北朝鮮制裁 実質的な効果を上げるには

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Apr. 11, 2009)
Japan must push for intl consensus on N. Korea
北朝鮮制裁　実質的な効果を上げるには（4月11日付・読売社説）

There is a limit to the effect sanctions imposed on North Korea by Japan alone can have. It is important, therefore, to bring about an international consensus that sees every nation, including China, take concerted action to put pressure on Pyongyang.
　日本単独の制裁には限界がある。中国をはじめ各国がそろって北朝鮮に圧力をかける国際環境を作ることが大事だ。

The Japanese government officially decided Friday to impose additional unilateral sanctions on North Korea in response to Pyongyang's recent missile launch.
　日本政府は、北朝鮮のミサイル発射を受けた独自の制裁措置を決定した。

This means existing sanctions, including a total ban on imports from the country, will be extended for one year. In the past, the sanctions have been extended every six months. The government also has introduced new measures that tighten the rules on cash transfers made from Japan to North Korea, and on the sums that can be taken to the country.
これまで半年ごとに延長してきた輸入の全面禁止など既存の措置をさらに１年延長した。新たに、北朝鮮への現金持ち出しや送金の規制を強化することも打ち出した。

The Japanese government held off imposing a blanket ban on exports to North Korea, likely to leave it with a trump card that could be used if North Korea threatens to withdraw from the six-party talks on denuclearization or goes ahead with another nuclear test.
　輸出の全面禁止は見送った。北朝鮮が核廃棄のための６か国協議から離脱する事態や、再度の核実験に踏み切る可能性を見越し、その時の“制裁カード”として温存しておこう、という判断だ。

Under the current Japan-North Korea relationship, the government's decision to unilaterally strengthen sanctions on North Korea will have limited effect. Japan's trade volume with North Korea has fallen to less than one-hundredth of its peak. The volume of cash taken from Japan to North Korea has fallen to about one-sixteenth of the level it was four years ago, and not one cash transfer was reported in fiscal 2008.
　だが、現在の日朝関係の下では、日本だけで制裁を強化しても効果は限られる。北朝鮮との貿易は、ピーク時の１００分の１以下だ。新たに規制を強化する現金の持ち出しも４年前と比べ約１６分の１に減り、送金報告の実績に至っては２００８年度は１件もない。

===

Statement of protest

It cannot be denied that Japan's unilateral implementation of sanctions serves only to make a political statement of protest over North Korea's missile launch.
　独自制裁が、日本の抗議の意思を示す政治的意味合いにとどまっているのは否定できない。

Among the sanctions regimes that could be imposed on North Korea, the most practical and effective approach would be to convince every nation to steadily implement U.N. Security Council Resolution 1718, which was adopted in response to a nuclear test carried out by Pyongyang in 2006.
　北朝鮮への制裁で、実質的に効果があるのは、０６年の北朝鮮の核実験を受けて国連安全保障理事会が採択した決議１７１８を各国にしっかり履行させることだ。

Resolution 1718 includes a ban on the export on luxury goods to North Korea and a freeze on the overseas assets held by all of North Korea's nuclear- and missile-related companies.
　決議は、ぜいたく品の禁輸や北朝鮮の核・ミサイル関連企業の海外資産凍結などの制裁措置を盛り込んでいる。

If China, North Korea's largest trading partner, strictly implemented the resolution, the effectiveness of the sanctions would surely be improved dramatically.
北朝鮮の最大の貿易相手国である中国が厳格に実施すれば、経済制裁の実効性は格段に増すに違いない。

At the U.N. Security Council, there is a move to work out a possible compromise among the permanent council members and Japan that would specify in a nonbinding presidential statement a call for strict compliance with Resolution 1718.
　国連安保理での協議では、法的拘束力のない議長声明に決議１７１８の履行を明記する方向で妥協を探る動きが出ている。

===

Path to new resolution

Japan has called for a new, tighter resolution to be adopted following North Korea's missile launch. But China and Russia, which have veto power on the Security Council, have shown little willingness to go down this path.
　日本はこれまで、新たな決議の採択が必要だと主張してきた。だが、拒否権を持つ中露は、決議には極めて慎重だ。

In persuading China and Russia to back a new resolution, Japan would be forced to make large concessions in the expression of the draft for a new resolution.
両国を説得するには表現などで大幅な妥協を強いられよう。

In principle, any presidential statement requires the unanimous backing of the Security Council members. If China and Russia were to approve a new presidential statement saying that North Korea's recent missile launch violated Resolution 1718 and calling on every nation to strictly implement sanctions imposed by the resolution, it would make it easier for Japan to urge each country to join it in implementing sanctions. What really matters is not the form the new resolution takes, but its contents.
　議長声明は全会一致が原則だ。今回のミサイル発射が決議違反であることや、制裁の厳格な履行を促す内容が盛り込まれ、それを中露も認めるというなら、今後、中露を含め各国に制裁の実施を働きかけやすくなる。形式よりも中身が肝心だろう。

Prime Minister Taro Aso is scheduled to attend the so-called ASEAN-plus-Three summit Saturday and the 16-nation East Asia Summit on Sunday, where he also will hold talks on the sidelines with leaders including Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.
　麻生首相はタイで行われる東南アジア諸国連合（ＡＳＥＡＮ）関連の会議に出席し、中国の温家宝首相はじめ各国首脳と会談する。

Aso should use this as an opportunity to further highlight the threat posed by North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, so that Japan's position can be better reflected in negotiations at the Security Council.
国連安保理での協議に日本の主張がより反映されるよう、首相は、北朝鮮の核とミサイルの脅威を粘り強く訴えるべきだ。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, April 11, 2009)
（2009年4月11日01時41分 読売新聞）