
There are some students who rush up to me at the very last moment, saying, "Professor, I can't make it on time," to whom I would say: "Hang in there, you're only a breath away." There are also the self-assured ones, who submit their "works of confidence," in which I later on find plenty of spelling mistakes that sometimes even frustrate me.
直前になって「先生、ダメです！ 間に合いません」と泣きついてくる学生を、「大丈夫、あと一息！」と遠泳のコーチのように励ます。「自信作です」と見せに来る学生の論文に大量の誤字脱字を発見して、途方に暮れることもある。
However, as I read my students' works, I realize that there is quite a lot to learn from the way "today's young" think, write, and form their judgments.
ただ、“いまどきの若者”の考え方や文章のまとめ方から、「なるほど」と学ぶことも多い。
Every year, what specifically amazes me is their computer and internet skills. As I read through their works, I often find myself wondering how they created such beautiful graphs or about the meaning of acronyms that I often see online, but never knew what they were for. On such occasions, I feel as if we are "exchanging knowledge," and things such as poor writing or lack of in-depth research stop bothering me.
とくにパソコンやネットの使い方には毎年、感心しつつ、「このきれいなグラフ、どうやって作るの？」「ネットでよく見るこの略語ってどういう意味？」とこちらもちゃっかり教えてもらう。そうすると“知識の交換”という気分になり、論文の文章のまずさや調べ方の甘さにもハラは立たなくなってくる、というものだ。
It is common for educators to criticize the next generation by saying that in the past students studied much more. However, this is only because we are comparing them to ourselves, based on standards that we lived through in our student days. There are things that students nowadays know and can do easily, which we in the past could not -- and I'm not only speaking of their use of computers and mobile phones.
そう、教員をしているとつい「昔の学生はもっと勉強したものだ」などと嘆きたくなるが、それは自分たちを基準にしているからなのだ。実は、いまの学生には簡単なのに、昔の学生にはできなかったこと、知らなかったこともたくさんある。パソコンやケータイの使い方だけではない。
While for many people from my generation reading in English was common, but speaking was nearly impossible, young people these days openly speak to overseas students, using both Japanese and English with no evidence of embarrassment. They are also much more open to sexual and gender differences. It is somewhat more refreshing than surprising to hear someone say: "I like a person from the same sex," to which another person simply replies, "Oh, really?"
私の世代だと「英語の文献は読めるが話すのは苦手」という人も少なくないが、いまの学生は留学生がいてもものおじせずに、英語と日本語とを器用におりまぜコミュニケーションしている。性別、性差にもほとんどこだわりがなく、「私ね、同性の人が好きなんだよね」「あっそう」などと自由に会話している姿にも、ビックリを通り越してすがすがしさを覚える。
At parties, the old rule obliging women to pour drinks for men seems to not exist for many young people -- they act naturally and drink in the style that suits them.
コンパをしても「お酌は女性」などというルールはなく、ごく自然についだりつがれたり、好きなように飲んでいる。
As I watch the young people these days, I think that the traditional way of "measuring" knowledge and quality of graduation theses is, in fact, not that important.
彼らを見ていると、昔ながらの尺度で測る「学力」だとか「論文のでき」など、実はたいしたことではないような気もしてくる。
There are times when part of me says, "A graduation thesis is not a personal essay, so writing in the first person is against the rules," while the other me says, "This personal essay-style thesis is so rich and sensitive, and extremely interesting."
「卒業論文はエッセーじゃないんだから、あまりに“私は、私は”と多用するのは規定違反……いやいや、あなたのこのエッセー調の論文は、感受性豊かですごくおもしろいね！」などという場面も少なくないのだ。
I will teach my students everything I know, and hope they would do the same for me. I don't want them to feel afraid of telling me, "Professor, you really don't know something like that?"
学生たちにはこちらが知っていることをすべて教えてあげるから、学生たちも私にいろいろなことを教えてほしい。「先生、そんなことも知らないの？」と遠慮なく言ってほしい。
As a professor I always try to think in this way. However, at times I blurt out things like: "Really? You haven't read Hermann Hesse? When I was a student, I..." This bad habit seems to be a hard one to shake.
教員としてはいつもそう思っている私だが、それでもつい口にしてしまう。「なに、ヘルマン・ヘッセも読んだことがない？ 私が学生の頃は……」。このクセはなかなかなおらないようだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2011年12月20日 地方版
これからはジャパンタイムスや米国紙にも手を広げていきたいですね。
そういう意味では、今回の朝日英字紙の有料化は貴重なきっかけとなりました。
何が幸いし、また、何が災いするか分かったものではありませんね。
人間万事（ばんじ）塞翁（さいおう）が馬＾＾。
（スラチャイ）
(Mainichi Japan) December 25, 2011
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Learning from the next generation
香山リカのココロの万華鏡：いまどきの卒業論文 ／東京
Being both a psychiatrist and a university professor, December is always an exciting month for me -- it is this time of the year when my students submit their graduation theses.
精神科医をしながら大学の教員もしている私にとって、卒業論文の提出がある１２月は、ハラハラ、ドキドキの月。
There are some students who rush up to me at the very last moment, saying, "Professor, I can't make it on time," to whom I would say: "Hang in there, you're only a breath away." There are also the self-assured ones, who submit their "works of confidence," in which I later on find plenty of spelling mistakes that sometimes even frustrate me.
直前になって「先生、ダメです！ 間に合いません」と泣きついてくる学生を、「大丈夫、あと一息！」と遠泳のコーチのように励ます。「自信作です」と見せに来る学生の論文に大量の誤字脱字を発見して、途方に暮れることもある。
However, as I read my students' works, I realize that there is quite a lot to learn from the way "today's young" think, write, and form their judgments.
ただ、“いまどきの若者”の考え方や文章のまとめ方から、「なるほど」と学ぶことも多い。
Every year, what specifically amazes me is their computer and internet skills. As I read through their works, I often find myself wondering how they created such beautiful graphs or about the meaning of acronyms that I often see online, but never knew what they were for. On such occasions, I feel as if we are "exchanging knowledge," and things such as poor writing or lack of in-depth research stop bothering me.
とくにパソコンやネットの使い方には毎年、感心しつつ、「このきれいなグラフ、どうやって作るの？」「ネットでよく見るこの略語ってどういう意味？」とこちらもちゃっかり教えてもらう。そうすると“知識の交換”という気分になり、論文の文章のまずさや調べ方の甘さにもハラは立たなくなってくる、というものだ。
It is common for educators to criticize the next generation by saying that in the past students studied much more. However, this is only because we are comparing them to ourselves, based on standards that we lived through in our student days. There are things that students nowadays know and can do easily, which we in the past could not -- and I'm not only speaking of their use of computers and mobile phones.
そう、教員をしているとつい「昔の学生はもっと勉強したものだ」などと嘆きたくなるが、それは自分たちを基準にしているからなのだ。実は、いまの学生には簡単なのに、昔の学生にはできなかったこと、知らなかったこともたくさんある。パソコンやケータイの使い方だけではない。
While for many people from my generation reading in English was common, but speaking was nearly impossible, young people these days openly speak to overseas students, using both Japanese and English with no evidence of embarrassment. They are also much more open to sexual and gender differences. It is somewhat more refreshing than surprising to hear someone say: "I like a person from the same sex," to which another person simply replies, "Oh, really?"
私の世代だと「英語の文献は読めるが話すのは苦手」という人も少なくないが、いまの学生は留学生がいてもものおじせずに、英語と日本語とを器用におりまぜコミュニケーションしている。性別、性差にもほとんどこだわりがなく、「私ね、同性の人が好きなんだよね」「あっそう」などと自由に会話している姿にも、ビックリを通り越してすがすがしさを覚える。
At parties, the old rule obliging women to pour drinks for men seems to not exist for many young people -- they act naturally and drink in the style that suits them.
コンパをしても「お酌は女性」などというルールはなく、ごく自然についだりつがれたり、好きなように飲んでいる。
As I watch the young people these days, I think that the traditional way of "measuring" knowledge and quality of graduation theses is, in fact, not that important.
彼らを見ていると、昔ながらの尺度で測る「学力」だとか「論文のでき」など、実はたいしたことではないような気もしてくる。
There are times when part of me says, "A graduation thesis is not a personal essay, so writing in the first person is against the rules," while the other me says, "This personal essay-style thesis is so rich and sensitive, and extremely interesting."
「卒業論文はエッセーじゃないんだから、あまりに“私は、私は”と多用するのは規定違反……いやいや、あなたのこのエッセー調の論文は、感受性豊かですごくおもしろいね！」などという場面も少なくないのだ。
I will teach my students everything I know, and hope they would do the same for me. I don't want them to feel afraid of telling me, "Professor, you really don't know something like that?"
学生たちにはこちらが知っていることをすべて教えてあげるから、学生たちも私にいろいろなことを教えてほしい。「先生、そんなことも知らないの？」と遠慮なく言ってほしい。
As a professor I always try to think in this way. However, at times I blurt out things like: "Really? You haven't read Hermann Hesse? When I was a student, I..." This bad habit seems to be a hard one to shake.
教員としてはいつもそう思っている私だが、それでもつい口にしてしまう。「なに、ヘルマン・ヘッセも読んだことがない？ 私が学生の頃は……」。このクセはなかなかなおらないようだ。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2011年12月20日 地方版
今朝、いつものように英字紙をチェックしていて唖然とした。
なんと本日１２月２５日より、朝日新聞の英語版は有料となっていた。
外国人向けに支払いはペイパルでなされる仕組みだ。
で、これ以降ですが、朝日関連の掲載はできません。
スラチャイ愛読の米国紙、タイの英字紙、全部無料です。
英文の質は朝日より、当然ですが、格段に高い。
あえて朝日英字紙を購入する人がいるのでしょうか＾＾。
（スラチャイ）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Dec. 25, 2011)
New food safety rules require time for explanations, preparation
放射能「新」基準 食の不安の拡大防止策が先だ（12月24日付・読売社説）
Stricter limits on radiation in food are meant to make the public feel safe and secure--but what if they have the opposite effect?
安心のための基準がかえって不安をあおることにならないか。
The government must be circumspect in its moves in this area.
政府は、慎重に対応すべきだ。
The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry has worked out a set of proposals for new limits on radioactive cesium in food. Following exchanges of views within the government on the proposed standards, the ministry plans to put the new criteria into practice in April 2012.
厚生労働省が、食品中に含まれる放射性セシウムの新たな規制値案をまとめた。政府内で調整後に、来年４月の導入を目指している。
Currently, "provisional regulatory ceilings" are in place as yardsticks for safe levels of radiation in food. The provisional ceilings were set immediately after the outbreak of the nuclear crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co.'s Fukushima No. 1 power plant. The new ceilings proposed by the ministry are far stricter.
今は、東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故直後に定められた「暫定規制値」を食品の安全確認の目安としている。新たな規制値案は、これより大幅に厳しい。
For instance, the proposal calls for a ceiling of 50 becquerels per kilogram for milk and baby food items, including baby formula. This is one-fourth the current 200-becquerel limit. The planned limit for general food items such as rice, meat and vegetables is 100 becquerels per kilogram, or one-fifth the current ceiling. The proposed limit on drinking water is 10 becquerels, which is one-twentieth the current 200-becquerel limit.
例えば、粉ミルクなどの「乳児用食品」や「牛乳」は、暫定規制値の４分の１である１キロ・グラム当たり５０ベクレルだ。その他の一般食品は５分の１の同１００ベクレル、飲料水は２０分の１の同１０ベクレルとなる。
===
Risk of worsening anxiety
The ministry says the tightening of the limits is for the sake of "ensuring a sense of safety among the public." Specifically, the risk of "internal exposure to radiation affecting human bodies" would be reduced to less than one-fifth the risk under the provisional ceilings, according to the ministry.
厚労省は、規制値を厳格化するのは「安心確保」のためと説明している。具体的には、食品を通じた「内部被曝(ひばく)」のリスクが今の５分の１以下になるという。
If the new ceilings proposed by the ministry are introduced, decisions on such matters as banning shipments of food would be made on the basis of the toughened criteria.
導入後は、これに基づき出荷停止などが判断される。
Careful attention should be paid, however, to the possibility of stricter limits instead heightening the risk of social unease.
しかし、規制値を厳しくすることで社会不安が高まるリスクも注意深く見極める必要があろう。
If the new criteria are enforced, there may be many cases in which food items with "safe" radiation levels under the current limits would be found to contain "excessive" levels of radioactive cesium. It is therefore feared that shipments of foodstuffs could be suspended one after another.
暫定規制値で十分「安全」の範囲なのに、新規制値で「超過」と判定される例が想定される。出荷停止が続発しはしないか。
The current provisional ceilings are already markedly strict as they are one-half to one-fourth the regulatory limits in the United States and European countries. Because of this, the government and many experts have said in explaining the provisional ceilings that eating foods whose radiation readings are slightly above the provisional limits does not mean they are "dangerous" to health. Instead, they say, people can eat them without fear.
現行の暫定規制値も、欧米の規制値の２分の１から４分の１程度と厳格だ。だから政府や専門家の多くは、規制値を多少超えた食品を口にしても、「危険」の域に入るのではなく心配は無用、と「解説」してきた経緯がある。
The health ministry, before implementation of the new ceilings, is set to seek understanding and cooperation from local governments and industries concerned about toughening the limits. For some categories of food, the ministry is considering taking "tentative steps," or measures to delay the application of new ceilings.
厚労省は、新規制値導入に際して関係自治体、業界にも理解と協力を求める方針だ。食品によっては、新規制値の適用時期を遅らせる「経過措置」も検討する。
To measure radiation levels in accordance with the new ceilings, high-precision instruments capable of detecting radioactive cesium at a single-digit level of becquerels will be needed. Some industries may be unable to obtain such instruments immediately. The switch from the current ceilings to new ones, therefore, should be preceded by sufficient time to make preparations.
新規制値に対応するには、微量のセシウムも測れる精密測定装置が要るが、直ちに準備できない業界もあるだろう。規制切り替えは時間をかけて進めるべきだ。
===
Cesium levels dwindling
In its studies of the advisability of introducing the new criteria, the ministry has conducted a series of sampling examinations of a wide range of foodstuffs to find how much radioactive cesium they contain.
新規制値を検討するに当たり、厚労省は様々な食品にセシウムがどの程度含まれているか、抜き取り調査をしている。
According to the investigations, less than 1 percent of food items examined nationwide were found to contain radioactive cesium in excess of the provisional ceilings. Any foodstuffs with radioactive cesium exceeding the ceilings have been prohibited, in principle, from being put on the market.
調査によれば、全国で、暫定規制値を超えた食品は全体の１％未満に過ぎない。暫定規制値を超過した食品は原則、流通しない。
Moreover, the number of cases in which radioactive cesium has been detected at levels below the provisional ceilings has been gradually shrinking, the ministry says. A fact that should be taken into account is that, due to the characteristics of radioactive material, the quantity of radioactive cesium in food is certain to decline by a wide margin in the year to come.
それ以下の食品でも検出例は減る傾向にある。放射性物質の特質として、セシウム量が１年後に大幅に減ることも考慮したい。
It is very important for the government to provide detailed explanations of such matters to spread accurate information about food safety among the public.
こうした状況を国民に丁寧に説明し、食の安全への正しい理解を広めることが、まず重要だ。
Government efforts to ensure the safety of foodstuffs in the process of their distribution must continue to be undertaken in a reliable way.
流通過程での安全確認も、確実に継続しなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Dec. 24, 2011)
（2011年12月24日01時16分 読売新聞）
なんと本日１２月２５日より、朝日新聞の英語版は有料となっていた。
外国人向けに支払いはペイパルでなされる仕組みだ。
で、これ以降ですが、朝日関連の掲載はできません。
スラチャイ愛読の米国紙、タイの英字紙、全部無料です。
英文の質は朝日より、当然ですが、格段に高い。
あえて朝日英字紙を購入する人がいるのでしょうか＾＾。
（スラチャイ）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Dec. 25, 2011)
New food safety rules require time for explanations, preparation
放射能「新」基準 食の不安の拡大防止策が先だ（12月24日付・読売社説）
Stricter limits on radiation in food are meant to make the public feel safe and secure--but what if they have the opposite effect?
安心のための基準がかえって不安をあおることにならないか。
The government must be circumspect in its moves in this area.
政府は、慎重に対応すべきだ。
The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry has worked out a set of proposals for new limits on radioactive cesium in food. Following exchanges of views within the government on the proposed standards, the ministry plans to put the new criteria into practice in April 2012.
厚生労働省が、食品中に含まれる放射性セシウムの新たな規制値案をまとめた。政府内で調整後に、来年４月の導入を目指している。
Currently, "provisional regulatory ceilings" are in place as yardsticks for safe levels of radiation in food. The provisional ceilings were set immediately after the outbreak of the nuclear crisis at Tokyo Electric Power Co.'s Fukushima No. 1 power plant. The new ceilings proposed by the ministry are far stricter.
今は、東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故直後に定められた「暫定規制値」を食品の安全確認の目安としている。新たな規制値案は、これより大幅に厳しい。
For instance, the proposal calls for a ceiling of 50 becquerels per kilogram for milk and baby food items, including baby formula. This is one-fourth the current 200-becquerel limit. The planned limit for general food items such as rice, meat and vegetables is 100 becquerels per kilogram, or one-fifth the current ceiling. The proposed limit on drinking water is 10 becquerels, which is one-twentieth the current 200-becquerel limit.
例えば、粉ミルクなどの「乳児用食品」や「牛乳」は、暫定規制値の４分の１である１キロ・グラム当たり５０ベクレルだ。その他の一般食品は５分の１の同１００ベクレル、飲料水は２０分の１の同１０ベクレルとなる。
===
Risk of worsening anxiety
The ministry says the tightening of the limits is for the sake of "ensuring a sense of safety among the public." Specifically, the risk of "internal exposure to radiation affecting human bodies" would be reduced to less than one-fifth the risk under the provisional ceilings, according to the ministry.
厚労省は、規制値を厳格化するのは「安心確保」のためと説明している。具体的には、食品を通じた「内部被曝(ひばく)」のリスクが今の５分の１以下になるという。
If the new ceilings proposed by the ministry are introduced, decisions on such matters as banning shipments of food would be made on the basis of the toughened criteria.
導入後は、これに基づき出荷停止などが判断される。
Careful attention should be paid, however, to the possibility of stricter limits instead heightening the risk of social unease.
しかし、規制値を厳しくすることで社会不安が高まるリスクも注意深く見極める必要があろう。
If the new criteria are enforced, there may be many cases in which food items with "safe" radiation levels under the current limits would be found to contain "excessive" levels of radioactive cesium. It is therefore feared that shipments of foodstuffs could be suspended one after another.
暫定規制値で十分「安全」の範囲なのに、新規制値で「超過」と判定される例が想定される。出荷停止が続発しはしないか。
The current provisional ceilings are already markedly strict as they are one-half to one-fourth the regulatory limits in the United States and European countries. Because of this, the government and many experts have said in explaining the provisional ceilings that eating foods whose radiation readings are slightly above the provisional limits does not mean they are "dangerous" to health. Instead, they say, people can eat them without fear.
現行の暫定規制値も、欧米の規制値の２分の１から４分の１程度と厳格だ。だから政府や専門家の多くは、規制値を多少超えた食品を口にしても、「危険」の域に入るのではなく心配は無用、と「解説」してきた経緯がある。
The health ministry, before implementation of the new ceilings, is set to seek understanding and cooperation from local governments and industries concerned about toughening the limits. For some categories of food, the ministry is considering taking "tentative steps," or measures to delay the application of new ceilings.
厚労省は、新規制値導入に際して関係自治体、業界にも理解と協力を求める方針だ。食品によっては、新規制値の適用時期を遅らせる「経過措置」も検討する。
To measure radiation levels in accordance with the new ceilings, high-precision instruments capable of detecting radioactive cesium at a single-digit level of becquerels will be needed. Some industries may be unable to obtain such instruments immediately. The switch from the current ceilings to new ones, therefore, should be preceded by sufficient time to make preparations.
新規制値に対応するには、微量のセシウムも測れる精密測定装置が要るが、直ちに準備できない業界もあるだろう。規制切り替えは時間をかけて進めるべきだ。
===
Cesium levels dwindling
In its studies of the advisability of introducing the new criteria, the ministry has conducted a series of sampling examinations of a wide range of foodstuffs to find how much radioactive cesium they contain.
新規制値を検討するに当たり、厚労省は様々な食品にセシウムがどの程度含まれているか、抜き取り調査をしている。
According to the investigations, less than 1 percent of food items examined nationwide were found to contain radioactive cesium in excess of the provisional ceilings. Any foodstuffs with radioactive cesium exceeding the ceilings have been prohibited, in principle, from being put on the market.
調査によれば、全国で、暫定規制値を超えた食品は全体の１％未満に過ぎない。暫定規制値を超過した食品は原則、流通しない。
Moreover, the number of cases in which radioactive cesium has been detected at levels below the provisional ceilings has been gradually shrinking, the ministry says. A fact that should be taken into account is that, due to the characteristics of radioactive material, the quantity of radioactive cesium in food is certain to decline by a wide margin in the year to come.
それ以下の食品でも検出例は減る傾向にある。放射性物質の特質として、セシウム量が１年後に大幅に減ることも考慮したい。
It is very important for the government to provide detailed explanations of such matters to spread accurate information about food safety among the public.
こうした状況を国民に丁寧に説明し、食の安全への正しい理解を広めることが、まず重要だ。
Government efforts to ensure the safety of foodstuffs in the process of their distribution must continue to be undertaken in a reliable way.
流通過程での安全確認も、確実に継続しなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Dec. 24, 2011)
（2011年12月24日01時16分 読売新聞）
｢コンクリートから人へ｣、二年前、この標語には新鮮な響きがありました。
ところが、３．１１の大地震、大津波、原発事故で事情は一変しております。
学生時代に重力式ダムの設計をしたことがありますが、施工経験がありません。
黒部の太陽に代表されるように、ダム建設は男の中の男の仕事でした。
あこがれますね＾＾。単身赴任はダメです！家庭が崩壊します。
（スラチャイ）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Dec. 24, 2011)
Yamba construction to restart after 2 years of meandering
八ッ場ダム 混乱と無策の果ての建設続行（12月23日付・読売社説）
After more than two years of turmoil, the government has finally settled the issue of whether to cancel or resume construction of the Yamba Dam in Gunma Prefecture.
建設中止か続行かを巡り、２年あまり迷走したあげくの決着である。
Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Minister Takeshi Maeda has at last decided to resume construction of the dam in Naganoharamachi. The government will earmark costs for building the main structure, funds for which had been frozen, in the fiscal 2012 budget.
群馬県の八ッ場(やんば)ダムについて、前田国土交通相がようやく建設続行を決めた。これを受け、凍結していた本体工事の費用を２０１２年度予算案に盛り込むことになった。
The decision was based on a reexamination of the project by the ministry, in which it judged "construction of the dam is most desirable" in terms of flood control and water utilization effects as well as project costs.
治水や利水効果、事業費などの面で「建設は最良」とする国交省の検証結果を踏まえた決定だ。
We think the decision is quite appropriate.
極めて妥当な判断と言える。
The concept for the Yamba Dam project dates back about 60 years. It is designed to prevent floods in watershed areas of the Tonegawa river system and provide a water resource for the Kanto region. With a total construction cost of 460 billion yen, the dam will be one of largest in the country.
約６０年前に構想が持ち上がった八ッ場ダムは、利根川流域の洪水防止と関東圏の水源としての利用が目的で、総工費４６００億円の国内最大級のダムである。
===
Maehara started turmoil
Under the slogan "from concrete to people," the Democratic Party of Japan included cancellation of the Yamba Dam project in its manifesto for the 2009 House of Representatives election, which brought about the DPJ-led administration.
民主党は「コンクリートから人へ」を掲げ、０９年衆院選の政権公約（マニフェスト）に八ッ場ダムの建設中止を盛り込んだ。
Seiji Maehara, now the DPJ's Policy Research Committee chair, became infrastructure minister after the 2009 election. Based on the manifesto's promise, he forcibly terminated the dam's construction without any consultation with local governments involved. That was the start of the turmoil.
政権交代後、国交相に就任した民主党の前原政調会長が、マニフェストを理由に、地元との協議もなく強引に建設をストップしたのが迷走劇の発端だ。
In the face of strong opposition by residents and local governments, then Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Minister Sumio Mabuchi in autumn 2010 effectively nullified Maehara's decision on the project. Subsequently, the ministry had been reexamining the project to decide whether the dam should be constructed.
地元住民や関係自治体の反発を受け、１０年秋には当時の馬淵国交相が中止を事実上棚上げした。その後、国交省が建設の可否を判断する検証作業を続けていた。
The DPJ has never come up with an alternative plan. Land ministers after Maehara just put off reaching a conclusion, bowing to the "manifesto-supremacism" within the party. This is nothing but political delinquency. The government as well as the DPJ must reflect seriously on their actions.
民主党は代替案も示さず、歴代国交相は党内のマニフェスト至上主義に配慮し、結論を先送りしてきただけだ。これでは政治の怠慢以外の何物でもない。政府・民主党は、猛省すべきである。
Maehara bears a particular heavy responsibility.
特に前原氏の責任は重い。
Although it was crystal clear there would be enormous side effects to canceling the construction, he did not accept the results of the ministry's reexamination of the project--which concluded construction is appropriate--to the end.
建設中止の副作用が大きいことは明白だったのに、建設が妥当と結論付けた検証結果を最後まで受け入れようとしなかった。
"If the government forces the construction costs through in the budget, the party won't approve it. I won't let the Cabinet approve it," Maehara said Thursday. This is going too far. It is unbelievable that these are statements of the policy chief of the ruling party. He should not cause further turmoil.
前原氏が「無理やり予算に入れるなら、党としては認めない。閣議決定させない」とまで述べたのは、行き過ぎだ。政権党の政策責任者の発言とは思えない。これ以上の混乱は避けるべきだ。
===
Residents made sacrifices
Years ago residents and local governments made a painful decision to accept the dam construction, and many residents moved from areas that were to be submerged under the planned dam lake. While the dam construction was up in the air, residents suffered more economic losses--a number of hot spring inns closed their doors, for example.
地元は苦渋の決断でダム建設を受け入れ、水没予定地から大勢の住民が転居した。ダム建設が宙に浮く間、温泉旅館の休業が相次ぐなど新たな打撃も受けた。
If construction had actually been canceled, plans to revive areas around the dam as tourism spots might have been scrapped.
このうえ建設中止となれば、ダム観光で再生を図る計画も頓挫しかねないところだった。
Already 80 percent of the total project costs have been spent on related works, such as construction of roads to replace ones that will become unusable. If the project had been axed, the government would have had to return funds to Tokyo and five other prefectures of the Tonegawa basin, which had paid out more than half of these costs.
道路の付け替えなど関連事業に総事業費の８割がすでに投じられている。中止の場合、半分以上を支出した流域の１都５県に対し、政府が費用を返還しなければならなくなる問題もあった。
We do not think anyone in the DPJ can say the party fully took such factors into consideration while the party was creating the manifesto. The government needs to flexibly review policies if defects and misjudgments become clear. It must learn this lesson from the Yamba Dam issue.
マニフェストを作成する段階でこうした事情を十分考慮したとは言えまい。欠陥や誤算が判明すれば、柔軟に見直す必要がある。八ッ場ダムから学ぶべき教訓だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Dec. 23, 2011)
（2011年12月23日01時38分 読売新聞）
ところが、３．１１の大地震、大津波、原発事故で事情は一変しております。
学生時代に重力式ダムの設計をしたことがありますが、施工経験がありません。
黒部の太陽に代表されるように、ダム建設は男の中の男の仕事でした。
あこがれますね＾＾。単身赴任はダメです！家庭が崩壊します。
（スラチャイ）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Dec. 24, 2011)
Yamba construction to restart after 2 years of meandering
八ッ場ダム 混乱と無策の果ての建設続行（12月23日付・読売社説）
After more than two years of turmoil, the government has finally settled the issue of whether to cancel or resume construction of the Yamba Dam in Gunma Prefecture.
建設中止か続行かを巡り、２年あまり迷走したあげくの決着である。
Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Minister Takeshi Maeda has at last decided to resume construction of the dam in Naganoharamachi. The government will earmark costs for building the main structure, funds for which had been frozen, in the fiscal 2012 budget.
群馬県の八ッ場(やんば)ダムについて、前田国土交通相がようやく建設続行を決めた。これを受け、凍結していた本体工事の費用を２０１２年度予算案に盛り込むことになった。
The decision was based on a reexamination of the project by the ministry, in which it judged "construction of the dam is most desirable" in terms of flood control and water utilization effects as well as project costs.
治水や利水効果、事業費などの面で「建設は最良」とする国交省の検証結果を踏まえた決定だ。
We think the decision is quite appropriate.
極めて妥当な判断と言える。
The concept for the Yamba Dam project dates back about 60 years. It is designed to prevent floods in watershed areas of the Tonegawa river system and provide a water resource for the Kanto region. With a total construction cost of 460 billion yen, the dam will be one of largest in the country.
約６０年前に構想が持ち上がった八ッ場ダムは、利根川流域の洪水防止と関東圏の水源としての利用が目的で、総工費４６００億円の国内最大級のダムである。
===
Maehara started turmoil
Under the slogan "from concrete to people," the Democratic Party of Japan included cancellation of the Yamba Dam project in its manifesto for the 2009 House of Representatives election, which brought about the DPJ-led administration.
民主党は「コンクリートから人へ」を掲げ、０９年衆院選の政権公約（マニフェスト）に八ッ場ダムの建設中止を盛り込んだ。
Seiji Maehara, now the DPJ's Policy Research Committee chair, became infrastructure minister after the 2009 election. Based on the manifesto's promise, he forcibly terminated the dam's construction without any consultation with local governments involved. That was the start of the turmoil.
政権交代後、国交相に就任した民主党の前原政調会長が、マニフェストを理由に、地元との協議もなく強引に建設をストップしたのが迷走劇の発端だ。
In the face of strong opposition by residents and local governments, then Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Minister Sumio Mabuchi in autumn 2010 effectively nullified Maehara's decision on the project. Subsequently, the ministry had been reexamining the project to decide whether the dam should be constructed.
地元住民や関係自治体の反発を受け、１０年秋には当時の馬淵国交相が中止を事実上棚上げした。その後、国交省が建設の可否を判断する検証作業を続けていた。
The DPJ has never come up with an alternative plan. Land ministers after Maehara just put off reaching a conclusion, bowing to the "manifesto-supremacism" within the party. This is nothing but political delinquency. The government as well as the DPJ must reflect seriously on their actions.
民主党は代替案も示さず、歴代国交相は党内のマニフェスト至上主義に配慮し、結論を先送りしてきただけだ。これでは政治の怠慢以外の何物でもない。政府・民主党は、猛省すべきである。
Maehara bears a particular heavy responsibility.
特に前原氏の責任は重い。
Although it was crystal clear there would be enormous side effects to canceling the construction, he did not accept the results of the ministry's reexamination of the project--which concluded construction is appropriate--to the end.
建設中止の副作用が大きいことは明白だったのに、建設が妥当と結論付けた検証結果を最後まで受け入れようとしなかった。
"If the government forces the construction costs through in the budget, the party won't approve it. I won't let the Cabinet approve it," Maehara said Thursday. This is going too far. It is unbelievable that these are statements of the policy chief of the ruling party. He should not cause further turmoil.
前原氏が「無理やり予算に入れるなら、党としては認めない。閣議決定させない」とまで述べたのは、行き過ぎだ。政権党の政策責任者の発言とは思えない。これ以上の混乱は避けるべきだ。
===
Residents made sacrifices
Years ago residents and local governments made a painful decision to accept the dam construction, and many residents moved from areas that were to be submerged under the planned dam lake. While the dam construction was up in the air, residents suffered more economic losses--a number of hot spring inns closed their doors, for example.
地元は苦渋の決断でダム建設を受け入れ、水没予定地から大勢の住民が転居した。ダム建設が宙に浮く間、温泉旅館の休業が相次ぐなど新たな打撃も受けた。
If construction had actually been canceled, plans to revive areas around the dam as tourism spots might have been scrapped.
このうえ建設中止となれば、ダム観光で再生を図る計画も頓挫しかねないところだった。
Already 80 percent of the total project costs have been spent on related works, such as construction of roads to replace ones that will become unusable. If the project had been axed, the government would have had to return funds to Tokyo and five other prefectures of the Tonegawa basin, which had paid out more than half of these costs.
道路の付け替えなど関連事業に総事業費の８割がすでに投じられている。中止の場合、半分以上を支出した流域の１都５県に対し、政府が費用を返還しなければならなくなる問題もあった。
We do not think anyone in the DPJ can say the party fully took such factors into consideration while the party was creating the manifesto. The government needs to flexibly review policies if defects and misjudgments become clear. It must learn this lesson from the Yamba Dam issue.
マニフェストを作成する段階でこうした事情を十分考慮したとは言えまい。欠陥や誤算が判明すれば、柔軟に見直す必要がある。八ッ場ダムから学ぶべき教訓だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Dec. 23, 2011)
（2011年12月23日01時38分 読売新聞）
プロフィール
ＨＮ：
srachai
ＨＰ：
性別：
男性
職業：
civil engineer
趣味：
子育て
自己紹介：
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
Yomiuri
Mainichi
Asahi
Japan Times
Washington Post
Newyork Times
Bangkok Post
The Nations
Phuket Gazette
[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
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英字新聞（毎日）
英字新聞（朝日）
英字新聞（朝日２）
[ スラチャイ編集の辞書 ]
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seesaaサイト内リンク一覧：
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02 別れのあいさつ
03 声をかけるとき
04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
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18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
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23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
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サイト外HPリンク一覧：
01 あいさつ
02 別れのあいさつ
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04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
07 相手の言うことがわからないとき
08 うまく言えないとき
09 一般的なあいづち
10 よくわからないときの返事
11 強めのあいづち
12 自分について述べるとき
13 相手のことを尋ねるとき
14 頼みごとをするとき
15 申し出・依頼を断るとき
16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
21 急いでもらいたいとき
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23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
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１４の戒律解説
第０１番目の戒律
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第０９番目の戒律
第１０番目の戒律
第１１番目の戒律
第１２番目の戒律
第１３番目の戒律
第１４番目の戒律