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September 05, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Attacks on guide dogs hurt owners, too
社説:刺された盲導犬 人の心も傷ついた
A guide dog for a blind man living in Saitama was injured in July after being stabbed by an unknown assailant. Guide dogs serve as eyes for the blind and support their owners' daily lives. The heartless attack left the dog's owner fearful of venturing outside, and deserves harsh criticism.
さいたま市の全盲の男性が連れていた盲導犬オスカーが７月下旬、何者かに腰付近を刺されけがをした。盲導犬は、視覚障害者の目の代わりになって生活を支える。男性は「ショックで外に出るのが怖い」と話したという。卑劣と言うほかない。
The perpetrator apparently harbors ill will and hostility toward visually impaired people. The incident has raised concerns that the Saitama case could trigger copycat crimes. The perpetrator in the latest incident not only inflicted deep physical and psychological damage on the guide dog, but also traumatized its owner. Police should thoroughly investigate the case.
視覚障害者に対する悪意や敵意を感じさせる事件だ。模倣犯が出てくるのではと不安も募る。オスカーにとどまらず、全盲の男性の心にも大きな傷を負わせた罪は重い。警察は徹底的に捜査してもらいたい。
It is suspected that the guide dog, named Oscar, was stabbed while he was accompanying the man on his way to work.
男性が仕事に向かう電車内でオスカーは被害に遭ったようだ。先のとがったもので刺されたとみられる。
Guide dogs and their owners share a close bond. They undergo training that lasts for nearly a year, and become partners for visually impaired people after going through a training camp with the owner over a period of about one month. Such guide dogs dedicate themselves to supporting their owners while the owners are legally required to look after the dogs in their daily lives in all aspects, including sanitation.
盲導犬と障害者の関係は濃密だ。１年近い訓練を経た盲導犬は、最後に障害者と約１カ月間の合宿生活を経てパートナーになる。盲導犬が献身する一方で、障害者側は衛生面を含めた日常の世話を尽くす義務を法的に負う。深い信頼関係で結ばれ、生活を共におくる。
Dogs that can enjoy living with people and gently react to people are selected as candidates to become guide dogs. They are trained not to bark unless their owners are in danger. Oscar did not bark even when he was stabbed.
人間との生活を楽しみ、穏やかに反応する犬が盲導犬に選ばれる。主人に危険が及んだ時以外はむやみにほえない。オスカーも刺された時にほえなかった。
Since the incident was reported by media outlets, misunderstanding has spread that guide dogs are trained to endure any pain. Some visually impaired people have received complaints from people with unimpaired eyesight that guide dogs are being suppressed. Such a lack of understanding deeply hurts the disabled and is intolerable.
そのため、事件の報道後、「盲導犬は痛みをがまんする訓練を受けている」との誤解が広まった。「盲導犬は抑圧されてかわいそう」といった、矛先を障害者に向けるかのような言葉を投げかけられた人もいる。看過できないことだ。こうした無理解が障害者を深く傷つける。
There are also many cases in which people attempt to hit guide dogs or deliberately step on their tails.
また傷害に至らなくても、盲導犬をたたこうとしたり、しっぽを踏んだりの嫌がらせは多くあるという。
The Act on Assistance Dogs for Physically Disabled Persons provides stipulations on guide dogs, hearing dogs, and service dogs, which help people with disabilities in their limbs. Enacted in 2002, the law stipulates that public facilities and public transportation systems as well as private facilities such as restaurants used by members of the general public are in principle forbidden from denying entry to people with such assistance dogs. Nevertheless, there are numerous incidents in which disabled people with assistance dogs are denied entry into such facilities.
盲導犬のほか、肢体の不自由な人を助ける介助犬、さらに聴導犬について定めた身体障害者補助犬法が２００２年に成立した。
公共施設や交通機関、民間でも不特定多数の人が利用する施設は、原則として補助犬を伴った入店を拒んではならないと規定する。だが、入店拒否がいまだ後を絶たない。
In some cases, managers of restaurants and medical institutions cite sanitation as a reason for not allowing assistance dogs to accompany their owners into their facilities. However, assistance dogs have been trained to excrete strictly in designated locations and are kept clean on the responsibility of their owners.
飲食店や医療機関などが衛生面などを理由に拒むことも多い。だが、補助犬は決まった場所でしか排せつしないようしつけられ、障害者の責任で清潔に保たれる。
It bears mentioning that the law requires facility managers to accept assistance dogs. Denying assistance dogs entry is tantamount to refusing to admit the disabled people they are accompanying.
そうした前提で、法が同伴の受け入れを義務付けていることを理解したい。補助犬を拒むことは、その隣にいる障害者を拒むことと同じなのだ。
The motives behind the cruel attack on the guide dog in Saitama remain unclear. Still, the incident reminds members of the public that general understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs is far from sufficient.
残忍な事件の動機は不明だが、障害者や補助犬への社会の理解がまだまだ足りない。事件をきっかけに、そんなことを考えさせられる。
Since the incident, however, organizations that train guide dogs and others supporting handicapped people have received messages from numerous citizens saying they want to help ensure the safety of guide dogs. Such voices will certainly lead to public understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs.
ただし、盲導犬の育成団体などには事件後、「市民の一員として盲導犬の安全を見守りたい」との声が多く寄せられたという。そうした声が社会の力となることを信じたい。
毎日新聞 2014年09月05日 02時40分
Editorial: Attacks on guide dogs hurt owners, too
社説:刺された盲導犬 人の心も傷ついた
A guide dog for a blind man living in Saitama was injured in July after being stabbed by an unknown assailant. Guide dogs serve as eyes for the blind and support their owners' daily lives. The heartless attack left the dog's owner fearful of venturing outside, and deserves harsh criticism.
さいたま市の全盲の男性が連れていた盲導犬オスカーが７月下旬、何者かに腰付近を刺されけがをした。盲導犬は、視覚障害者の目の代わりになって生活を支える。男性は「ショックで外に出るのが怖い」と話したという。卑劣と言うほかない。
The perpetrator apparently harbors ill will and hostility toward visually impaired people. The incident has raised concerns that the Saitama case could trigger copycat crimes. The perpetrator in the latest incident not only inflicted deep physical and psychological damage on the guide dog, but also traumatized its owner. Police should thoroughly investigate the case.
視覚障害者に対する悪意や敵意を感じさせる事件だ。模倣犯が出てくるのではと不安も募る。オスカーにとどまらず、全盲の男性の心にも大きな傷を負わせた罪は重い。警察は徹底的に捜査してもらいたい。
It is suspected that the guide dog, named Oscar, was stabbed while he was accompanying the man on his way to work.
男性が仕事に向かう電車内でオスカーは被害に遭ったようだ。先のとがったもので刺されたとみられる。
Guide dogs and their owners share a close bond. They undergo training that lasts for nearly a year, and become partners for visually impaired people after going through a training camp with the owner over a period of about one month. Such guide dogs dedicate themselves to supporting their owners while the owners are legally required to look after the dogs in their daily lives in all aspects, including sanitation.
盲導犬と障害者の関係は濃密だ。１年近い訓練を経た盲導犬は、最後に障害者と約１カ月間の合宿生活を経てパートナーになる。盲導犬が献身する一方で、障害者側は衛生面を含めた日常の世話を尽くす義務を法的に負う。深い信頼関係で結ばれ、生活を共におくる。
Dogs that can enjoy living with people and gently react to people are selected as candidates to become guide dogs. They are trained not to bark unless their owners are in danger. Oscar did not bark even when he was stabbed.
人間との生活を楽しみ、穏やかに反応する犬が盲導犬に選ばれる。主人に危険が及んだ時以外はむやみにほえない。オスカーも刺された時にほえなかった。
Since the incident was reported by media outlets, misunderstanding has spread that guide dogs are trained to endure any pain. Some visually impaired people have received complaints from people with unimpaired eyesight that guide dogs are being suppressed. Such a lack of understanding deeply hurts the disabled and is intolerable.
そのため、事件の報道後、「盲導犬は痛みをがまんする訓練を受けている」との誤解が広まった。「盲導犬は抑圧されてかわいそう」といった、矛先を障害者に向けるかのような言葉を投げかけられた人もいる。看過できないことだ。こうした無理解が障害者を深く傷つける。
There are also many cases in which people attempt to hit guide dogs or deliberately step on their tails.
また傷害に至らなくても、盲導犬をたたこうとしたり、しっぽを踏んだりの嫌がらせは多くあるという。
The Act on Assistance Dogs for Physically Disabled Persons provides stipulations on guide dogs, hearing dogs, and service dogs, which help people with disabilities in their limbs. Enacted in 2002, the law stipulates that public facilities and public transportation systems as well as private facilities such as restaurants used by members of the general public are in principle forbidden from denying entry to people with such assistance dogs. Nevertheless, there are numerous incidents in which disabled people with assistance dogs are denied entry into such facilities.
盲導犬のほか、肢体の不自由な人を助ける介助犬、さらに聴導犬について定めた身体障害者補助犬法が２００２年に成立した。
公共施設や交通機関、民間でも不特定多数の人が利用する施設は、原則として補助犬を伴った入店を拒んではならないと規定する。だが、入店拒否がいまだ後を絶たない。
In some cases, managers of restaurants and medical institutions cite sanitation as a reason for not allowing assistance dogs to accompany their owners into their facilities. However, assistance dogs have been trained to excrete strictly in designated locations and are kept clean on the responsibility of their owners.
飲食店や医療機関などが衛生面などを理由に拒むことも多い。だが、補助犬は決まった場所でしか排せつしないようしつけられ、障害者の責任で清潔に保たれる。
It bears mentioning that the law requires facility managers to accept assistance dogs. Denying assistance dogs entry is tantamount to refusing to admit the disabled people they are accompanying.
そうした前提で、法が同伴の受け入れを義務付けていることを理解したい。補助犬を拒むことは、その隣にいる障害者を拒むことと同じなのだ。
The motives behind the cruel attack on the guide dog in Saitama remain unclear. Still, the incident reminds members of the public that general understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs is far from sufficient.
残忍な事件の動機は不明だが、障害者や補助犬への社会の理解がまだまだ足りない。事件をきっかけに、そんなことを考えさせられる。
Since the incident, however, organizations that train guide dogs and others supporting handicapped people have received messages from numerous citizens saying they want to help ensure the safety of guide dogs. Such voices will certainly lead to public understanding of disabled people and assistance dogs.
ただし、盲導犬の育成団体などには事件後、「市民の一員として盲導犬の安全を見守りたい」との声が多く寄せられたという。そうした声が社会の力となることを信じたい。
毎日新聞 2014年09月05日 02時40分
PR
September 01, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: National Disaster Prevention Day a reminder to be prepared
社説:防災の日 身を守る力を備えよう
Work is still under way to search for those missing after being hit by a series of mudslides in Hiroshima and to help the city recover from the disaster.
広島市の大規模土砂災害は、今も懸命の捜索・復旧活動が続く。
Numerous questions have been raised over the huge damage caused by the tragedy, such as why the lives of more than 70 people were lost, why the local authorities were slow to issue an evacuation advisory and why little progress had been made before the disaster in designating vulnerable areas as caution zones under the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas.
なぜ７０人を超える命が失われたのか。行政側の避難勧告の遅れや、土砂災害防止法に基づく警戒区域の指定が後手に回ったことなど、被害が拡大した要因が徐々に明らかになりつつある。
It is indispensable for both the national and local governments to assess their responses to the disaster in detail.
行政の対応のきめ細かな検証が今後、不可欠だ。
There are people who were killed by the disaster and those who survived even though they were in the same areas. It is also important to analyze the behavior of the disaster victims and survivors to ascertain the difference between life and death.
一方、同じ現場にいながら助かった人と犠牲になった人がいる。生死を分けた要因は何か。被災者の行動を分析することも重要だ。
Sept. 1 has been designated by the central government as National Disaster Prevention Day. We must learn lessons from the Hiroshima mudslides and put them to good use as countermeasures against future disasters.
きょうは「防災の日」だ。広島の災害から教訓をくみ取り、今後の防災対策に生かさねばならない。
◇宅地開発規制の議論を
Apart from mudslides there have been other serious water-related disasters such as floods and rivers overflowing in recent years. It is still fresh in people's memory that a powerful typhoon brought record rain to Izu Oshima Island south of Tokyo in October 2013, triggering large-scale mudslides and leaving 39 people dead or missing. Torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011 -- half a year after the Great East Japan Earthquake -- also killed nearly 100 people.
土砂災害に限らず、浸水害や河川の氾濫を含めた水害が近年、猛威を振るう。昨年１０月、台風２６号により東京都大島町で記録的な大雨が降り、土石流による死者・行方不明者が３９人に上ったのは記憶に新しい。東日本大震災が起きた２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨の犠牲者も１００人近くに上った。
The annual amount of rainfall throughout the Japanese archipelago, situated in a rainy region, surpasses 1,700 millimeters on average, nearly twice the world average. Moreover, rainfall is concentrated in the rainy season from June to mid-July and in periods when the archipelago is hit frequently by typhoons.
多雨地帯に位置する日本の年平均降水量は１７００ミリを超え、世界平均の約２倍に上る。梅雨や台風の時期に雨が集中するのも特徴だ。
Rain not only brings essential water but also causes disasters. In recent years, localized torrential rain often dubbed as "guerrilla downpours," and large typhoons have hit Japan. Many areas in the rest of the world have been hit by floods triggered by large-scale hurricanes. Some experts have warned that the number of floods will increase because of the effects of global warming. It should be kept in mind that people across the world face growing risks of floods.
雨は恵みをもたらすが、災害も引き起こす。しかも近年、ゲリラ豪雨と呼ばれる局地的な大雨や台風の大型化が目立つ。世界的にも大型ハリケーンなどによる水害が多発している。地球温暖化で洪水が今後増加するとの指摘もある。水害の危険はますます高まるとみるべきだ。
In implementing countermeasures against floods, particular attention should be focused on efforts to deal with urbanization, or population concentration in small areas.
水害対策に当たってまず念頭に置くべきは、狭い地域に人口が密集する都市化への対応だ。
The Hiroshima mudslides are the consequence of a housing development that began in the central part of the city reaching areas just at the foot of a mountainous region. Housing developments have been conducted in a similar way in numerous areas throughout the archipelago. In Tokyo and ordinance-designated major cities alone, there are 28,000 areas prone to mudslides.
広島の土砂災害は、都市部の宅地開発が山の近くにまで広がった結果として起きた。同じように宅地開発を進めた地域は全国いたるところにある。政令市と東京都だけで、土砂災害の恐れのある危険箇所は２万８０００カ所を超える。
On the other hand, little progress has been made in efforts to restrict housing developments in such disaster-prone areas. There is a wide gap between areas in the degree of progress in designating areas prone to mudslides as caution zones. Little progress in such efforts has been made in not only Hiroshima but also other urban cities such as Sapporo, Sendai and Nagoya. Keiji Furuya, state minister for disaster prevention, has suggested that the government intends to seek revisions to the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas to make it easier for prefectural governors to designate disaster-prone areas as caution zones at their own discretion.
一方で、危険な場所での宅地開発規制は、なかなか進まない。土砂災害警戒区域の指定は政令市によって差があり、広島市以外も札幌、仙台、名古屋各市の低さが目立つ。古屋圭司防災担当相は、都道府県知事が区域指定をしやすくなるよう土砂災害防止法を改正する意向を示した。
However, making it easier to make such designations alone is insufficient. The Diet should hold in-depth debate on how to prevent people from moving into mudslide-prone areas and whether to consider relocating those living in areas vulnerable to such disasters, among other points of contention.
指定をしやすくするだけでは十分でない。危険な場所に新たに人が移り住まないようにする手立てはどうするのか。真に危険な場所からは、住居の移転も検討すべきではないのか。さまざまな論点について、国会で議論を尽くしてほしい。
About 70 percent of the Japanese archipelago consists of mountains, while the remainder is hills and low-lying areas. About half of Japan's total population is concentrated in urban areas and other regions that face high risks of floods.
日本の国土の約７割は山地で、残りが台地や低地だ。都市部を中心に洪水の可能性がある場所に人口の５０％が集中している。
In 2010, a panel of experts on countermeasures against large-scale floods within the government's Central Disaster Management Council released a report under the radical title, "Floods in the metropolitan area -- measures that should be taken to lessen damage."
中央防災会議の「大規模水害対策に関する専門調査会」が１０年、報告書を公表した。副題は「首都圏水没〜被害軽減のために取るべき対策とは〜」と刺激的である。
In the worst-case scenario incorporated in the report, up to 6,300 people would die if the Tone River were to overflow and up to 3,500 people would lose their lives if the Arakawa River were to flood. In case a massive amount of water flows into underground spaces such as subway tunnels, the scale of floods would rapidly expand. Such floods would deal a serious blow to politics and the economy, just like a powerful earthquake occurring right below the Tokyo metropolitan area.
大雨によって利根川が氾濫した場合、最悪で６３００人、荒川で３５００人の死者が出る想定だ。地下鉄など地下に張り巡らされた空間に水が流れ込めば、短時間で浸水が拡大する。首都直下地震が襲った時と同様、政治や経済への影響も甚大だ。
The Kansai and Nagoya regions face high risks of floods as their population is concentrated in areas at ground level and many typhoons pass these regions.
首都圏に限らない。関西や名古屋地区も海抜ゼロメートル地帯に人口が集中し、台風の通り道でもあるため、極めて水害の危険が高い。
◇都市の水害危機は深刻
It goes without saying that it is important to step up flood-control measures, but the central and local governments must work closely to utilize land with the risk of floods in mind and consider how to reside in areas vulnerable to floods.
治水対策の強化はもちろんだが、水害を想定した土地利用、さらには住まい方の工夫を政府、自治体一丸となって進めなければならない。
Although the accuracy of meteorological observations has been improving, it is still difficult to precisely and quickly predict localized torrential rain that lasts for only a short period of time. Such being the case, local government responses, such as issuing evacuation advisories, are called into question whenever a serious disaster occurs.
気象観測の精度は上がっているが、局地的な短時間の大雨を的確かつタイムリーに予測するのは難しい。住民に避難を呼びかける行政対応が災害のたびに問題化する。
The Hiroshima Municipal Government has admitted that it was slow to issue an evacuation advisory at the time of the mudslides. The Cabinet Office has set guidelines that require local bodies to promptly issue evacuation advisories or orders without fear of being criticized for overreacting to disasters. However, many residents choose to stay home despite evacuation advisories and officials at local governments appear to often hesitate to issue such recommendations.
広島の土砂災害でも、広島市が避難勧告の遅れを認めた。内閣府が、「空振り」を恐れずに勧告を出すよう指針を示したが、勧告を出しても住民が避難しない場合が多く、現場の判断も迷うことが多いようだ。
Regardless, local governments must not hesitate to call on residents to flee their homes if there is imminent danger. Therefore, the national and local governments should clarify the criteria for issuing such advisories by learning lessons from past disasters and by improving their practical measures to respond to disasters.
それでも危険が迫れば、ためらわず避難を呼びかけるのが大前提だ。数々の災害の教訓を生かした発令基準の明確化など、行政は防災実務の一層の改善に取り組むべきだ。
At the same time, citizens should raise their awareness of the need to be prepared for serious natural disasters. In a column he wrote for the Japan Meteorological Agency's annual report for fiscal 2012, Gunma University professor Toshitaka Katada pointed out that citizens have failed to take proactive action to fully utilize information on natural disasters to protect their own lives.
"It is not necessarily true that improvement in the accuracy of disaster information directly leads to the enhancement of disaster countermeasures," he wrote.
同時に住民の意識改革もまた必要である。群馬大学大学院の片田敏孝教授は、気象庁が刊行する「気象業務はいま」（１２年版）のコラムで「災害情報の高度化が防災の向上に直結するのかと言えば必ずしもそうではない」と述べ、住民が災害情報を生かさず、自分の命を守ることへの主体性が欠落していると指摘した。
The phrase "normalcy bias" refers to the psychological tendency to underestimate the imminent danger people face even if they obtain information on the danger they actually face. Experts have pointed out that victims of tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake showed this mental state.
「正常化の偏見」という言葉がある。危険が迫っていることを知らせる情報を得ても、自分の身にそんな事態が差し迫っていると考えない心理傾向を指す。東日本大震災の津波被害でも報告された。
Instead of simply relying on government organizations, all citizens should have enough knowledge of the areas they live in, and choose a location where they would take shelter or a location within their home where they would seek cover in case of a serious disaster.
行政頼りでなく住んでいる地域を自ら知り、避難場所や屋内の逃げ場所を決めておきたい。
If they face an imminent disaster, people should proactively gather information to pay close attention to any warning signs.
いざ災害の可能性が現実化した場合は、情報を収集し、災害の前兆にも気を配る必要がある。
People have nobody but themselves to rely on to protect their own lives.
命を守る最後のとりでは自分自身だ。
Of course, regional communities as a whole must help the elderly and other residents who are vulnerable to disasters. もちろん、高齢者など災害弱者は、地域全体で助けねばならない。
With this fully in mind, all citizens should enhance their preparedness for powerful earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters.
そうした姿勢で、地震や津波、火山の噴火などあらゆる自然災害への防災力を高めよう。
毎日新聞 2014年09月01日 02時30分
Editorial: National Disaster Prevention Day a reminder to be prepared
社説:防災の日 身を守る力を備えよう
Work is still under way to search for those missing after being hit by a series of mudslides in Hiroshima and to help the city recover from the disaster.
広島市の大規模土砂災害は、今も懸命の捜索・復旧活動が続く。
Numerous questions have been raised over the huge damage caused by the tragedy, such as why the lives of more than 70 people were lost, why the local authorities were slow to issue an evacuation advisory and why little progress had been made before the disaster in designating vulnerable areas as caution zones under the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas.
なぜ７０人を超える命が失われたのか。行政側の避難勧告の遅れや、土砂災害防止法に基づく警戒区域の指定が後手に回ったことなど、被害が拡大した要因が徐々に明らかになりつつある。
It is indispensable for both the national and local governments to assess their responses to the disaster in detail.
行政の対応のきめ細かな検証が今後、不可欠だ。
There are people who were killed by the disaster and those who survived even though they were in the same areas. It is also important to analyze the behavior of the disaster victims and survivors to ascertain the difference between life and death.
一方、同じ現場にいながら助かった人と犠牲になった人がいる。生死を分けた要因は何か。被災者の行動を分析することも重要だ。
Sept. 1 has been designated by the central government as National Disaster Prevention Day. We must learn lessons from the Hiroshima mudslides and put them to good use as countermeasures against future disasters.
きょうは「防災の日」だ。広島の災害から教訓をくみ取り、今後の防災対策に生かさねばならない。
◇宅地開発規制の議論を
Apart from mudslides there have been other serious water-related disasters such as floods and rivers overflowing in recent years. It is still fresh in people's memory that a powerful typhoon brought record rain to Izu Oshima Island south of Tokyo in October 2013, triggering large-scale mudslides and leaving 39 people dead or missing. Torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011 -- half a year after the Great East Japan Earthquake -- also killed nearly 100 people.
土砂災害に限らず、浸水害や河川の氾濫を含めた水害が近年、猛威を振るう。昨年１０月、台風２６号により東京都大島町で記録的な大雨が降り、土石流による死者・行方不明者が３９人に上ったのは記憶に新しい。東日本大震災が起きた２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨の犠牲者も１００人近くに上った。
The annual amount of rainfall throughout the Japanese archipelago, situated in a rainy region, surpasses 1,700 millimeters on average, nearly twice the world average. Moreover, rainfall is concentrated in the rainy season from June to mid-July and in periods when the archipelago is hit frequently by typhoons.
多雨地帯に位置する日本の年平均降水量は１７００ミリを超え、世界平均の約２倍に上る。梅雨や台風の時期に雨が集中するのも特徴だ。
Rain not only brings essential water but also causes disasters. In recent years, localized torrential rain often dubbed as "guerrilla downpours," and large typhoons have hit Japan. Many areas in the rest of the world have been hit by floods triggered by large-scale hurricanes. Some experts have warned that the number of floods will increase because of the effects of global warming. It should be kept in mind that people across the world face growing risks of floods.
雨は恵みをもたらすが、災害も引き起こす。しかも近年、ゲリラ豪雨と呼ばれる局地的な大雨や台風の大型化が目立つ。世界的にも大型ハリケーンなどによる水害が多発している。地球温暖化で洪水が今後増加するとの指摘もある。水害の危険はますます高まるとみるべきだ。
In implementing countermeasures against floods, particular attention should be focused on efforts to deal with urbanization, or population concentration in small areas.
水害対策に当たってまず念頭に置くべきは、狭い地域に人口が密集する都市化への対応だ。
The Hiroshima mudslides are the consequence of a housing development that began in the central part of the city reaching areas just at the foot of a mountainous region. Housing developments have been conducted in a similar way in numerous areas throughout the archipelago. In Tokyo and ordinance-designated major cities alone, there are 28,000 areas prone to mudslides.
広島の土砂災害は、都市部の宅地開発が山の近くにまで広がった結果として起きた。同じように宅地開発を進めた地域は全国いたるところにある。政令市と東京都だけで、土砂災害の恐れのある危険箇所は２万８０００カ所を超える。
On the other hand, little progress has been made in efforts to restrict housing developments in such disaster-prone areas. There is a wide gap between areas in the degree of progress in designating areas prone to mudslides as caution zones. Little progress in such efforts has been made in not only Hiroshima but also other urban cities such as Sapporo, Sendai and Nagoya. Keiji Furuya, state minister for disaster prevention, has suggested that the government intends to seek revisions to the Act on Promotion of Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas to make it easier for prefectural governors to designate disaster-prone areas as caution zones at their own discretion.
一方で、危険な場所での宅地開発規制は、なかなか進まない。土砂災害警戒区域の指定は政令市によって差があり、広島市以外も札幌、仙台、名古屋各市の低さが目立つ。古屋圭司防災担当相は、都道府県知事が区域指定をしやすくなるよう土砂災害防止法を改正する意向を示した。
However, making it easier to make such designations alone is insufficient. The Diet should hold in-depth debate on how to prevent people from moving into mudslide-prone areas and whether to consider relocating those living in areas vulnerable to such disasters, among other points of contention.
指定をしやすくするだけでは十分でない。危険な場所に新たに人が移り住まないようにする手立てはどうするのか。真に危険な場所からは、住居の移転も検討すべきではないのか。さまざまな論点について、国会で議論を尽くしてほしい。
About 70 percent of the Japanese archipelago consists of mountains, while the remainder is hills and low-lying areas. About half of Japan's total population is concentrated in urban areas and other regions that face high risks of floods.
日本の国土の約７割は山地で、残りが台地や低地だ。都市部を中心に洪水の可能性がある場所に人口の５０％が集中している。
In 2010, a panel of experts on countermeasures against large-scale floods within the government's Central Disaster Management Council released a report under the radical title, "Floods in the metropolitan area -- measures that should be taken to lessen damage."
中央防災会議の「大規模水害対策に関する専門調査会」が１０年、報告書を公表した。副題は「首都圏水没〜被害軽減のために取るべき対策とは〜」と刺激的である。
In the worst-case scenario incorporated in the report, up to 6,300 people would die if the Tone River were to overflow and up to 3,500 people would lose their lives if the Arakawa River were to flood. In case a massive amount of water flows into underground spaces such as subway tunnels, the scale of floods would rapidly expand. Such floods would deal a serious blow to politics and the economy, just like a powerful earthquake occurring right below the Tokyo metropolitan area.
大雨によって利根川が氾濫した場合、最悪で６３００人、荒川で３５００人の死者が出る想定だ。地下鉄など地下に張り巡らされた空間に水が流れ込めば、短時間で浸水が拡大する。首都直下地震が襲った時と同様、政治や経済への影響も甚大だ。
The Kansai and Nagoya regions face high risks of floods as their population is concentrated in areas at ground level and many typhoons pass these regions.
首都圏に限らない。関西や名古屋地区も海抜ゼロメートル地帯に人口が集中し、台風の通り道でもあるため、極めて水害の危険が高い。
◇都市の水害危機は深刻
It goes without saying that it is important to step up flood-control measures, but the central and local governments must work closely to utilize land with the risk of floods in mind and consider how to reside in areas vulnerable to floods.
治水対策の強化はもちろんだが、水害を想定した土地利用、さらには住まい方の工夫を政府、自治体一丸となって進めなければならない。
Although the accuracy of meteorological observations has been improving, it is still difficult to precisely and quickly predict localized torrential rain that lasts for only a short period of time. Such being the case, local government responses, such as issuing evacuation advisories, are called into question whenever a serious disaster occurs.
気象観測の精度は上がっているが、局地的な短時間の大雨を的確かつタイムリーに予測するのは難しい。住民に避難を呼びかける行政対応が災害のたびに問題化する。
The Hiroshima Municipal Government has admitted that it was slow to issue an evacuation advisory at the time of the mudslides. The Cabinet Office has set guidelines that require local bodies to promptly issue evacuation advisories or orders without fear of being criticized for overreacting to disasters. However, many residents choose to stay home despite evacuation advisories and officials at local governments appear to often hesitate to issue such recommendations.
広島の土砂災害でも、広島市が避難勧告の遅れを認めた。内閣府が、「空振り」を恐れずに勧告を出すよう指針を示したが、勧告を出しても住民が避難しない場合が多く、現場の判断も迷うことが多いようだ。
Regardless, local governments must not hesitate to call on residents to flee their homes if there is imminent danger. Therefore, the national and local governments should clarify the criteria for issuing such advisories by learning lessons from past disasters and by improving their practical measures to respond to disasters.
それでも危険が迫れば、ためらわず避難を呼びかけるのが大前提だ。数々の災害の教訓を生かした発令基準の明確化など、行政は防災実務の一層の改善に取り組むべきだ。
At the same time, citizens should raise their awareness of the need to be prepared for serious natural disasters. In a column he wrote for the Japan Meteorological Agency's annual report for fiscal 2012, Gunma University professor Toshitaka Katada pointed out that citizens have failed to take proactive action to fully utilize information on natural disasters to protect their own lives.
"It is not necessarily true that improvement in the accuracy of disaster information directly leads to the enhancement of disaster countermeasures," he wrote.
同時に住民の意識改革もまた必要である。群馬大学大学院の片田敏孝教授は、気象庁が刊行する「気象業務はいま」（１２年版）のコラムで「災害情報の高度化が防災の向上に直結するのかと言えば必ずしもそうではない」と述べ、住民が災害情報を生かさず、自分の命を守ることへの主体性が欠落していると指摘した。
The phrase "normalcy bias" refers to the psychological tendency to underestimate the imminent danger people face even if they obtain information on the danger they actually face. Experts have pointed out that victims of tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake showed this mental state.
「正常化の偏見」という言葉がある。危険が迫っていることを知らせる情報を得ても、自分の身にそんな事態が差し迫っていると考えない心理傾向を指す。東日本大震災の津波被害でも報告された。
Instead of simply relying on government organizations, all citizens should have enough knowledge of the areas they live in, and choose a location where they would take shelter or a location within their home where they would seek cover in case of a serious disaster.
行政頼りでなく住んでいる地域を自ら知り、避難場所や屋内の逃げ場所を決めておきたい。
If they face an imminent disaster, people should proactively gather information to pay close attention to any warning signs.
いざ災害の可能性が現実化した場合は、情報を収集し、災害の前兆にも気を配る必要がある。
People have nobody but themselves to rely on to protect their own lives.
命を守る最後のとりでは自分自身だ。
Of course, regional communities as a whole must help the elderly and other residents who are vulnerable to disasters. もちろん、高齢者など災害弱者は、地域全体で助けねばならない。
With this fully in mind, all citizens should enhance their preparedness for powerful earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters.
そうした姿勢で、地震や津波、火山の噴火などあらゆる自然災害への防災力を高めよう。
毎日新聞 2014年09月01日 02時30分
The Yomiuri Shimbun
No optimism warranted on prospects of realizing peace in Gaza Strip
ガザ停戦合意 楽観できぬ和平実現への道
It is imperative to seek ways to realize a permanent ceasefire and pursue the road to peace in the Gaza Strip.
恒久的停戦を実現し、和平への道を探らなければならない。
The Palestinian Islamist group Hamas, which has effective control over the Palestinian autonomous region of Gaza, and Israel have agreed to an open-ended ceasefire after 50 days of fighting.
パレスチナ自治区ガザを実効支配するイスラム主義組織ハマスとイスラエルが、５０日の戦闘の末、ようやく無期限の停戦に合意した。
The death toll has topped 2,100 in Gaza, and most of the victims are civilians, including women and children. The two sides must give top priority to maintaining the ceasefire.
ガザ地区の死者は２１００人を超え、その大半が女性や子供など一般市民だった。双方は、停戦維持を最優先すべきである。
Since fighting started in early July, temporary ceasefires have taken effect several times through Egypt’s mediation, but none lasted for long.
７月上旬の戦闘開始以来、エジプトの仲介による時限付きの停戦が何度か発効したが、いずれも長続きしなかった。
The recent truce was agreed upon because Hamas developed a heightened sense of crisis after three of its military leaders were assassinated by Israel. On the other hand, Israel had been pressed to bring the conflict to an early end, in light of the fact that the popularity ratings for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s administration have plummeted due to an increase in the number of victims from the conflict.
無期限停戦が成立したのは、イスラエルによって軍事部門の幹部３人を暗殺されたハマスが、危機感を強めたためだ。イスラエルにも、犠牲者の増加でネタニヤフ政権の支持率が急落し、早期収拾を迫られていた事情がある。
Following the recent ceasefire accord, Israel relaxed the economic blockade it had been imposing since the Hamas seizure of Gaza in 2007, allowing humanitarian aid and materials for reconstruction work to be transported into Gaza.
今回の合意を受け、イスラエルは、２００７年のハマスによるガザ制圧以来続けてきた経済封鎖を緩和した。人道支援物資や、復旧に必要な建築資材の搬入なども認められることになった。
The U.N. World Food Program has begun to provide food assistance to Gaza.
国連の世界食糧計画（ＷＦＰ）は食糧援助を開始している。
Bumpy road ahead
However, a rough road lies ahead for reconstruction of the autonomous region.
ただ、復旧への道は険しい。
Gaza has suffered destruction on an unprecedented scale. Its economy has been brought to the brink of collapse, with the unemployment rate reaching 50 percent. It will be difficult for Hamas to procure the estimated reconstruction costs of $6 billion on its own. Hamas faces the challenge of finding a way to secure aid from the international community.
ガザは、前例のない規模で破壊された。失業率が５０％に達するなど経済も破綻状態で、６０億ドルと見込まれる復旧費用を自力で調達するのは困難だ。国際社会による支援が課題となろう。
There is concern in the United States, Europe and Egypt that if a huge amount of assistance money is provided to Hamas, which calls for the defeat of Israel, it will be misused to beef up its military capabilities.
欧米やエジプトには、イスラエル打倒を掲げるハマスに多額の援助をすると、戦力増強に転用されかねないと懸念する声がある。
In actuality, Hamas has replenished its rocket artillery and other arms every time clashes with Israel came to a standstill and then resumed attacks.
実際にハマスは、イスラエルとの衝突が一段落する度に、ロケット弾などの武器を補充し、攻撃を再開してきた。
For an international assistance framework to be created, it is indispensable for the Palestinian Authority, which has formed an interim government with Hamas, to serve as a channel to receive assistance, thereby ensuring transparency in the flow of aid supplies and funds. The political leadership of Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, is being put to the test in this regard.
国際的な支援の枠組みを作るには、ハマスと暫定統一政府を組むパレスチナ自治政府が支援の窓口となり、援助物資や資金の流れの透明性を確保することが欠かせまい。アッバス自治政府議長の政治的指導力が試される。
It was also agreed that Israel and Hamas would enter indirect talks on a permanent ceasefire within a month, with Egypt acting as an intermediary. Starting the negotiations smoothly could be the first step toward achieving peace.
一方、恒久的な停戦に向けた協議は、エジプトを仲介役とした間接交渉の形で、１か月以内に始められることになった。着実な交渉開始が和平への第一歩となる。
Israel wants to ensure its own national security, while Hamas has asked for a complete lifting of the Gaza blockade and the release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. Each of these demands has been left pending, as the two sides have stood firm on their positions. No optimism is warranted regarding the future course of talks.
イスラエルは自国の安全保障を、ハマスはガザ封鎖の完全解除やパレスチナ囚人釈放などを要求している。いずれも、双方が鋭く対立してきた懸案である。交渉の行方は楽観を許さない。
International efforts—centering on those by Egypt, which has served as an intermediary in the negotiations, and the United States, which can exert influence over Israel—are essential to spur the promotion of mutual concessions by the two conflicting parties.
仲介役のエジプトや、イスラエルへの影響力を持つ米国を中心に、国際社会が歩み寄りを促す努力を続けることが重要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 29, 2014)Speech
No optimism warranted on prospects of realizing peace in Gaza Strip
ガザ停戦合意 楽観できぬ和平実現への道
It is imperative to seek ways to realize a permanent ceasefire and pursue the road to peace in the Gaza Strip.
恒久的停戦を実現し、和平への道を探らなければならない。
The Palestinian Islamist group Hamas, which has effective control over the Palestinian autonomous region of Gaza, and Israel have agreed to an open-ended ceasefire after 50 days of fighting.
パレスチナ自治区ガザを実効支配するイスラム主義組織ハマスとイスラエルが、５０日の戦闘の末、ようやく無期限の停戦に合意した。
The death toll has topped 2,100 in Gaza, and most of the victims are civilians, including women and children. The two sides must give top priority to maintaining the ceasefire.
ガザ地区の死者は２１００人を超え、その大半が女性や子供など一般市民だった。双方は、停戦維持を最優先すべきである。
Since fighting started in early July, temporary ceasefires have taken effect several times through Egypt’s mediation, but none lasted for long.
７月上旬の戦闘開始以来、エジプトの仲介による時限付きの停戦が何度か発効したが、いずれも長続きしなかった。
The recent truce was agreed upon because Hamas developed a heightened sense of crisis after three of its military leaders were assassinated by Israel. On the other hand, Israel had been pressed to bring the conflict to an early end, in light of the fact that the popularity ratings for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s administration have plummeted due to an increase in the number of victims from the conflict.
無期限停戦が成立したのは、イスラエルによって軍事部門の幹部３人を暗殺されたハマスが、危機感を強めたためだ。イスラエルにも、犠牲者の増加でネタニヤフ政権の支持率が急落し、早期収拾を迫られていた事情がある。
Following the recent ceasefire accord, Israel relaxed the economic blockade it had been imposing since the Hamas seizure of Gaza in 2007, allowing humanitarian aid and materials for reconstruction work to be transported into Gaza.
今回の合意を受け、イスラエルは、２００７年のハマスによるガザ制圧以来続けてきた経済封鎖を緩和した。人道支援物資や、復旧に必要な建築資材の搬入なども認められることになった。
The U.N. World Food Program has begun to provide food assistance to Gaza.
国連の世界食糧計画（ＷＦＰ）は食糧援助を開始している。
Bumpy road ahead
However, a rough road lies ahead for reconstruction of the autonomous region.
ただ、復旧への道は険しい。
Gaza has suffered destruction on an unprecedented scale. Its economy has been brought to the brink of collapse, with the unemployment rate reaching 50 percent. It will be difficult for Hamas to procure the estimated reconstruction costs of $6 billion on its own. Hamas faces the challenge of finding a way to secure aid from the international community.
ガザは、前例のない規模で破壊された。失業率が５０％に達するなど経済も破綻状態で、６０億ドルと見込まれる復旧費用を自力で調達するのは困難だ。国際社会による支援が課題となろう。
There is concern in the United States, Europe and Egypt that if a huge amount of assistance money is provided to Hamas, which calls for the defeat of Israel, it will be misused to beef up its military capabilities.
欧米やエジプトには、イスラエル打倒を掲げるハマスに多額の援助をすると、戦力増強に転用されかねないと懸念する声がある。
In actuality, Hamas has replenished its rocket artillery and other arms every time clashes with Israel came to a standstill and then resumed attacks.
実際にハマスは、イスラエルとの衝突が一段落する度に、ロケット弾などの武器を補充し、攻撃を再開してきた。
For an international assistance framework to be created, it is indispensable for the Palestinian Authority, which has formed an interim government with Hamas, to serve as a channel to receive assistance, thereby ensuring transparency in the flow of aid supplies and funds. The political leadership of Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, is being put to the test in this regard.
国際的な支援の枠組みを作るには、ハマスと暫定統一政府を組むパレスチナ自治政府が支援の窓口となり、援助物資や資金の流れの透明性を確保することが欠かせまい。アッバス自治政府議長の政治的指導力が試される。
It was also agreed that Israel and Hamas would enter indirect talks on a permanent ceasefire within a month, with Egypt acting as an intermediary. Starting the negotiations smoothly could be the first step toward achieving peace.
一方、恒久的な停戦に向けた協議は、エジプトを仲介役とした間接交渉の形で、１か月以内に始められることになった。着実な交渉開始が和平への第一歩となる。
Israel wants to ensure its own national security, while Hamas has asked for a complete lifting of the Gaza blockade and the release of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel. Each of these demands has been left pending, as the two sides have stood firm on their positions. No optimism is warranted regarding the future course of talks.
イスラエルは自国の安全保障を、ハマスはガザ封鎖の完全解除やパレスチナ囚人釈放などを要求している。いずれも、双方が鋭く対立してきた懸案である。交渉の行方は楽観を許さない。
International efforts—centering on those by Egypt, which has served as an intermediary in the negotiations, and the United States, which can exert influence over Israel—are essential to spur the promotion of mutual concessions by the two conflicting parties.
仲介役のエジプトや、イスラエルへの影響力を持つ米国を中心に、国際社会が歩み寄りを促す努力を続けることが重要だ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 29, 2014)Speech
August 24, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Publically shaming criminals online is going too far
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:招きたくない監視社会 ／東京
Recently, a comic store generated controversy with a threat to publically release the image of a shoplifter's face who was caught on a security camera stealing an expensive figurine. The store first released an image of the shoplifter with his face pixelated and threatened to remove the pixilation if the person did not return the figurine by a certain day.
漫画専門店で売り物の高価なフィギュアを万引きした男性。監視カメラでとらえられており、映像のネット公開をめぐって議論が起きた。店側はまずモザイクつきの写真をネットにアップし、期日までに返却に来なければモザイクをはずすと呼びかけたが、
In the end, at the urging of police, the store did not remove the pixilation. However, in on-the-street interviews on television shows, many people gave the opinion that the pixilation should have been removed, to help deter future shoplifters.
結局、警察の指導などにより公開は見送った。情報番組の街頭インタビューなどでは「再犯防止のためにも公開すべきだったのでは」といった厳しい声も目立った。
Crime is said to be overall on the decline, but shoplifting numbers refuse to fall. Perhaps lacking awareness that what they have done is a crime, some shoplifters supposedly take a defiant attitude, saying, "As long as I return it, there's no problem, right?"
犯罪は全体としては減る方向にあると言われるが、万引きはいっこうに減少しない。犯罪という自覚がないのか、店側が見つけても「返せばいいんだろう」と開き直るケースもあるとのことだ。
Some small retailers are supposedly affected quite badly by shoplifting, so it is not a problem that can be overlooked. 経営に大きな支障が出る小売店もあるというから、見逃せない問題だ。
However, we must be careful about the idea that a store can set up its own "punishment," by for example threatening to release a photo of a shoplifter's face.
とはいえ、店側が「監視カメラの映像をネットで公開します」など独自の“罰”をもうける動きには慎重にならなくてはならない。
In this day and age, using the Internet one can easily find all kinds of information about a person -- their name, their address, their place of work.
It can lead to ruining a person's standing in society.
とくにこの時代、ネットを使えば名前、自宅、職場などが簡単に特定され、その人の社会的生命が断たれるほどのダメージを与えることにもなりかねない。
While the theft in the recent case was of a very valuable item, is it right for stores to be able to decide that when the value of shoplifted merchandise is over some particular amount it warrants a public release of the shoplifter's photo?
今回、盗まれたのはとても高価な品だったが、映像の公開か非公開か、その境目の金額までをはたして店が決めてよいものか。
Sometimes on the Internet, people will release photos of criminals, taken while they happened to be nearby.
ネットでは、問題を起こした人の写真や名前など個人情報を公開することを「さらす」と呼ぶ。
"This person is a groper," they may write, releasing a photo on a site such as Twitter.
「これが痴漢です」などと居合わせた人が写真を撮り、ツイッターなどで「さらす」こともある。
I feel that more and more, the reaction to this public exposure is not "that's going too far," but "they deserve it."
それに対し「やりすぎだ」という声より「さらされて当然」と肯定する声のほうが大きくなりつつあるのを感じる。
Of course, no matter the reason, there is no excuse for breaking the law or other rules.
もちろん法律などで決められているルールを破るのは、どんな理由があろうとも許される行為ではない。
But I also think that stores -- who are not police -- should not come up with and deal out their own "punishments." しかし、警察以外の個人や店の手により、どんな“罰”を加えても許されるというのは違うと思う。
While public exposure on the Internet is not a direct punishment like a fine or prison sentence, it is in some ways a heavier punishment.
ネットで「さらす」行為は罰金や懲役といった直接的な制裁ではないが、ある意味でそれ以上の重さを持っているともいえる。
According to police statistics, recently many shoplifters are people 65 and over.
警察の統計によれば、最近は６５歳以上の高齢者の万引きの増加が目立つそうだ。
Maybe, having retired or no longer having any family, they think, "I have nothing left to lose, so I don't care who you report me to.
仕事を退職していたり家族がおらずひとり暮らしだったりで、「もう失うものはないから、誰に報告してくれてもいいですよ。
You're going to put my face out on the Internet? I don't care." If so, it is a sad situation.
ネットで顔を“さらす”？ ああ、かまいませんよ」という心境なのだろうか。それも寂しい話だ。
I hope that we do not become a world where people are always observing each other, quick to photograph and expose other people on the Internet the moment they do something wrong.
お互いが監視し合い、怪しい行動を取ったらすぐに写真を撮って公開。これが当然、という世の中にならないことを願いたい。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Publically shaming criminals online is going too far
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:招きたくない監視社会 ／東京
Recently, a comic store generated controversy with a threat to publically release the image of a shoplifter's face who was caught on a security camera stealing an expensive figurine. The store first released an image of the shoplifter with his face pixelated and threatened to remove the pixilation if the person did not return the figurine by a certain day.
漫画専門店で売り物の高価なフィギュアを万引きした男性。監視カメラでとらえられており、映像のネット公開をめぐって議論が起きた。店側はまずモザイクつきの写真をネットにアップし、期日までに返却に来なければモザイクをはずすと呼びかけたが、
In the end, at the urging of police, the store did not remove the pixilation. However, in on-the-street interviews on television shows, many people gave the opinion that the pixilation should have been removed, to help deter future shoplifters.
結局、警察の指導などにより公開は見送った。情報番組の街頭インタビューなどでは「再犯防止のためにも公開すべきだったのでは」といった厳しい声も目立った。
Crime is said to be overall on the decline, but shoplifting numbers refuse to fall. Perhaps lacking awareness that what they have done is a crime, some shoplifters supposedly take a defiant attitude, saying, "As long as I return it, there's no problem, right?"
犯罪は全体としては減る方向にあると言われるが、万引きはいっこうに減少しない。犯罪という自覚がないのか、店側が見つけても「返せばいいんだろう」と開き直るケースもあるとのことだ。
Some small retailers are supposedly affected quite badly by shoplifting, so it is not a problem that can be overlooked. 経営に大きな支障が出る小売店もあるというから、見逃せない問題だ。
However, we must be careful about the idea that a store can set up its own "punishment," by for example threatening to release a photo of a shoplifter's face.
とはいえ、店側が「監視カメラの映像をネットで公開します」など独自の“罰”をもうける動きには慎重にならなくてはならない。
In this day and age, using the Internet one can easily find all kinds of information about a person -- their name, their address, their place of work.
It can lead to ruining a person's standing in society.
とくにこの時代、ネットを使えば名前、自宅、職場などが簡単に特定され、その人の社会的生命が断たれるほどのダメージを与えることにもなりかねない。
While the theft in the recent case was of a very valuable item, is it right for stores to be able to decide that when the value of shoplifted merchandise is over some particular amount it warrants a public release of the shoplifter's photo?
今回、盗まれたのはとても高価な品だったが、映像の公開か非公開か、その境目の金額までをはたして店が決めてよいものか。
Sometimes on the Internet, people will release photos of criminals, taken while they happened to be nearby.
ネットでは、問題を起こした人の写真や名前など個人情報を公開することを「さらす」と呼ぶ。
"This person is a groper," they may write, releasing a photo on a site such as Twitter.
「これが痴漢です」などと居合わせた人が写真を撮り、ツイッターなどで「さらす」こともある。
I feel that more and more, the reaction to this public exposure is not "that's going too far," but "they deserve it."
それに対し「やりすぎだ」という声より「さらされて当然」と肯定する声のほうが大きくなりつつあるのを感じる。
Of course, no matter the reason, there is no excuse for breaking the law or other rules.
もちろん法律などで決められているルールを破るのは、どんな理由があろうとも許される行為ではない。
But I also think that stores -- who are not police -- should not come up with and deal out their own "punishments." しかし、警察以外の個人や店の手により、どんな“罰”を加えても許されるというのは違うと思う。
While public exposure on the Internet is not a direct punishment like a fine or prison sentence, it is in some ways a heavier punishment.
ネットで「さらす」行為は罰金や懲役といった直接的な制裁ではないが、ある意味でそれ以上の重さを持っているともいえる。
According to police statistics, recently many shoplifters are people 65 and over.
警察の統計によれば、最近は６５歳以上の高齢者の万引きの増加が目立つそうだ。
Maybe, having retired or no longer having any family, they think, "I have nothing left to lose, so I don't care who you report me to.
仕事を退職していたり家族がおらずひとり暮らしだったりで、「もう失うものはないから、誰に報告してくれてもいいですよ。
You're going to put my face out on the Internet? I don't care." If so, it is a sad situation.
ネットで顔を“さらす”？ ああ、かまいませんよ」という心境なのだろうか。それも寂しい話だ。
I hope that we do not become a world where people are always observing each other, quick to photograph and expose other people on the Internet the moment they do something wrong.
お互いが監視し合い、怪しい行動を取ったらすぐに写真を撮って公開。これが当然、という世の中にならないことを願いたい。
（精神科医）
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 地方版
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Elderly must enjoy healthy long life without need for nursing care
健康寿命 「元気で長生き」を目指したい
A major challenge facing the nation at a time when its population is rapidly aging is to ensure that elderly people can maintain their day-to-day lives for as long as possible, dispensing with the need to receive nursing care.
高齢になっても、介護を必要とせず、自立して生活できる期間をできるだけ延ばしていく。超高齢社会へ向けた大きな課題である。
In early August, the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry released the 2014 edition of its annual white paper, which focused on the goal of expanding the healthy life span so that the nation can be transformed into a long-lived, healthy society.
厚生労働省が今月公表した２０１４年版の厚生労働白書は、「健康長寿社会の実現に向けて」をタイトルに、「健康寿命の延伸」をメインテーマに掲げた。
Healthy life expectancy refers to the number of years that people can continue to live their daily lives independently, uninterrupted by health problems and without having to receive the help of family members or others.
健康寿命は、健康上の問題で日常生活が制限されず、家族などの手を借りることなく暮らせる年数のことだ。
In 2010, the healthy life span of the Japanese stood at 70.42 for men and 73.62 for women, both marking the world’s highest levels. The figures have been increasing year by year.
日本では、２０１０年時点で男性７０・４２歳、女性７３・６２歳と世界最高水準にあり、年々延びている。
However, these figures compare poorly with the average life expectancy—80.21 for men and 86.61 for women in 2013. This shows there is a disparity of about 10 years between the healthy life span and the average life expectancy among both Japanese men and women.
ただし、平均寿命（１３年）の男性８０・２１歳、女性８６・６１歳と比較すると、いずれも１０歳前後の開きがある点に留意すべきだ。
The gap represents how long men and women will be highly dependent on nursing care and medical services. It is widening due to a greater increase in the average life expectancy compared to that of the healthy life span.
この差は、介護や医療への依存度が高くなる期間を意味する。健康寿命より平均寿命の延びが大きいため、拡大する傾向にある。
It is necessary to shorten the period for which people need nursing and medical care, a task essential for enabling elderly people to live fulfilling, independent lives. If aged persons do not become bedridden and can live in good health for an extended period, the medical and nursing-care expenses they incur will likely be significantly reduced.
できる限りこの期間を短縮することが、高齢者一人一人の生活を充実させるために欠かせない。寝たきりにならず、健康に過ごせる期間が延びれば、医療・介護費の抑制効果も期待できる。
The government has said the goal of making Japan a nation of healthy and long-lived people is a pillar of its growth strategy.
政府は、健康長寿の実現を成長戦略の柱とも位置づけている。
In its strategy for health preservation and medical improvement adopted at a Cabinet meeting in July, the government said it would pursue the target of increasing the healthy life expectancy by more than one year by the end of 2020. The government hopes to nurture healthcare businesses that support elderly people’s efforts to lead long healthy lives, and promote such services and operations overseas, an endeavor conducive to economic growth.
７月に閣議決定した「健康・医療戦略」では、２０年までに健康寿命を１歳以上延ばす目標を打ち出した。「元気で長生き」を支える健康・医療関連産業を育成して、海外展開を促し、経済成長につなげたい考えだ。
An increase in the number of healthy elderly people is also expected to help secure workers and contribute to the promotion of volunteer activities.
元気な高齢者の増加は、労働力の確保やボランティアの活性化にもつながるだろう。
Battle lifestyle illnesses
To increase the healthy life span, it is important for individuals to take preventive measures against lifestyle-related illnesses even while they are still working. Various complications can occur from diabetes, high blood pressure and other diseases associated with one’s lifestyle habits, which can easily lead to a need for nursing-care services in old age.
健康寿命を延ばすには、現役時代から生活習慣病の予防を心がけることが大切だ。糖尿病や高血圧などは、様々な合併症を引き起こし、要介護状態を招きやすい。
It is also necessary for local government and business corporations to play an active role in improving the health of local residents and employees. Measures must include promoting better lifestyle habits and raising the percentage of people receiving medical checkups.
自治体や企業も、住民や社員の生活習慣の改善や、健康診断の受診率向上などの健康作り対策に積極的に取り組む必要がある。
A good case in point is the Shizuoka prefectural government. The local government is promoting what it calls a “health mileage program” under which local residents are awarded points according to their medical checkup and daily physical exercise records. When a resident has collected a certain number of points, he or she is entitled to receive complimentary services at shops participating in the program.
静岡県は、健診の受診や日々の運動実績をポイント化し、一定以上になると協力店で優待サービスを受けられる「健康マイレージ」事業を行っている。
Meanwhile, Tanita Corp., a Tokyo-based measurement equipment manufacturer, has adopted a system in which pedometers are distributed to all its employees, requiring them to record how many steps they take every day. Employees who score high in this daily practice receive awards for their accomplishments.
計測器メーカーのタニタは、歩数計を全社員に配って計測を義務づけ、ランキング上位者を表彰する制度を設けている。
We hope measures will be taken to achieve the intended goal in a manner that fits the realities of each community and company.
地域や会社の実情に合った対策を進めてもらいたい。
It is also important to provide elderly people with more opportunities to play an active role in society. If they make contributions to society through work and community service, elderly people will find their lives to be fulfilling and are unlikely to need nursing care.
高齢者の活躍の場を広げることも重要だ。仕事や地域活動で社会に貢献することは、生きがいになり、介護予防に役立つだろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 24, 2014)
Elderly must enjoy healthy long life without need for nursing care
健康寿命 「元気で長生き」を目指したい
A major challenge facing the nation at a time when its population is rapidly aging is to ensure that elderly people can maintain their day-to-day lives for as long as possible, dispensing with the need to receive nursing care.
高齢になっても、介護を必要とせず、自立して生活できる期間をできるだけ延ばしていく。超高齢社会へ向けた大きな課題である。
In early August, the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry released the 2014 edition of its annual white paper, which focused on the goal of expanding the healthy life span so that the nation can be transformed into a long-lived, healthy society.
厚生労働省が今月公表した２０１４年版の厚生労働白書は、「健康長寿社会の実現に向けて」をタイトルに、「健康寿命の延伸」をメインテーマに掲げた。
Healthy life expectancy refers to the number of years that people can continue to live their daily lives independently, uninterrupted by health problems and without having to receive the help of family members or others.
健康寿命は、健康上の問題で日常生活が制限されず、家族などの手を借りることなく暮らせる年数のことだ。
In 2010, the healthy life span of the Japanese stood at 70.42 for men and 73.62 for women, both marking the world’s highest levels. The figures have been increasing year by year.
日本では、２０１０年時点で男性７０・４２歳、女性７３・６２歳と世界最高水準にあり、年々延びている。
However, these figures compare poorly with the average life expectancy—80.21 for men and 86.61 for women in 2013. This shows there is a disparity of about 10 years between the healthy life span and the average life expectancy among both Japanese men and women.
ただし、平均寿命（１３年）の男性８０・２１歳、女性８６・６１歳と比較すると、いずれも１０歳前後の開きがある点に留意すべきだ。
The gap represents how long men and women will be highly dependent on nursing care and medical services. It is widening due to a greater increase in the average life expectancy compared to that of the healthy life span.
この差は、介護や医療への依存度が高くなる期間を意味する。健康寿命より平均寿命の延びが大きいため、拡大する傾向にある。
It is necessary to shorten the period for which people need nursing and medical care, a task essential for enabling elderly people to live fulfilling, independent lives. If aged persons do not become bedridden and can live in good health for an extended period, the medical and nursing-care expenses they incur will likely be significantly reduced.
できる限りこの期間を短縮することが、高齢者一人一人の生活を充実させるために欠かせない。寝たきりにならず、健康に過ごせる期間が延びれば、医療・介護費の抑制効果も期待できる。
The government has said the goal of making Japan a nation of healthy and long-lived people is a pillar of its growth strategy.
政府は、健康長寿の実現を成長戦略の柱とも位置づけている。
In its strategy for health preservation and medical improvement adopted at a Cabinet meeting in July, the government said it would pursue the target of increasing the healthy life expectancy by more than one year by the end of 2020. The government hopes to nurture healthcare businesses that support elderly people’s efforts to lead long healthy lives, and promote such services and operations overseas, an endeavor conducive to economic growth.
７月に閣議決定した「健康・医療戦略」では、２０年までに健康寿命を１歳以上延ばす目標を打ち出した。「元気で長生き」を支える健康・医療関連産業を育成して、海外展開を促し、経済成長につなげたい考えだ。
An increase in the number of healthy elderly people is also expected to help secure workers and contribute to the promotion of volunteer activities.
元気な高齢者の増加は、労働力の確保やボランティアの活性化にもつながるだろう。
Battle lifestyle illnesses
To increase the healthy life span, it is important for individuals to take preventive measures against lifestyle-related illnesses even while they are still working. Various complications can occur from diabetes, high blood pressure and other diseases associated with one’s lifestyle habits, which can easily lead to a need for nursing-care services in old age.
健康寿命を延ばすには、現役時代から生活習慣病の予防を心がけることが大切だ。糖尿病や高血圧などは、様々な合併症を引き起こし、要介護状態を招きやすい。
It is also necessary for local government and business corporations to play an active role in improving the health of local residents and employees. Measures must include promoting better lifestyle habits and raising the percentage of people receiving medical checkups.
自治体や企業も、住民や社員の生活習慣の改善や、健康診断の受診率向上などの健康作り対策に積極的に取り組む必要がある。
A good case in point is the Shizuoka prefectural government. The local government is promoting what it calls a “health mileage program” under which local residents are awarded points according to their medical checkup and daily physical exercise records. When a resident has collected a certain number of points, he or she is entitled to receive complimentary services at shops participating in the program.
静岡県は、健診の受診や日々の運動実績をポイント化し、一定以上になると協力店で優待サービスを受けられる「健康マイレージ」事業を行っている。
Meanwhile, Tanita Corp., a Tokyo-based measurement equipment manufacturer, has adopted a system in which pedometers are distributed to all its employees, requiring them to record how many steps they take every day. Employees who score high in this daily practice receive awards for their accomplishments.
計測器メーカーのタニタは、歩数計を全社員に配って計測を義務づけ、ランキング上位者を表彰する制度を設けている。
We hope measures will be taken to achieve the intended goal in a manner that fits the realities of each community and company.
地域や会社の実情に合った対策を進めてもらいたい。
It is also important to provide elderly people with more opportunities to play an active role in society. If they make contributions to society through work and community service, elderly people will find their lives to be fulfilling and are unlikely to need nursing care.
高齢者の活躍の場を広げることも重要だ。仕事や地域活動で社会に貢献することは、生きがいになり、介護予防に役立つだろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 24, 2014)
August 23, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Learning a lesson from Hiroshima landslides
社説:広島土砂災害 検証尽くして教訓導け
The number of residents reported missing following major landslides in northern Hiroshima in the predawn hours of Aug. 20 has significantly increased, threatening to make the disaster the worst of its kind in recent years when combined with the confirmed death toll.
広島市北部で２０日未明発生した土砂崩れの行方不明者が大幅に増え、犠牲者と合わせると近年では最悪の土砂災害となる恐れが強まった。
Initially seven people were reported missing, but a little over 24 hours later that figure climbed to over 50. The discrepancy in the numbers reported missing comes from police and local municipalities using different methods to confirm the safety of residents.
行方不明の人数が当初の７人から２４時間以上たって５０人超に増えたのは、住民の安否情報の確認方法が自治体と警察との間で違っていたためだ。
The difficulty that officials face in fully grasping the extent of the damage indicates how severe the disaster is.
被災状況の把握すら困難な厳しい状況であることを示している。
With rain continuing to fall intermittently, rescuers are desperately searching for the missing while remaining on alert against secondary damage. All efforts should be exhausted in search and rescue operations, with priority put on saving human lives.
断続的に雨が降り、２次災害を警戒しながらの捜索活動が続く。人命を最優先に力を尽くしてもらいたい。
Amid ongoing power and water outages in the disaster-hit areas, an increasing number of residents have been forced to take shelter at public facilities.
被災現場は停電や断水が続き、避難所で暮らす住民が増えている。
Local municipalities are urged to pay close attention to residents' needs so that volunteers can provide adequate support.
ボランティアを受け入れる自治体は、的確な支援ができるよう住民の要望をきめ細かく聞き取ってほしい。
Hiroshima Prefecture has the most spots vulnerable to sediment disaster in Japan.
広島県は土砂災害危険箇所が全国で最も多いが、
However, the designation of warning zones under the Act on Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas has not come fast enough.
土砂災害防止法の警戒区域指定は遅れていた。
The residential areas that suffered damage in the latest landslides were prone to disasters due to their proximity to mountains, but most of them had not been designated as sediment disaster-prone areas.
被災現場は山裾に住宅地が広がり、災害の恐れのある地域だったが、ほとんどが未指定だ。
Financial and manpower shortages have reportedly hampered the progress of field surveys, while residents are reluctant to have land designated as being disaster-prone, fearing that their property values will be downgraded.
財政難や人員不足で現地調査などの作業が進まないという。不動産価値の低下を住民が懸念し、理解を得にくいことも要因だ。
Nevertheless, it is serious that such an immense disaster hit areas that had not been listed as being disaster-prone.
だが、指定されなかった地域で甚大な災害が起きたことを重く受け止めなければならない。
If more damage like this arises, criticism that the disaster was a man-made calamity could intensify.
今後も同じような被害が出れば、「人災」という批判が強まりかねない。
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is urged to review the operation of the law and promote the designation of areas prone to sediment disaster as such.
国土交通省は指定促進のために運用を見直し、
If reviews alone are insufficient, legislative revisions need to be deliberated in the Diet.
それでも不十分ならば国会で法改正を議論する必要がある。
The city of Hiroshima has acknowledged that its evacuation advisory came too late, and is poised to review the standards for issuing such advisories.
広島市は避難勧告の遅れを認め、発令基準を見直す。
Memories of the landslide disaster on Izu Oshima Island in October last year, when an absence of an evacuation advisory or order resulted in many casualties, remains fresh in our minds.
昨年１０月の土砂災害で東京都大島町（伊豆大島）が避難勧告・指示を出さず、多くの犠牲者が出た。
The central government subsequently notified municipalities across the nation to issue evacuation advisories without fearing that they might turn out to be unnecessary.
そのため政府は、空振りを恐れず勧告を出すよう自治体に通知したが、
The government should fully reassure municipalities about the directive once again.
改めて徹底すべきだ。
It is difficult and dangerous for residents to evacuate at night, but the risks could be lowered in some cases if people moved to the upper floors of buildings.
夜間の避難は難しく危険もつきまとうが、建物の高層部に逃げる垂直避難であれば危険度は低い。
In the Hiroshima disaster, a family found their way to safety by evacuating upstairs to the second floor of their home. 今回の災害でも１階から２階に移り全員が無事だった家族がいた。
Residents in disaster-prone areas should regularly discuss how to act in the event of a disaster and make steadfast preparations.
災害の危険性が高い地域の住民は、日ごろから災害時の行動を話し合い、備えを万全にしておいてほしい。
In the wake of the torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011, leaving 82 people dead and 16 missing, the Wakayama Prefectural Government created guidelines for issuing evacuation advisories.
８２人が死亡し１６人が行方不明となった２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨を受けて、和歌山県は避難勧告を出すモデル基準を作った。
The guidelines require avoidance of ambiguous expressions.
あいまいな表現を避け、
They also require the use of numerical criteria such as accumulated precipitation so residents can make an objective judgment.
累積雨量など数値基準を使って客観的に判断できるようにした。
In the Hyogo Prefecture town of Sayo, where flooding from a typhoon five years ago left 18 dead and two missing, the town office introduced a monitoring system in which residents living near rivers report water levels and other relevant information, based on which the town office decides whether to issue evacuation advisories.
５年前の台風による水害で２０人の死者・行方不明者が出た兵庫県佐用町は、河川付近の住民から水位などを報告してもらうモニター制度を導入し、発令の判断に活用している。
We should take note of such system improvements grounded in lessons learned from tragedies.
痛ましい体験を教訓とした制度改善例を参考にしたい。
In the Hiroshima disaster, the cause and background factors of the extensive damage should be thoroughly verified so we can utilize the information in future measures.
今回の土砂災害でも被害が拡大した原因や背景を徹底的に検証し、そこから得た教訓を今後の対策に生かしていくことが極めて重要だ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月23日 02時33分（最終更新 08月23日 09時39分）
Editorial: Learning a lesson from Hiroshima landslides
社説:広島土砂災害 検証尽くして教訓導け
The number of residents reported missing following major landslides in northern Hiroshima in the predawn hours of Aug. 20 has significantly increased, threatening to make the disaster the worst of its kind in recent years when combined with the confirmed death toll.
広島市北部で２０日未明発生した土砂崩れの行方不明者が大幅に増え、犠牲者と合わせると近年では最悪の土砂災害となる恐れが強まった。
Initially seven people were reported missing, but a little over 24 hours later that figure climbed to over 50. The discrepancy in the numbers reported missing comes from police and local municipalities using different methods to confirm the safety of residents.
行方不明の人数が当初の７人から２４時間以上たって５０人超に増えたのは、住民の安否情報の確認方法が自治体と警察との間で違っていたためだ。
The difficulty that officials face in fully grasping the extent of the damage indicates how severe the disaster is.
被災状況の把握すら困難な厳しい状況であることを示している。
With rain continuing to fall intermittently, rescuers are desperately searching for the missing while remaining on alert against secondary damage. All efforts should be exhausted in search and rescue operations, with priority put on saving human lives.
断続的に雨が降り、２次災害を警戒しながらの捜索活動が続く。人命を最優先に力を尽くしてもらいたい。
Amid ongoing power and water outages in the disaster-hit areas, an increasing number of residents have been forced to take shelter at public facilities.
被災現場は停電や断水が続き、避難所で暮らす住民が増えている。
Local municipalities are urged to pay close attention to residents' needs so that volunteers can provide adequate support.
ボランティアを受け入れる自治体は、的確な支援ができるよう住民の要望をきめ細かく聞き取ってほしい。
Hiroshima Prefecture has the most spots vulnerable to sediment disaster in Japan.
広島県は土砂災害危険箇所が全国で最も多いが、
However, the designation of warning zones under the Act on Sediment Disaster Countermeasures for Sediment Disaster Prone Areas has not come fast enough.
土砂災害防止法の警戒区域指定は遅れていた。
The residential areas that suffered damage in the latest landslides were prone to disasters due to their proximity to mountains, but most of them had not been designated as sediment disaster-prone areas.
被災現場は山裾に住宅地が広がり、災害の恐れのある地域だったが、ほとんどが未指定だ。
Financial and manpower shortages have reportedly hampered the progress of field surveys, while residents are reluctant to have land designated as being disaster-prone, fearing that their property values will be downgraded.
財政難や人員不足で現地調査などの作業が進まないという。不動産価値の低下を住民が懸念し、理解を得にくいことも要因だ。
Nevertheless, it is serious that such an immense disaster hit areas that had not been listed as being disaster-prone.
だが、指定されなかった地域で甚大な災害が起きたことを重く受け止めなければならない。
If more damage like this arises, criticism that the disaster was a man-made calamity could intensify.
今後も同じような被害が出れば、「人災」という批判が強まりかねない。
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is urged to review the operation of the law and promote the designation of areas prone to sediment disaster as such.
国土交通省は指定促進のために運用を見直し、
If reviews alone are insufficient, legislative revisions need to be deliberated in the Diet.
それでも不十分ならば国会で法改正を議論する必要がある。
The city of Hiroshima has acknowledged that its evacuation advisory came too late, and is poised to review the standards for issuing such advisories.
広島市は避難勧告の遅れを認め、発令基準を見直す。
Memories of the landslide disaster on Izu Oshima Island in October last year, when an absence of an evacuation advisory or order resulted in many casualties, remains fresh in our minds.
昨年１０月の土砂災害で東京都大島町（伊豆大島）が避難勧告・指示を出さず、多くの犠牲者が出た。
The central government subsequently notified municipalities across the nation to issue evacuation advisories without fearing that they might turn out to be unnecessary.
そのため政府は、空振りを恐れず勧告を出すよう自治体に通知したが、
The government should fully reassure municipalities about the directive once again.
改めて徹底すべきだ。
It is difficult and dangerous for residents to evacuate at night, but the risks could be lowered in some cases if people moved to the upper floors of buildings.
夜間の避難は難しく危険もつきまとうが、建物の高層部に逃げる垂直避難であれば危険度は低い。
In the Hiroshima disaster, a family found their way to safety by evacuating upstairs to the second floor of their home. 今回の災害でも１階から２階に移り全員が無事だった家族がいた。
Residents in disaster-prone areas should regularly discuss how to act in the event of a disaster and make steadfast preparations.
災害の危険性が高い地域の住民は、日ごろから災害時の行動を話し合い、備えを万全にしておいてほしい。
In the wake of the torrential rain that hit the Kii Peninsula in September 2011, leaving 82 people dead and 16 missing, the Wakayama Prefectural Government created guidelines for issuing evacuation advisories.
８２人が死亡し１６人が行方不明となった２０１１年９月の紀伊半島豪雨を受けて、和歌山県は避難勧告を出すモデル基準を作った。
The guidelines require avoidance of ambiguous expressions.
あいまいな表現を避け、
They also require the use of numerical criteria such as accumulated precipitation so residents can make an objective judgment.
累積雨量など数値基準を使って客観的に判断できるようにした。
In the Hyogo Prefecture town of Sayo, where flooding from a typhoon five years ago left 18 dead and two missing, the town office introduced a monitoring system in which residents living near rivers report water levels and other relevant information, based on which the town office decides whether to issue evacuation advisories.
５年前の台風による水害で２０人の死者・行方不明者が出た兵庫県佐用町は、河川付近の住民から水位などを報告してもらうモニター制度を導入し、発令の判断に活用している。
We should take note of such system improvements grounded in lessons learned from tragedies.
痛ましい体験を教訓とした制度改善例を参考にしたい。
In the Hiroshima disaster, the cause and background factors of the extensive damage should be thoroughly verified so we can utilize the information in future measures.
今回の土砂災害でも被害が拡大した原因や背景を徹底的に検証し、そこから得た教訓を今後の対策に生かしていくことが極めて重要だ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月23日 02時33分（最終更新 08月23日 09時39分）
August 20, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Nuclear policy committee shows disregard for Fukushima lessons
社説:原子力小委 動画非公開は教訓軽視
One of the most important lessons we've learned from the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant disaster is that the closed nature of the nuclear power industry led us to underestimate the dangers of nuclear reactors.
福島第１原発過酷事故の大きな教訓は、原子力関係者の閉鎖的な体質が原発の危険性の過小評価を招いたことだ。
The industry tuned out sound criticism from outside sources, largely influencing the government's policy and risk assessment.
外部からの健全な批判を受け入れず、それが国の政策にもリスク評価にも大きく影響してしまった。
We must put this lesson to good use by making the policymaking and risk assessment process public and raising information transparency.
この教訓を生かすには、政策決定やリスク評価の過程を、できる限り公開し、情報の透明性を高めることが重要だ。
The Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) -- established after the onset of the Fukushima disaster -- streams video of its meetings and press conferences live, and the footage is also available for viewing online after the events take place.
事故後に設置された原子力規制委員会は、委員会そのものや記者会見を動画でライブ中継し、終了後もネット上で公開している。
A Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) deliberative council that reviewed the government's basic energy policy does the same.
国のエネルギー基本計画を検討した経済産業省の審議会も同様だ。
Such arrangements not only allow debate to extend to outside experts, it also serves to raise awareness and interest among the general public.
外部の専門家の間にも議論を広げるだけでなく、一般の人の関心を高める手段としても評価できる。
However, the Nuclear Energy Subcommittee of METI's Advisory Committee on Natural Resources and Energy, which has been holding meetings since June, accepts silent observers but does not publicly broadcast its meetings.
ところが、６月から開催されている経産省・総合資源エネルギー調査会の「原子力小委員会」は、傍聴は認めるものの、動画による公開はしていない。
Some subcommittee members have demanded that the meetings be broadcast, but as of the fourth meeting held Aug. 7, no video had been made available.
委員からは繰り返し公開を求める声が上がっているが、今月７日に開催された第４回会合でも実現されていない。
The subcommittee was established for the purpose of deliberating specific policies in the nuclear energy field based on the Basic Energy Plan approved by the Cabinet in April.
この小委は４月に閣議決定されたエネルギー基本計画に基づき、原子力分野の具体的方針を検討する目的で設置された。
Topics under discussion include reconstruction and revival in Fukushima, reduced dependence on nuclear energy, human resource development and nuclear fuel cycle policy.
福島の復興・再生や原子力依存度の低減、人材育成、核燃料サイクル政策などがテーマとなっている。
Such discussions will have a great bearing on what the country decides for its energy mix.
その議論は各電源の割合を示すエネルギーミックスの決定にも関係してくる。
With the subcommittee debating topics that will dictate Japan's nuclear policy, transparency of its discussions is crucial.
まさに、今後の具体的な原子力政策を左右する会議であり、透明性を高めて議論することが欠かせない。
Some may argue that allowing silent observers to watch from the visitors' gallery and the release of the minutes are sufficient.
一般傍聴や議事録公開で十分という主張があるかもしれない。
But those who can actually attend the meetings comprise a tiny percentage of the general public.
だが、開催日に会場にこられる人は国民の一握りに過ぎない。
Overviews of the meetings are released within a week or so of each meeting, but they do not indicate who said what. １週間程度で議事要旨は公開されるが、発言者が誰かわからない。
It takes about a month before the minutes are released, by which time the next meeting has already taken place.
議事録が出るまでには１カ月近くかかり、その間に次の会合が開催されているのが実情だ。
This state of affairs prevents the public from closely following the deliberation process.
これでは、国民が議論の過程を追うことができない。
Some have proposed a compromise of providing audio broadcasts of the meetings, but such broadcasts fail to provide a complete picture, since it's difficult to identify who has the floor at any given time.
音声だけの公開という妥協案もあるようだが、誰が発言しているかがわかりにくく、情報がそぎ落とされてしまう。
The subcommittee chair, Itaru Yasui, has cited the uneasiness some members would feel in voicing their views if the meetings were to be broadcast via video.
動画非公開の理由について小委の委員長は「意見を言いにくい人がいる」と述べている。
However, nuclear energy policy is an important matter bearing on Japan's post-Fukushima energy policy.
しかし、原子力政策は原発事故以降の日本のエネルギー政策の行方に関わる重要事項だ。
It's a matter of great interest to the public.
国民の関心も高い。
If indeed the subcommittee's members feel they can't be honest if their meetings are broadcast, then perhaps there's a lack of understanding about the significance of the meetings and the importance of their transparency.
ここで「動画中継されたら本音が言えない」とすれば、この会議の重要性についても、議論の透明性についても、理解が不足しているのではないだろうか。
At its fourth meeting, the subcommittee recognized the importance of making its meetings public, saying that it would "discuss how to improve the situation."
第４回の会合で事務局は、公開の重要性を認めた上で「そのための手立ての改善を検討したい」と述べている。
We hope the subcommittee will modify its policy and move ahead with video broadcasts of their meetings.
早急に方針を改め、動画公開を進めてほしい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月20日 02時40分
Editorial: Nuclear policy committee shows disregard for Fukushima lessons
社説:原子力小委 動画非公開は教訓軽視
One of the most important lessons we've learned from the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant disaster is that the closed nature of the nuclear power industry led us to underestimate the dangers of nuclear reactors.
福島第１原発過酷事故の大きな教訓は、原子力関係者の閉鎖的な体質が原発の危険性の過小評価を招いたことだ。
The industry tuned out sound criticism from outside sources, largely influencing the government's policy and risk assessment.
外部からの健全な批判を受け入れず、それが国の政策にもリスク評価にも大きく影響してしまった。
We must put this lesson to good use by making the policymaking and risk assessment process public and raising information transparency.
この教訓を生かすには、政策決定やリスク評価の過程を、できる限り公開し、情報の透明性を高めることが重要だ。
The Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) -- established after the onset of the Fukushima disaster -- streams video of its meetings and press conferences live, and the footage is also available for viewing online after the events take place.
事故後に設置された原子力規制委員会は、委員会そのものや記者会見を動画でライブ中継し、終了後もネット上で公開している。
A Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) deliberative council that reviewed the government's basic energy policy does the same.
国のエネルギー基本計画を検討した経済産業省の審議会も同様だ。
Such arrangements not only allow debate to extend to outside experts, it also serves to raise awareness and interest among the general public.
外部の専門家の間にも議論を広げるだけでなく、一般の人の関心を高める手段としても評価できる。
However, the Nuclear Energy Subcommittee of METI's Advisory Committee on Natural Resources and Energy, which has been holding meetings since June, accepts silent observers but does not publicly broadcast its meetings.
ところが、６月から開催されている経産省・総合資源エネルギー調査会の「原子力小委員会」は、傍聴は認めるものの、動画による公開はしていない。
Some subcommittee members have demanded that the meetings be broadcast, but as of the fourth meeting held Aug. 7, no video had been made available.
委員からは繰り返し公開を求める声が上がっているが、今月７日に開催された第４回会合でも実現されていない。
The subcommittee was established for the purpose of deliberating specific policies in the nuclear energy field based on the Basic Energy Plan approved by the Cabinet in April.
この小委は４月に閣議決定されたエネルギー基本計画に基づき、原子力分野の具体的方針を検討する目的で設置された。
Topics under discussion include reconstruction and revival in Fukushima, reduced dependence on nuclear energy, human resource development and nuclear fuel cycle policy.
福島の復興・再生や原子力依存度の低減、人材育成、核燃料サイクル政策などがテーマとなっている。
Such discussions will have a great bearing on what the country decides for its energy mix.
その議論は各電源の割合を示すエネルギーミックスの決定にも関係してくる。
With the subcommittee debating topics that will dictate Japan's nuclear policy, transparency of its discussions is crucial.
まさに、今後の具体的な原子力政策を左右する会議であり、透明性を高めて議論することが欠かせない。
Some may argue that allowing silent observers to watch from the visitors' gallery and the release of the minutes are sufficient.
一般傍聴や議事録公開で十分という主張があるかもしれない。
But those who can actually attend the meetings comprise a tiny percentage of the general public.
だが、開催日に会場にこられる人は国民の一握りに過ぎない。
Overviews of the meetings are released within a week or so of each meeting, but they do not indicate who said what. １週間程度で議事要旨は公開されるが、発言者が誰かわからない。
It takes about a month before the minutes are released, by which time the next meeting has already taken place.
議事録が出るまでには１カ月近くかかり、その間に次の会合が開催されているのが実情だ。
This state of affairs prevents the public from closely following the deliberation process.
これでは、国民が議論の過程を追うことができない。
Some have proposed a compromise of providing audio broadcasts of the meetings, but such broadcasts fail to provide a complete picture, since it's difficult to identify who has the floor at any given time.
音声だけの公開という妥協案もあるようだが、誰が発言しているかがわかりにくく、情報がそぎ落とされてしまう。
The subcommittee chair, Itaru Yasui, has cited the uneasiness some members would feel in voicing their views if the meetings were to be broadcast via video.
動画非公開の理由について小委の委員長は「意見を言いにくい人がいる」と述べている。
However, nuclear energy policy is an important matter bearing on Japan's post-Fukushima energy policy.
しかし、原子力政策は原発事故以降の日本のエネルギー政策の行方に関わる重要事項だ。
It's a matter of great interest to the public.
国民の関心も高い。
If indeed the subcommittee's members feel they can't be honest if their meetings are broadcast, then perhaps there's a lack of understanding about the significance of the meetings and the importance of their transparency.
ここで「動画中継されたら本音が言えない」とすれば、この会議の重要性についても、議論の透明性についても、理解が不足しているのではないだろうか。
At its fourth meeting, the subcommittee recognized the importance of making its meetings public, saying that it would "discuss how to improve the situation."
第４回の会合で事務局は、公開の重要性を認めた上で「そのための手立ての改善を検討したい」と述べている。
We hope the subcommittee will modify its policy and move ahead with video broadcasts of their meetings.
早急に方針を改め、動画公開を進めてほしい。
毎日新聞 2014年08月20日 02時40分
August 19, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Time to aid residents without family records
社説:無戸籍の人 法を見直し抜本救済を
In Japan there exist a number of adults who have been left without family register records because their parents have failed to register their births. The government does not have a grasp of the situation, and the exact number of such people remains unknown, but private support groups receive roughly 100 inquiries a year.
出生届が出されず、戸籍がないまま成人した人たちがいる。国は実態を把握しておらず、具体的な人数は不明だが、民間支援団体には年間１００件もの相談がある。
Recently, the Ministry of Justice sent notification to regional legal affairs bureaus across the nation and initiated its first investigation into the problem. It is wrong for children to be left struggling in society simply because their parents, dealing with particular circumstances, failed to submit birth notifications. We hope the ministry's investigation will be the first step in providing relief.
法務省はこのほど、全国の法務局に通知し、初めての実態調査に乗り出した。親の事情で出生届が出せず、そのしわ寄せを子供が受けるのはおかしい。調査を救済の一歩にしてもらいたい。
The problem has been partially fuelled by a stipulation in the Civil Code that when a woman gives birth, the person who was the woman's husband at the time she was pregnant is deemed to be the father. Any child born within 300 days of a divorce, therefore, is presumed to be the child of the woman's former husband.
無戸籍の人が生まれる背景には、民法のきまりがある。子供を産んだ母親が妊娠した時の夫を父親とする「嫡出推定」の規定だ。離婚後３００日以内に生まれた子供も「前夫の子」と推定される。
Because of this, if a woman flees her husband due to violence or other such reasons, and meets another man and gives birth without first settling her marriage relationship, it is apparently not uncommon for that woman to refrain from registering the child's birth.
このため、夫の暴力などが原因で逃げ出した妻が、婚姻関係の解消ができないまま別の男性と知り合い、出産した場合、出生届を出さないことが少なくないとされる。
There are also times when a woman gets pregnant with another man's child before her divorce is finalized, and after the child is born takes measures to avoid her former husband being registered as the father under the 300-day rule.
また、離婚の成立前に夫以外の男性との間で妊娠した女性が出産後、「３００日規定」を理由に前夫の子供とされるのを避ける場合もある。
Of course, such problems can be overcome through arbitration and court rulings, but it is often a great burden for each side to meet face to face.
もちろん、調停や裁判で解決できるが、そうした場で相手と顔を合わせること自体が大きな負担になる。
If a person has no family register, they cannot prove their age. Accordingly, they cannot vote, and are unable to obtain a driver's license or a passport. There are apparently a significant number of people who are also unable to obtain resident cards.
戸籍がなければ、年齢の証明ができず、選挙権が認められない、運転免許やパスポートも取得できない。無戸籍の人の中には、住民票もない人が少なくないようだ。
This leaves them in a worse situation, in which they are left out from being notified about entry into public schools while their families remain ineligible to receive administrative services and benefits, such as child welfare allowances.
そうなれば、公立学校への就学案内が届かなかったり、児童手当など行政サービスが受けられなかったりという実生活上の不利益はさらに大きい。
It is possible for local bodies to create resident cards at their own discretion even if a person does not have a family register, but this fact has not been sufficiently publicized.
住民票は、戸籍がなくても自治体の判断で作成が可能だが、そうしたことが十分に周知されてこなかったのは確かだ。
The Ministry of Justice is said to be seeking the cooperation of municipalities in its investigation. We hope that it will release its findings.
法務省は、市区町村にも調査への協力を求めるという。調査結果はぜひ公表してもらいたい。
The Justice Ministry also sent out notification encouraging local officials to explain the administrative services that people without family register records can access under certain conditions.
法務省は、無戸籍の人が一定の要件で受けられる行政サービスについて説明を尽くすよう通知もした。
Naturally, a careful explanation of the procedures is necessary, but the ministry should also think about drastic legal revisions that prevent people being left without family register records.
もちろん、手続きの丁寧な説明は必要だが、無戸籍の人を生まない抜本的な法律の見直しを考えるべきだ。
In today's society, divorce and remarriage have increased, and family relationships are often complicated.
現代社会では、離婚や再婚も増え、家族関係が複雑化している。
Violence toward spouses has also risen, with some 50,000 incidents recorded each year.
配偶者による暴力も増加し年間５万件に上る。
In such circumstances, it is hard to say that the Civil Code stipulations on presuming paternity fit in with the times.
そうした中で、妊娠時の夫を父とする嫡出推定の規定が時代に合っているとは言い難い。
Just last month, cases that questioned paternity on the grounds of DNA tests were heard in a Supreme Court appeal and presumed paternity emerged as a focus of the hearings. Four of the five justices submitted individual opinions stating a need for legislation.
先月、ＤＮＡ型鑑定をめぐって父子関係を争い、嫡出推定の規定が焦点になった訴訟の上告審で、５人中４人の最高裁裁判官が個別意見で法整備の必要性に言及したのは記憶に新しい。
In 2007 the Tokyo Bar Association drafted a revision to the Civil Code under which presumed paternity would not apply if the space for the father's details was left blank when registering the child's birth, releasing this draft as a statement of its position.
東京弁護士会は２００７年、戸籍の父欄が空白の出生届が出された場合、嫡出推定が及ばないとする民法改正試案をまとめ、意見書として公表した。
The Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice should begin full-scale deliberation of such methods discussing ways to presume paternity of a child.
こうした方法を含め、父親の推認法について法制審議会などの場で本格的に議論すべきだ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 02時31分
Editorial: Time to aid residents without family records
社説:無戸籍の人 法を見直し抜本救済を
In Japan there exist a number of adults who have been left without family register records because their parents have failed to register their births. The government does not have a grasp of the situation, and the exact number of such people remains unknown, but private support groups receive roughly 100 inquiries a year.
出生届が出されず、戸籍がないまま成人した人たちがいる。国は実態を把握しておらず、具体的な人数は不明だが、民間支援団体には年間１００件もの相談がある。
Recently, the Ministry of Justice sent notification to regional legal affairs bureaus across the nation and initiated its first investigation into the problem. It is wrong for children to be left struggling in society simply because their parents, dealing with particular circumstances, failed to submit birth notifications. We hope the ministry's investigation will be the first step in providing relief.
法務省はこのほど、全国の法務局に通知し、初めての実態調査に乗り出した。親の事情で出生届が出せず、そのしわ寄せを子供が受けるのはおかしい。調査を救済の一歩にしてもらいたい。
The problem has been partially fuelled by a stipulation in the Civil Code that when a woman gives birth, the person who was the woman's husband at the time she was pregnant is deemed to be the father. Any child born within 300 days of a divorce, therefore, is presumed to be the child of the woman's former husband.
無戸籍の人が生まれる背景には、民法のきまりがある。子供を産んだ母親が妊娠した時の夫を父親とする「嫡出推定」の規定だ。離婚後３００日以内に生まれた子供も「前夫の子」と推定される。
Because of this, if a woman flees her husband due to violence or other such reasons, and meets another man and gives birth without first settling her marriage relationship, it is apparently not uncommon for that woman to refrain from registering the child's birth.
このため、夫の暴力などが原因で逃げ出した妻が、婚姻関係の解消ができないまま別の男性と知り合い、出産した場合、出生届を出さないことが少なくないとされる。
There are also times when a woman gets pregnant with another man's child before her divorce is finalized, and after the child is born takes measures to avoid her former husband being registered as the father under the 300-day rule.
また、離婚の成立前に夫以外の男性との間で妊娠した女性が出産後、「３００日規定」を理由に前夫の子供とされるのを避ける場合もある。
Of course, such problems can be overcome through arbitration and court rulings, but it is often a great burden for each side to meet face to face.
もちろん、調停や裁判で解決できるが、そうした場で相手と顔を合わせること自体が大きな負担になる。
If a person has no family register, they cannot prove their age. Accordingly, they cannot vote, and are unable to obtain a driver's license or a passport. There are apparently a significant number of people who are also unable to obtain resident cards.
戸籍がなければ、年齢の証明ができず、選挙権が認められない、運転免許やパスポートも取得できない。無戸籍の人の中には、住民票もない人が少なくないようだ。
This leaves them in a worse situation, in which they are left out from being notified about entry into public schools while their families remain ineligible to receive administrative services and benefits, such as child welfare allowances.
そうなれば、公立学校への就学案内が届かなかったり、児童手当など行政サービスが受けられなかったりという実生活上の不利益はさらに大きい。
It is possible for local bodies to create resident cards at their own discretion even if a person does not have a family register, but this fact has not been sufficiently publicized.
住民票は、戸籍がなくても自治体の判断で作成が可能だが、そうしたことが十分に周知されてこなかったのは確かだ。
The Ministry of Justice is said to be seeking the cooperation of municipalities in its investigation. We hope that it will release its findings.
法務省は、市区町村にも調査への協力を求めるという。調査結果はぜひ公表してもらいたい。
The Justice Ministry also sent out notification encouraging local officials to explain the administrative services that people without family register records can access under certain conditions.
法務省は、無戸籍の人が一定の要件で受けられる行政サービスについて説明を尽くすよう通知もした。
Naturally, a careful explanation of the procedures is necessary, but the ministry should also think about drastic legal revisions that prevent people being left without family register records.
もちろん、手続きの丁寧な説明は必要だが、無戸籍の人を生まない抜本的な法律の見直しを考えるべきだ。
In today's society, divorce and remarriage have increased, and family relationships are often complicated.
現代社会では、離婚や再婚も増え、家族関係が複雑化している。
Violence toward spouses has also risen, with some 50,000 incidents recorded each year.
配偶者による暴力も増加し年間５万件に上る。
In such circumstances, it is hard to say that the Civil Code stipulations on presuming paternity fit in with the times.
そうした中で、妊娠時の夫を父とする嫡出推定の規定が時代に合っているとは言い難い。
Just last month, cases that questioned paternity on the grounds of DNA tests were heard in a Supreme Court appeal and presumed paternity emerged as a focus of the hearings. Four of the five justices submitted individual opinions stating a need for legislation.
先月、ＤＮＡ型鑑定をめぐって父子関係を争い、嫡出推定の規定が焦点になった訴訟の上告審で、５人中４人の最高裁裁判官が個別意見で法整備の必要性に言及したのは記憶に新しい。
In 2007 the Tokyo Bar Association drafted a revision to the Civil Code under which presumed paternity would not apply if the space for the father's details was left blank when registering the child's birth, releasing this draft as a statement of its position.
東京弁護士会は２００７年、戸籍の父欄が空白の出生届が出された場合、嫡出推定が及ばないとする民法改正試案をまとめ、意見書として公表した。
The Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice should begin full-scale deliberation of such methods discussing ways to presume paternity of a child.
こうした方法を含め、父親の推認法について法制審議会などの場で本格的に議論すべきだ。
毎日新聞 2014年08月19日 02時31分
August 18, 2014(Mainichi Japan)
Editorial: Strengthen system to protect whistleblowers
社説:内部告発者保護 不利益扱い防ぐ制度に
Many of those who have blown the whistle on wrongdoing involving their colleagues or employers have complained that they have been dismissed or transferred to unimportant divisions.
勤務している会社や役所の不正を知って内部告発したら、解雇や閑職に追いやられた。そんな訴えが後を絶たない。
The Whistleblower Protection Act came into force eight years ago, but the spirit of the legislation has not been sufficiently respected. The system to protect whistleblowers needs to be reinforced by amending the law or taking other effective measures to prevent those who try to correct an injustice from being treated unfavorably.
内部告発者を不利益に扱うことを禁じる公益通報者保護法が８年前に施行されたが、法の趣旨が十分に行き渡っているとはいえない。不正を正そうとした人が損をする本末転倒が生じないよう、法改正などによる制度の強化が必要だ。
The law is aimed at protecting workers, including public servants, who blow the whistle on criminal activities they witness at their workplaces to their employers or administrative organs. The Consumer Affairs Agency that enforces the law is hearing the views of experts and those who have experience of blowing the whistle in an effort to grasp the situation of whistleblowing and consider challenges that must be overcome.
公務員を含む労働者が勤め先での犯罪行為を事業者や行政機関などに内部告発しても保護されることをうたったのが同法だ。所管する消費者庁は現在、内部告発の実情把握と課題検討のため、関係者から意見聴取を進めている。先日は内部告発を理由に不利益処分を受けたとして裁判で争った人たちから意見を聞いた。
The agency has recently interviewed those who have sued their employers for being unfavorably treated at their workplaces in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing. One of the victims, an anesthetist who worked at a public hospital, notified high-ranking officials of his workplace that a dentist who had no license as an anesthetist was anesthetizing patients and that a fatal blunder had occurred. However, he was relieved from his post and forced to resign from the hospital. He also blew the whistle to the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry. But the ministry dismissed his complaint on the grounds that "the Whistleblower Protection Act does not apply to retirees" and that "it is prefectural governments that are authorized by the law to receive complaints from whistleblowers and issue recommendations to or take punitive measures against offenders."
そのうち公立病院で働いていた麻酔科医は、資格のない歯科医が麻酔をしていることや死亡事故が起きていることを病院幹部に内部告発したが、業務から外され退職を余儀なくされた。さらに厚生労働省に内部告発したが「公益通報者保護法は退職者には適用されない」「法が通報先として認める処分・勧告権限のある行政機関は県になる」との理由で受け付けてもらえなかったという。
These examples have demonstrated that whistleblowers are not being protected despite the legislation. The anesthetist requested that clauses providing punishment against employers that treat whistleblowers unfavorably and requiring administrative organizations to respond to whistleblowers in an appropriate manner be added to the law.
あぜんとするが、内部告発者が守られていない現状を象徴する例だ。意見聴取に麻酔科医は「不利益な取り扱いをした事業者への罰則導入や内部告発を受けた行政機関の適正な対応の義務付け」を要望した。
The Whistleblower Protection Act prohibits employers from dismissing or demoting employees or cutting their wages in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing, but has no punitive clause against violators. Therefore, whistleblowers who have been treated unfavorably by their employers have no choice but to sue their employers to have the damage redressed.
法は内部告発を理由にした解雇や降格、減給などを事業者に禁じているが、罰則規定はなく、不利益を受けた人は裁判に訴えない限り泣き寝入りになる。
The results of a survey that the Consumer Affairs Agency released last year show that 7 percent of whistleblowers or those who consulted their bosses or administrative organs about wrongdoing at their workplaces have been dismissed, and 21 percent have been unfavorably treated or harassed.
消費者庁が昨年公表した内部通報・相談経験者への調査では、解雇された人は７％、不利益を受けた人と嫌がらせを受けた人はともに２１％（複数回答）に上った。
Critics have expressed fears that the introduction of punitive clauses could encourage workers to blow the whistle with evil intent. However, some form of punishments should be introduced against businesses and administrative organs that violate the law.
罰則導入は悪意の告発を増やすと懸念する声もあるが、実態を考慮すれば、違反した事業者には何らかのペナルティーを科すことを検討すべきだ。
Problems involving administrative bodies that receive complaints from whistleblowers should be addressed. In at least one case, an administrative organization leaked the name of an employee who blew the whistle and the details of the worker's complaint to the company involved, allowing the firm to unfairly punish the whistleblower. As such, there have been calls for a clause to ban administrative bodies from leaking such information.
内部告発を受ける行政機関側の問題も見過ごせない。告発者の名前や告発内容が行政機関から事業者に筒抜けになり不利益処分を招いたケースがあり、漏えいを禁止する規定を法に新設するよう求める声もある。
There have been calls for the establishment of a third-party body to receive complaints from whistleblowers as administrative bodies often share a mutual interest with businesses. These opinions are worthy of consideration.
行政機関は事業者と利害が一致して当事者になりうるとの不信感が根強い。そのため告発を受け付ける別の窓口として独立した第三者機関の設置を要望する人もおり、こうした意見にも耳を傾けてほしい。
Whistleblowers tend to be viewed by their colleagues or employers as traitors.
内部告発者は、ややもすると組織の中で「裏切り者」とのそしりを受けかねない。
However, whistleblowing conducted in a fair manner could save the organizations they work for from an unfortunate predicament, and therefore whistleblowers should be protected.
しかし、正当な告発は組織の窮地を救う手がかりになる可能性があり、守るべき存在である。
毎日新聞 2014年08月18日 02時32分
Editorial: Strengthen system to protect whistleblowers
社説:内部告発者保護 不利益扱い防ぐ制度に
Many of those who have blown the whistle on wrongdoing involving their colleagues or employers have complained that they have been dismissed or transferred to unimportant divisions.
勤務している会社や役所の不正を知って内部告発したら、解雇や閑職に追いやられた。そんな訴えが後を絶たない。
The Whistleblower Protection Act came into force eight years ago, but the spirit of the legislation has not been sufficiently respected. The system to protect whistleblowers needs to be reinforced by amending the law or taking other effective measures to prevent those who try to correct an injustice from being treated unfavorably.
内部告発者を不利益に扱うことを禁じる公益通報者保護法が８年前に施行されたが、法の趣旨が十分に行き渡っているとはいえない。不正を正そうとした人が損をする本末転倒が生じないよう、法改正などによる制度の強化が必要だ。
The law is aimed at protecting workers, including public servants, who blow the whistle on criminal activities they witness at their workplaces to their employers or administrative organs. The Consumer Affairs Agency that enforces the law is hearing the views of experts and those who have experience of blowing the whistle in an effort to grasp the situation of whistleblowing and consider challenges that must be overcome.
公務員を含む労働者が勤め先での犯罪行為を事業者や行政機関などに内部告発しても保護されることをうたったのが同法だ。所管する消費者庁は現在、内部告発の実情把握と課題検討のため、関係者から意見聴取を進めている。先日は内部告発を理由に不利益処分を受けたとして裁判で争った人たちから意見を聞いた。
The agency has recently interviewed those who have sued their employers for being unfavorably treated at their workplaces in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing. One of the victims, an anesthetist who worked at a public hospital, notified high-ranking officials of his workplace that a dentist who had no license as an anesthetist was anesthetizing patients and that a fatal blunder had occurred. However, he was relieved from his post and forced to resign from the hospital. He also blew the whistle to the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry. But the ministry dismissed his complaint on the grounds that "the Whistleblower Protection Act does not apply to retirees" and that "it is prefectural governments that are authorized by the law to receive complaints from whistleblowers and issue recommendations to or take punitive measures against offenders."
そのうち公立病院で働いていた麻酔科医は、資格のない歯科医が麻酔をしていることや死亡事故が起きていることを病院幹部に内部告発したが、業務から外され退職を余儀なくされた。さらに厚生労働省に内部告発したが「公益通報者保護法は退職者には適用されない」「法が通報先として認める処分・勧告権限のある行政機関は県になる」との理由で受け付けてもらえなかったという。
These examples have demonstrated that whistleblowers are not being protected despite the legislation. The anesthetist requested that clauses providing punishment against employers that treat whistleblowers unfavorably and requiring administrative organizations to respond to whistleblowers in an appropriate manner be added to the law.
あぜんとするが、内部告発者が守られていない現状を象徴する例だ。意見聴取に麻酔科医は「不利益な取り扱いをした事業者への罰則導入や内部告発を受けた行政機関の適正な対応の義務付け」を要望した。
The Whistleblower Protection Act prohibits employers from dismissing or demoting employees or cutting their wages in retaliation for blowing the whistle on wrongdoing, but has no punitive clause against violators. Therefore, whistleblowers who have been treated unfavorably by their employers have no choice but to sue their employers to have the damage redressed.
法は内部告発を理由にした解雇や降格、減給などを事業者に禁じているが、罰則規定はなく、不利益を受けた人は裁判に訴えない限り泣き寝入りになる。
The results of a survey that the Consumer Affairs Agency released last year show that 7 percent of whistleblowers or those who consulted their bosses or administrative organs about wrongdoing at their workplaces have been dismissed, and 21 percent have been unfavorably treated or harassed.
消費者庁が昨年公表した内部通報・相談経験者への調査では、解雇された人は７％、不利益を受けた人と嫌がらせを受けた人はともに２１％（複数回答）に上った。
Critics have expressed fears that the introduction of punitive clauses could encourage workers to blow the whistle with evil intent. However, some form of punishments should be introduced against businesses and administrative organs that violate the law.
罰則導入は悪意の告発を増やすと懸念する声もあるが、実態を考慮すれば、違反した事業者には何らかのペナルティーを科すことを検討すべきだ。
Problems involving administrative bodies that receive complaints from whistleblowers should be addressed. In at least one case, an administrative organization leaked the name of an employee who blew the whistle and the details of the worker's complaint to the company involved, allowing the firm to unfairly punish the whistleblower. As such, there have been calls for a clause to ban administrative bodies from leaking such information.
内部告発を受ける行政機関側の問題も見過ごせない。告発者の名前や告発内容が行政機関から事業者に筒抜けになり不利益処分を招いたケースがあり、漏えいを禁止する規定を法に新設するよう求める声もある。
There have been calls for the establishment of a third-party body to receive complaints from whistleblowers as administrative bodies often share a mutual interest with businesses. These opinions are worthy of consideration.
行政機関は事業者と利害が一致して当事者になりうるとの不信感が根強い。そのため告発を受け付ける別の窓口として独立した第三者機関の設置を要望する人もおり、こうした意見にも耳を傾けてほしい。
Whistleblowers tend to be viewed by their colleagues or employers as traitors.
内部告発者は、ややもすると組織の中で「裏切り者」とのそしりを受けかねない。
However, whistleblowing conducted in a fair manner could save the organizations they work for from an unfortunate predicament, and therefore whistleblowers should be protected.
しかし、正当な告発は組織の窮地を救う手がかりになる可能性があり、守るべき存在である。
毎日新聞 2014年08月18日 02時32分
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Provocative Russian military games in northern territories unforgivable
北方領土演習 ロシアの挑発は看過できない
Nothing other than an act of provocation has taken place in the Russian-held northern territories, the biggest of the issues pending between Tokyo and Moscow, and we categorically oppose the Russian action.
日露間の最大の懸案である北方領土を舞台にした挑発行為であり、断固として容認できない。
Russia has carried out military exercises with about 1,000 soldiers taking part on the islands of Kunashiri and Etorofu off Hokkaido, and the Kuril Islands.
ロシアが国後、択捉両島や千島列島で、１０００人規模の軍事演習を実施した。
Many attack helicopters and military vehicles were reportedly involved in the war exercises. Full-fledged war games in the northern territories are said to be the first since July 2010.
多数の攻撃用大型ヘリコプターや軍用車両が参加したという。北方領土での本格的な演習は２０１０年７月以来とされる。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has criticized the exercises as “totally unacceptable,” while the Foreign Ministry has lodged a strict protest with Russia’s charges d’affaires ad interim in Tokyo. These responses are undoubtably reasonable.
安倍首相は「到底受け入れることはできない」と批判し、外務省は駐日ロシア臨時代理大使に厳重抗議した。当然の対応である。
The Soviet Union illegally seized the four islands off eastern Hokkaido, which are an inherent part of Japan’s territory, in 1945 immediately after World War II. They have been illegally held ever since. Russia’s unilateral action of holding military exercises in the disputed areas—the focal point in the long-standing territorial negotiations between the two countries—will have a profound, negative impact on trust in the bilateral relations.
日本固有の領土である北方４島は、１９４５年の終戦直後からソ連に不法占拠されてきた。長年にわたる日露領土交渉の係争地における一方的な軍事演習は、両国間の信義を大きく傷つける。
Problematic in particular is the fact that Russia issued a statement on Wednesday that rejected Japan’s protest against the military maneuvers, saying, Russia “can choose by itself where to hold military exercises within its own territory.” Russia had taken no account of Japan’s demand in advance that the exercises be canceled.
特に問題なのは、ロシアが、日本の抗議に対し、「ロシアは軍事演習を行う場所を自国領内で独自に決定できる」と拒絶する声明を発表したことだ。日本の事前の中止要求も無視している。
During the exercises, Russian President Vladimir Putin made a visit to the Crimean Peninsula in the southern part of Ukraine. This makes us suspicious that the military drills this time may have been designed to stress Moscow’s stance never to budge even an inch on territorial issues as was the case with Crimea, which Russia annexed forcibly in March.
ロシアのプーチン大統領は演習と同時期に、ウクライナ南部のクリミア半島を訪問した。今回の演習には、３月に編入を強行したクリミアと同様、領土問題では一切譲歩しない姿勢を強調する狙いがあるのではないか。
Strategic diplomacy needed
A machine-gun and artillery division comprising about 3,500 soldiers has been stationed on Kunashiri and Etorofu islands, and it has been modernizing its equipment in recent years. This is part of the “Russification” attempts in the northern territories. Japan must work tenaciously to prod Russia into using self-restraint over the matter.
国後、択捉両島にはロシア軍の機関銃・砲兵師団約３５００人が駐留し、近年、装備の近代化を進めている。北方領土の「ロシア化」の一環だ。日本はロシアに粘り強く自制を促す必要がある。
Also notable is the possibility that a Mistral-class amphibious assault ship, which Moscow will purchase from France, will be deployed to Russia’s Pacific Fleet.
ロシア極東軍には、フランスから購入する予定のミストラル級強襲揚陸艦が配備される可能性が指摘されている。
Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera, during a meeting with his French counterpart at the end of July, urged France to cancel the sale of the amphibious assault vessel. The government should continue such diplomatic efforts.
小野寺防衛相は７月末の日仏防衛相会談で、強襲揚陸艦の売却中止を求めた。こうした外交努力も続けたい。
Russia, for its part, has reacted adversely to Japan’s support for anti-Russia sanctions by the United States and European countries over the Ukrainian situation.
ロシアは、ウクライナ問題を巡る米欧の対露制裁に日本が同調していることに反発している。
Following Japan’s decision on Aug. 5 to pursue a set of additional sanctions against Russia, including a freeze on the assets in Japan of Russian government officials and others, Russia took the countermeasure of postponing a consultative meeting of foreign vice ministerial officials that was scheduled toward the end of this month.
日本が今月５日にロシア政府関係者らの日本国内資産凍結などの追加制裁を決めると、ロシアは、今月末の日露外務次官級協議を延期する対抗措置をとった。
Moscow, however, has exempted Japan from a ban on farm product and fisheries imports, targeting only the United States and Europe. This has been deemed a tactic presumably aimed at disrupting ties between Japan and the United States and European nations.
一方、米欧からの農水産物輸入を禁じたが、日本は対象外とした。日本と米欧の分断工作だろう。
Because of the military exercises this time, further stagnation of Tokyo-Moscow relations is most likely inevitable. The prospects for realizing a visit to Japan by Putin this coming autumn, which the two countries have agreed upon, have become even slimmer.
今回の演習により、日露関係の一層の停滞は避けられまい。両国が合意している今秋のプーチン大統領の来日も、実現が一段と厳しい状況になった。
It is very important for Japan not to waver in the face of Russia’s attempt to put this country off balance, but rather to maintain the stance of keeping cooperative relations with the United States and European countries.
大切なのは、日本がロシアの揺さぶりに動じず、米欧との協調を維持することだ。
The government must engage in strategic diplomacy to never allow Russia’s infringement on any country’s territorial sovereignty or attempts to change the status quo by force.
力を背景とした領土の侵害や現状変更を許さない戦略的外交を展開すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 17, 2014)
Provocative Russian military games in northern territories unforgivable
北方領土演習 ロシアの挑発は看過できない
Nothing other than an act of provocation has taken place in the Russian-held northern territories, the biggest of the issues pending between Tokyo and Moscow, and we categorically oppose the Russian action.
日露間の最大の懸案である北方領土を舞台にした挑発行為であり、断固として容認できない。
Russia has carried out military exercises with about 1,000 soldiers taking part on the islands of Kunashiri and Etorofu off Hokkaido, and the Kuril Islands.
ロシアが国後、択捉両島や千島列島で、１０００人規模の軍事演習を実施した。
Many attack helicopters and military vehicles were reportedly involved in the war exercises. Full-fledged war games in the northern territories are said to be the first since July 2010.
多数の攻撃用大型ヘリコプターや軍用車両が参加したという。北方領土での本格的な演習は２０１０年７月以来とされる。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has criticized the exercises as “totally unacceptable,” while the Foreign Ministry has lodged a strict protest with Russia’s charges d’affaires ad interim in Tokyo. These responses are undoubtably reasonable.
安倍首相は「到底受け入れることはできない」と批判し、外務省は駐日ロシア臨時代理大使に厳重抗議した。当然の対応である。
The Soviet Union illegally seized the four islands off eastern Hokkaido, which are an inherent part of Japan’s territory, in 1945 immediately after World War II. They have been illegally held ever since. Russia’s unilateral action of holding military exercises in the disputed areas—the focal point in the long-standing territorial negotiations between the two countries—will have a profound, negative impact on trust in the bilateral relations.
日本固有の領土である北方４島は、１９４５年の終戦直後からソ連に不法占拠されてきた。長年にわたる日露領土交渉の係争地における一方的な軍事演習は、両国間の信義を大きく傷つける。
Problematic in particular is the fact that Russia issued a statement on Wednesday that rejected Japan’s protest against the military maneuvers, saying, Russia “can choose by itself where to hold military exercises within its own territory.” Russia had taken no account of Japan’s demand in advance that the exercises be canceled.
特に問題なのは、ロシアが、日本の抗議に対し、「ロシアは軍事演習を行う場所を自国領内で独自に決定できる」と拒絶する声明を発表したことだ。日本の事前の中止要求も無視している。
During the exercises, Russian President Vladimir Putin made a visit to the Crimean Peninsula in the southern part of Ukraine. This makes us suspicious that the military drills this time may have been designed to stress Moscow’s stance never to budge even an inch on territorial issues as was the case with Crimea, which Russia annexed forcibly in March.
ロシアのプーチン大統領は演習と同時期に、ウクライナ南部のクリミア半島を訪問した。今回の演習には、３月に編入を強行したクリミアと同様、領土問題では一切譲歩しない姿勢を強調する狙いがあるのではないか。
Strategic diplomacy needed
A machine-gun and artillery division comprising about 3,500 soldiers has been stationed on Kunashiri and Etorofu islands, and it has been modernizing its equipment in recent years. This is part of the “Russification” attempts in the northern territories. Japan must work tenaciously to prod Russia into using self-restraint over the matter.
国後、択捉両島にはロシア軍の機関銃・砲兵師団約３５００人が駐留し、近年、装備の近代化を進めている。北方領土の「ロシア化」の一環だ。日本はロシアに粘り強く自制を促す必要がある。
Also notable is the possibility that a Mistral-class amphibious assault ship, which Moscow will purchase from France, will be deployed to Russia’s Pacific Fleet.
ロシア極東軍には、フランスから購入する予定のミストラル級強襲揚陸艦が配備される可能性が指摘されている。
Defense Minister Itsunori Onodera, during a meeting with his French counterpart at the end of July, urged France to cancel the sale of the amphibious assault vessel. The government should continue such diplomatic efforts.
小野寺防衛相は７月末の日仏防衛相会談で、強襲揚陸艦の売却中止を求めた。こうした外交努力も続けたい。
Russia, for its part, has reacted adversely to Japan’s support for anti-Russia sanctions by the United States and European countries over the Ukrainian situation.
ロシアは、ウクライナ問題を巡る米欧の対露制裁に日本が同調していることに反発している。
Following Japan’s decision on Aug. 5 to pursue a set of additional sanctions against Russia, including a freeze on the assets in Japan of Russian government officials and others, Russia took the countermeasure of postponing a consultative meeting of foreign vice ministerial officials that was scheduled toward the end of this month.
日本が今月５日にロシア政府関係者らの日本国内資産凍結などの追加制裁を決めると、ロシアは、今月末の日露外務次官級協議を延期する対抗措置をとった。
Moscow, however, has exempted Japan from a ban on farm product and fisheries imports, targeting only the United States and Europe. This has been deemed a tactic presumably aimed at disrupting ties between Japan and the United States and European nations.
一方、米欧からの農水産物輸入を禁じたが、日本は対象外とした。日本と米欧の分断工作だろう。
Because of the military exercises this time, further stagnation of Tokyo-Moscow relations is most likely inevitable. The prospects for realizing a visit to Japan by Putin this coming autumn, which the two countries have agreed upon, have become even slimmer.
今回の演習により、日露関係の一層の停滞は避けられまい。両国が合意している今秋のプーチン大統領の来日も、実現が一段と厳しい状況になった。
It is very important for Japan not to waver in the face of Russia’s attempt to put this country off balance, but rather to maintain the stance of keeping cooperative relations with the United States and European countries.
大切なのは、日本がロシアの揺さぶりに動じず、米欧との協調を維持することだ。
The government must engage in strategic diplomacy to never allow Russia’s infringement on any country’s territorial sovereignty or attempts to change the status quo by force.
力を背景とした領土の侵害や現状変更を許さない戦略的外交を展開すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Aug. 17, 2014)
プロフィール
ＨＮ：
srachai
ＨＰ：
性別：
男性
職業：
civil engineer
趣味：
子育て
自己紹介：
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
Yomiuri
Mainichi
Asahi
Japan Times
Washington Post
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The Nations
Phuket Gazette
[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
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英字新聞（朝日２）
[ スラチャイ編集の辞書 ]
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06 聞き直すとき
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18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
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23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
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サイト外HPリンク一覧：
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04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
07 相手の言うことがわからないとき
08 うまく言えないとき
09 一般的なあいづち
10 よくわからないときの返事
11 強めのあいづち
12 自分について述べるとき
13 相手のことを尋ねるとき
14 頼みごとをするとき
15 申し出・依頼を断るとき
16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
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24 その他
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