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The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 19, 2012)
Political system damaged by DPJ's aversion to bureaucracy
民主党政権総括 政治の劣化を招いた「脱官僚」（11月18日付・読売社説）
◆一体改革法成立は歴史的成果だ◆
The first thing the Democratic Party of Japan should do before the Dec. 16 House of Representatives election is review its past three years and two months in power. Can the DPJ do serious soul-searching on the plethora of issues it has mishandled and reflect the lessons learned in its campaign pledges for the upcoming election?
衆院選前にまず行うべきは、３年２か月に及ぶ民主党政権の総括だ。数々の失政を真剣に反省して、その教訓を新たな主張に反映できるのかが民主党に問われている。
The public approval rating for the Cabinet of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama was as high as 75 percent when it was inaugurated after the 2009 lower house election. Public approval of the current administration of Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda has declined to just 24 percent, showing how the public's initial high expectations of the DPJ were dashed after the change of government.
読売新聞世論調査では、鳩山内閣発足時の支持率が７５％だったのに対し、現在の野田内閣は２４％。政権交代に対する国民の期待の大きさと失望の広がりを物語る。
Under the DPJ government, the nation's politics have continued to suffer from confusion and stagnation, and this is not just because the Diet is divided. It is mostly because the party is incapable of managing the government.
民主党政権で政治の混乱と停滞が続いたのは、衆参ねじれ国会だけでなく、政権担当能力の未熟さに起因する部分が大きい。
◆数々の失政を反省せよ◆
This was symbolized by the DPJ's failed manifesto for the last general election. After reviewing its pledges, the party concluded that only 53 of them--including making tuition at public high schools free--had been implemented during its tenure. The figure represents only about 30 percent of the 170 original promises.
その象徴が、政権公約（マニフェスト）の破綻だ。民主党自身の検証でも、１７０件の政策のうち実現できたのは、高校無償化など５３件、約３割にとどまる。
The DPJ has many things to reflect on. Among its blunders, it was extremely optimistic to believe it could secure 16.8 trillion yen a year just through tweaking spending plans. It also suffered a setback in seeking to cancel construction of the Yamba Dam in Gunma Prefecture because it made the decision without consulting parties involved.
予算組み替えで「年１６・８兆円の財源確保が可能」とした甘い見通し、関係者との事前調整なしに掲げた「八ッ場ダムの建設中止」の挫折など、反省点は多い。
The DPJ's misguided "politician-led policymaking" have caused the administration to repeatedly malfunction.
誤った「政治主導」は、政府の機能を大幅に低下させた。
===
DPJ should reflect on blunders
Its budget screening initiative turned out to be nothing more than politicians playing to the gallery by bashing bureaucrats, and the process squeezed out only a limited amount of fiscal resources.
事業仕分けは、官僚たたきのパフォーマンスに過ぎず、捻出できた財源は限定的だった。
Based on an opposition-like stance, the DPJ took a hostile of view of bureaucrats and shunned the bureaucracy in deciding and carrying out policies. This weakened both the political and bureaucratic systems because public servants only awaited instructions from ministers, and politicians were not informed of important matters.
野党的体質から官僚を敵視し、「脱官僚」を進めた結果、官僚は指示待ちになる一方、政治家には重要情報が入らず、政官双方の劣化を招いた。
This problem became particularly apparent following the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami, when Prime Minister Naoto Kan's Cabinet failed to respond promptly. This caused confusion in helping the people in the disaster-hit areas and in dealing with the nuclear crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant.
菅内閣での東日本大震災の被災者支援や原発事故対応の遅れと混乱が典型例だ。
Politicians are supposed to fully utilize bureaucrats and try to bring out their best.
政治家は本来、官僚を使いこなし、その能力を最大限引き出すことにこそ、腐心すべきだ。
When it comes to nuclear energy, the DPJ initially said operations of reactors should be resumed once their safety was confirmed. However, the party abruptly proposed an infeasible zero-nuclear power policy instead, and caused widespread confusion due to insufficient coordination with the United States and domestic local governments that host nuclear power plants.
当初は、安全性を確認した原発は活用するとしていたのに、場当たり的に非現実的な「原発ゼロ」方針を掲げ、米国や関係自治体との調整不足から迷走を重ねた。
On the economic front, the DPJ could not propose an effective growth strategy even though it promised to revive the nation's economy. It also failed to work together with the business community.
経済再生を掲げながら実効性ある成長戦略を打ち出せず、経済界との足並みもそろわなかった。
Under the slogan "from concrete to people," the government has slashed spending on public works projects from 7.1 trillion yen for fiscal 2009 to 4.6 trillion yen for fiscal 2012--a decrease that has battered local economies.
「コンクリートから人」のスローガンの下、政府の公共事業費は当初予算ベースで２００９年度の７・１兆円から１２年度の４・６兆円に減り、地方は疲弊した。
Furthermore, because of other problematic policies such as those for budgetary handouts, the general account appropriations in the initial fiscal 2012 state budget have swollen to 96.7 trillion yen, including budgets for restoration from the Great East Japan Earthquake and related expenditures, from 88.5 trillion yen in fiscal 2009.
一方で、それ以外のバラマキ政策などによって、一般会計当初予算は、０９年度の８８・５兆円から１２年度は実質９６・７兆円（復興費などを含む）に膨張している。
With the issuance of deficit-covering bonds having exceeded 30 trillion yen every year in recent years, government finances have deteriorated steadily as shown by the fact that the outstanding balance of government debts is expected to reach 709 trillion yen at the end of this fiscal year--a drastic jump from fiscal 2009's 594 trillion yen.
毎年３０兆円超の赤字国債発行により財政は一層悪化し、国債発行残高は５９４兆円から今年度末に７０９兆円に増える見通しだ。
Former DPJ President Ichiro Ozawa, meanwhile, has failed to take responsibility even after his former secretaries were found guilty in September 2011 of charges of violating the Political Funds Control Law, tarnishing the public's image of the DPJ as a clean party.
小沢一郎元代表は、元秘書３人が政治資金規正法違反で有罪になっても責任を取らず、民主党のクリーンなイメージを傷つけた。
===
Persistent intraparty wrangling
◆党内対立が常に続いた◆
Within the ruling party, there was nonstopwrangling between pro-Ozawa and anti-Ozawa party members regarding DPJ's policies.
党内では「親小沢対反小沢」の路線対立が続いた。
The intraparty disarray stemmed mainly from the party's failure at the time of its 2003 merger with the Liberal Party, in which top priority was placed on cobbling together non-Liberal Democratic Party political forces without the spadework of reconciling political ideals and key policies among them.
０３年の自由党との合併時に非自民勢力の結集を優先し、理念や政策をすり合わせなかったことのツケと言える。
An opposition party can cover up intraparty policy differences, but a party in power, charged with implementing policies, cannot.
野党なら党内の政策の違いを糊塗(こと)できるが、政策を実行する与党はそうはいかない。
The split within the DPJ in early July over the issue of raising the consumption tax rate showed the party's internal contradictions had reached a critical point.
消費税率引き上げをめぐる党の分裂は、内部矛盾が臨界点に達したものだ。
None of the party executives, including Secretary General Azuma Koshiishi, made any move to assume responsibility for the party's split.
しかし、輿石幹事長ら執行部は、誰も責任を取ろうとしなかった。
The DPJ's policymaking process continued to falter as shown by a decision to abolish the Policy Research Committee, which was subsequently reversed by another decision to reinstate the panel, ostensibly to beef up its functions.
党政策調査会が廃止、復活を経て強化されるなど、政策決定システムも安定しなかった。
Although animated intraparty discussions were held, they often ended up failing to reach a timely conclusion.
活発に議論はするが、期限に結論が出ない。
DPJ legislators frequently turned their backs on what had earlier been decided within the party, revisiting issues that had been settled once.
決定事項に従わず、過去の経緯を踏まえず議論を蒸し返す。
And because the party did not take minutes of its meetings, intraparty discussions failed to be cumulative, resulting in superficial debates. Almost every time policies were discussed within the party, its immature political culture was brought to light.
議事録がないため議論が蓄積されず、深まらない。党内の政策論議のたびに民主党の未熟な政治文化が露呈した。
In addition, the DPJ's confused handling of diplomatic policy harmed the country's national interests.
外交の迷走は国益を損ねた。
The muddle involving the issue of relocating functions of the U.S. Marine Corps' Futenma Air Station in Okinawa Prefecture because of former Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama's mishandling of the matter weakened the Japan-U.S. alliance and created distrust among the people of Okinawa Prefecture. The scars remain unhealed even now.
鳩山元首相による米軍普天間飛行場移設問題の混乱が日米同盟を弱体化させ、沖縄に不信感を残した。その傷は今も癒えない。
The diplomatic blunders of the DPJ administration were exploited by neighboring countries, as shown by the ramming of Japan Coast Guard patrol vessels off the Senkaku Islands in September 2010 by a Chinese fishing boat, the sudden visit in July 2012 by Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev to the northern territories off eastern Hokkaido and the visit in August this year by South Korean President Lee Myung Bak to the Takeshima islets.
尖閣諸島沖での中国漁船衝突事件、メドベージェフ露首相の北方領土訪問、李明博韓国大統領の竹島訪問など、領土問題で近隣国につけ込まれる一因ともなった。
===
Noda's historic achievements
◆野田首相は他にも実績◆
Nevertheless, the DPJ-led administration can be credited with the historic achievement of realizing the passage of legislation on comprehensive social security and tax system reform.
民主党政権の歴史に残る成果は社会保障・税一体改革関連法を成立させたことだ。
Although the major opposition LDP played an important role in the legislation, the driving force behind the reform was the resolve of Noda, who risked his political life fully realizing the danger of a split in the party.
自民党も重要な役割を果たしたが、野田首相が政治生命をかけて退路を断ち、党分裂という重い代償も辞さずに突き進んだことが原動力だった。
The prime minister also gave full play to his leadership in bringing the Oi nuclear power plant in Fukui Prefecture of Kansai Electric Power Co. back online and announcing his support of Japan's participation in multilateral Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade negotiations.
首相は関西電力大飯原発の再稼働で指導力を発揮し、環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）参加問題でも積極姿勢を示した。
Noda should be credited for attaining a degree of results in spite of the pile of "adverse legacies" left by the administrations of his two predecessors, Hatoyama and Kan.
鳩山、菅政権の「負の遺産」を抱えつつ一定の実績を残したと評価できる。
On the diplomatic and national security front, the Noda Cabinet rightly revealed Japan-U.S. secrets, including one on Japan's tacit agreement to allow U.S. nuclear arms to be brought into this country, and relaxed Japan's three-point principles concerning weapons exports.
外交・安全保障分野では、核持ち込みなどに関する日米密約を解明し、武器輸出３原則を緩和した。
These had been long-pending tasks that the LDP and New Komeito did not accomplish when they were in power, and they can safely be called positive results of the change of government.
いずれも自民・公明連立政権では実現できなかった長年の課題であり、政権交代の効用と言える。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 18, 2012)
（2012年11月18日01時24分 読売新聞）
Political system damaged by DPJ's aversion to bureaucracy
民主党政権総括 政治の劣化を招いた「脱官僚」（11月18日付・読売社説）
◆一体改革法成立は歴史的成果だ◆
The first thing the Democratic Party of Japan should do before the Dec. 16 House of Representatives election is review its past three years and two months in power. Can the DPJ do serious soul-searching on the plethora of issues it has mishandled and reflect the lessons learned in its campaign pledges for the upcoming election?
衆院選前にまず行うべきは、３年２か月に及ぶ民主党政権の総括だ。数々の失政を真剣に反省して、その教訓を新たな主張に反映できるのかが民主党に問われている。
The public approval rating for the Cabinet of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama was as high as 75 percent when it was inaugurated after the 2009 lower house election. Public approval of the current administration of Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda has declined to just 24 percent, showing how the public's initial high expectations of the DPJ were dashed after the change of government.
読売新聞世論調査では、鳩山内閣発足時の支持率が７５％だったのに対し、現在の野田内閣は２４％。政権交代に対する国民の期待の大きさと失望の広がりを物語る。
Under the DPJ government, the nation's politics have continued to suffer from confusion and stagnation, and this is not just because the Diet is divided. It is mostly because the party is incapable of managing the government.
民主党政権で政治の混乱と停滞が続いたのは、衆参ねじれ国会だけでなく、政権担当能力の未熟さに起因する部分が大きい。
◆数々の失政を反省せよ◆
This was symbolized by the DPJ's failed manifesto for the last general election. After reviewing its pledges, the party concluded that only 53 of them--including making tuition at public high schools free--had been implemented during its tenure. The figure represents only about 30 percent of the 170 original promises.
その象徴が、政権公約（マニフェスト）の破綻だ。民主党自身の検証でも、１７０件の政策のうち実現できたのは、高校無償化など５３件、約３割にとどまる。
The DPJ has many things to reflect on. Among its blunders, it was extremely optimistic to believe it could secure 16.8 trillion yen a year just through tweaking spending plans. It also suffered a setback in seeking to cancel construction of the Yamba Dam in Gunma Prefecture because it made the decision without consulting parties involved.
予算組み替えで「年１６・８兆円の財源確保が可能」とした甘い見通し、関係者との事前調整なしに掲げた「八ッ場ダムの建設中止」の挫折など、反省点は多い。
The DPJ's misguided "politician-led policymaking" have caused the administration to repeatedly malfunction.
誤った「政治主導」は、政府の機能を大幅に低下させた。
===
DPJ should reflect on blunders
Its budget screening initiative turned out to be nothing more than politicians playing to the gallery by bashing bureaucrats, and the process squeezed out only a limited amount of fiscal resources.
事業仕分けは、官僚たたきのパフォーマンスに過ぎず、捻出できた財源は限定的だった。
Based on an opposition-like stance, the DPJ took a hostile of view of bureaucrats and shunned the bureaucracy in deciding and carrying out policies. This weakened both the political and bureaucratic systems because public servants only awaited instructions from ministers, and politicians were not informed of important matters.
野党的体質から官僚を敵視し、「脱官僚」を進めた結果、官僚は指示待ちになる一方、政治家には重要情報が入らず、政官双方の劣化を招いた。
This problem became particularly apparent following the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami, when Prime Minister Naoto Kan's Cabinet failed to respond promptly. This caused confusion in helping the people in the disaster-hit areas and in dealing with the nuclear crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant.
菅内閣での東日本大震災の被災者支援や原発事故対応の遅れと混乱が典型例だ。
Politicians are supposed to fully utilize bureaucrats and try to bring out their best.
政治家は本来、官僚を使いこなし、その能力を最大限引き出すことにこそ、腐心すべきだ。
When it comes to nuclear energy, the DPJ initially said operations of reactors should be resumed once their safety was confirmed. However, the party abruptly proposed an infeasible zero-nuclear power policy instead, and caused widespread confusion due to insufficient coordination with the United States and domestic local governments that host nuclear power plants.
当初は、安全性を確認した原発は活用するとしていたのに、場当たり的に非現実的な「原発ゼロ」方針を掲げ、米国や関係自治体との調整不足から迷走を重ねた。
On the economic front, the DPJ could not propose an effective growth strategy even though it promised to revive the nation's economy. It also failed to work together with the business community.
経済再生を掲げながら実効性ある成長戦略を打ち出せず、経済界との足並みもそろわなかった。
Under the slogan "from concrete to people," the government has slashed spending on public works projects from 7.1 trillion yen for fiscal 2009 to 4.6 trillion yen for fiscal 2012--a decrease that has battered local economies.
「コンクリートから人」のスローガンの下、政府の公共事業費は当初予算ベースで２００９年度の７・１兆円から１２年度の４・６兆円に減り、地方は疲弊した。
Furthermore, because of other problematic policies such as those for budgetary handouts, the general account appropriations in the initial fiscal 2012 state budget have swollen to 96.7 trillion yen, including budgets for restoration from the Great East Japan Earthquake and related expenditures, from 88.5 trillion yen in fiscal 2009.
一方で、それ以外のバラマキ政策などによって、一般会計当初予算は、０９年度の８８・５兆円から１２年度は実質９６・７兆円（復興費などを含む）に膨張している。
With the issuance of deficit-covering bonds having exceeded 30 trillion yen every year in recent years, government finances have deteriorated steadily as shown by the fact that the outstanding balance of government debts is expected to reach 709 trillion yen at the end of this fiscal year--a drastic jump from fiscal 2009's 594 trillion yen.
毎年３０兆円超の赤字国債発行により財政は一層悪化し、国債発行残高は５９４兆円から今年度末に７０９兆円に増える見通しだ。
Former DPJ President Ichiro Ozawa, meanwhile, has failed to take responsibility even after his former secretaries were found guilty in September 2011 of charges of violating the Political Funds Control Law, tarnishing the public's image of the DPJ as a clean party.
小沢一郎元代表は、元秘書３人が政治資金規正法違反で有罪になっても責任を取らず、民主党のクリーンなイメージを傷つけた。
===
Persistent intraparty wrangling
◆党内対立が常に続いた◆
Within the ruling party, there was nonstopwrangling between pro-Ozawa and anti-Ozawa party members regarding DPJ's policies.
党内では「親小沢対反小沢」の路線対立が続いた。
The intraparty disarray stemmed mainly from the party's failure at the time of its 2003 merger with the Liberal Party, in which top priority was placed on cobbling together non-Liberal Democratic Party political forces without the spadework of reconciling political ideals and key policies among them.
０３年の自由党との合併時に非自民勢力の結集を優先し、理念や政策をすり合わせなかったことのツケと言える。
An opposition party can cover up intraparty policy differences, but a party in power, charged with implementing policies, cannot.
野党なら党内の政策の違いを糊塗(こと)できるが、政策を実行する与党はそうはいかない。
The split within the DPJ in early July over the issue of raising the consumption tax rate showed the party's internal contradictions had reached a critical point.
消費税率引き上げをめぐる党の分裂は、内部矛盾が臨界点に達したものだ。
None of the party executives, including Secretary General Azuma Koshiishi, made any move to assume responsibility for the party's split.
しかし、輿石幹事長ら執行部は、誰も責任を取ろうとしなかった。
The DPJ's policymaking process continued to falter as shown by a decision to abolish the Policy Research Committee, which was subsequently reversed by another decision to reinstate the panel, ostensibly to beef up its functions.
党政策調査会が廃止、復活を経て強化されるなど、政策決定システムも安定しなかった。
Although animated intraparty discussions were held, they often ended up failing to reach a timely conclusion.
活発に議論はするが、期限に結論が出ない。
DPJ legislators frequently turned their backs on what had earlier been decided within the party, revisiting issues that had been settled once.
決定事項に従わず、過去の経緯を踏まえず議論を蒸し返す。
And because the party did not take minutes of its meetings, intraparty discussions failed to be cumulative, resulting in superficial debates. Almost every time policies were discussed within the party, its immature political culture was brought to light.
議事録がないため議論が蓄積されず、深まらない。党内の政策論議のたびに民主党の未熟な政治文化が露呈した。
In addition, the DPJ's confused handling of diplomatic policy harmed the country's national interests.
外交の迷走は国益を損ねた。
The muddle involving the issue of relocating functions of the U.S. Marine Corps' Futenma Air Station in Okinawa Prefecture because of former Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama's mishandling of the matter weakened the Japan-U.S. alliance and created distrust among the people of Okinawa Prefecture. The scars remain unhealed even now.
鳩山元首相による米軍普天間飛行場移設問題の混乱が日米同盟を弱体化させ、沖縄に不信感を残した。その傷は今も癒えない。
The diplomatic blunders of the DPJ administration were exploited by neighboring countries, as shown by the ramming of Japan Coast Guard patrol vessels off the Senkaku Islands in September 2010 by a Chinese fishing boat, the sudden visit in July 2012 by Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev to the northern territories off eastern Hokkaido and the visit in August this year by South Korean President Lee Myung Bak to the Takeshima islets.
尖閣諸島沖での中国漁船衝突事件、メドベージェフ露首相の北方領土訪問、李明博韓国大統領の竹島訪問など、領土問題で近隣国につけ込まれる一因ともなった。
===
Noda's historic achievements
◆野田首相は他にも実績◆
Nevertheless, the DPJ-led administration can be credited with the historic achievement of realizing the passage of legislation on comprehensive social security and tax system reform.
民主党政権の歴史に残る成果は社会保障・税一体改革関連法を成立させたことだ。
Although the major opposition LDP played an important role in the legislation, the driving force behind the reform was the resolve of Noda, who risked his political life fully realizing the danger of a split in the party.
自民党も重要な役割を果たしたが、野田首相が政治生命をかけて退路を断ち、党分裂という重い代償も辞さずに突き進んだことが原動力だった。
The prime minister also gave full play to his leadership in bringing the Oi nuclear power plant in Fukui Prefecture of Kansai Electric Power Co. back online and announcing his support of Japan's participation in multilateral Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade negotiations.
首相は関西電力大飯原発の再稼働で指導力を発揮し、環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）参加問題でも積極姿勢を示した。
Noda should be credited for attaining a degree of results in spite of the pile of "adverse legacies" left by the administrations of his two predecessors, Hatoyama and Kan.
鳩山、菅政権の「負の遺産」を抱えつつ一定の実績を残したと評価できる。
On the diplomatic and national security front, the Noda Cabinet rightly revealed Japan-U.S. secrets, including one on Japan's tacit agreement to allow U.S. nuclear arms to be brought into this country, and relaxed Japan's three-point principles concerning weapons exports.
外交・安全保障分野では、核持ち込みなどに関する日米密約を解明し、武器輸出３原則を緩和した。
These had been long-pending tasks that the LDP and New Komeito did not accomplish when they were in power, and they can safely be called positive results of the change of government.
いずれも自民・公明連立政権では実現できなかった長年の課題であり、政権交代の効用と言える。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 18, 2012)
（2012年11月18日01時24分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 18, 2012)
Political parties to be tested on their ability to deliver
衆院解散 問われる各党の公約と実行力（11月17日付・読売社説）
◆「第３極」の真価を見極めたい◆
The public's attention has recently been directed to whether the ruling Democratic Party of Japan will continue to lead the government or the two main opposition forces, the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeito, will return to power. The focus has also been on the extent to which Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and other new political parties can expand their influence.
民主党を中心とする政権の継続か、自民、公明両党の政権奪還か。日本維新の会など新党がどれだけ勢力を伸ばすか。
The upcoming House of Representatives election is expected to be critical as it could chart the course for the nation's future.
日本の将来を左右する極めて重要な衆院選となろう。
On Friday, the lower house was dissolved. The general election is set for Dec. 16 with official campaigning to start Dec. 4. For all intents and purposes, the election battle has effectively kicked off.
衆院が１６日、解散された。衆院選は、１２月４日公示、１６日投開票の日程で行われる。事実上の選挙戦が始まった。
In the election, the DPJ will be evaluated on its performance during its three-year rule by three prime ministers since Yukio Hatoyama.
今回の衆院選では、まず鳩山内閣以来３代、３年にわたった民主党政権の実績が問われる。
===
Noda recognized for bold acts
◆民主党に不利でも決断◆
During the 2009 lower house election campaign, the potential for a change in government was high, and the DPJ earned a stunning victory. But many voters appear to be suffering from the present political disorder and a decision-making stalemate as result of the party's win.
２００９年衆院選では「政権交代」ムードが先行し、民主党が大勝した。その結果もたらされた国政の混乱と停滞を多くの有権者が痛感したのではないか。
There are plenty of issues that the DPJ has mishandled. These include diplomatic missteps by the Hatoyama Cabinet when it pursued politician-led handling of state affairs in the wrong way and the ineptitude of Naoto Kan's administration in addressing the crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant.
誤った政治主導を振りかざした鳩山内閣の外交迷走、菅内閣の原子力発電所事故対応の不手際など、失政の具体例には事欠かない。
At a press conference Friday, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda said: "I previously said I would ask for a public mandate once the integrated reform of the social security and tax systems was achieved. I dissolved [the lower house] to fulfill this promise."
野田首相は記者会見で、衆院解散の目的について「社会保障と税の一体改革を実現した暁には、近いうちに信を問うと言った。その約束を果たすためだ」と説明した。
It is indeed a historic accomplishment that the prime minister was able to pass integrated reform bills, which center on bills to raise the consumption tax rate, in the divided Diet, where the House of Councillors is controlled by the opposition. We can understand that he respected an agreement with the LDP and Komeito, which cooperated with Noda's party to enact the historic bills.
首相が、消費税率引き上げを柱とする一体改革関連法の成立を衆参ねじれ国会で実現したことは、確かに歴史に残る功績である。それに協力した自公両党との合意を大切にする姿勢は理解できる。
We also applaud Noda for following through with the dissolution even though many of DPJ members, including Secretary General Azuma Koshiishi, opposed the breakup of the chamber and election prospects were dim for the party.
極めて選挙に不利な状況にありながら、首相が輿石幹事長ら党内の反対を押し切り、解散を断行したことも評価に値しよう。
The public approval rating for Noda's Cabinet has also been declining. In a recent Yomiuri Shimbun survey, the rating plunged to 19 percent, the lowest since the Cabinet's inauguration in September of last year. Furthermore, DPJ members continue to leave the party, with no end in sight to the defections.
野田内閣の支持率は低迷し、読売新聞の世論調査では昨年９月の内閣発足以来、最低の１９％と危機的水準にある。民主党からの離党に歯止めがかからない。
Noda said at the press conference Friday: "We have an ongoing political situation in which we are unable to make decisions. By dissolving [the lower house], I'd like to put an end to this evil practice."
一方で首相は、「決められない政治が続いてきた。その悪弊を解散で断ちたい」とも述べた。
Regardless of the election outcome, the Diet will remain divided at least until next summer's upper house election, as no party holds a majority of seats in the chamber. To move politics forward, it is essential for parties to cooperate with one another or form a coalition.
衆院選の結果がどうであれ、参院で過半数の議席を有する政党はなく、少なくとも来夏の参院選までは衆参のねじれは解消しない。政治を前に動かすには、政党間の連携や連立が不可欠だ。
===
Interparty cooperation needed
◆民自公の協調は必要だ◆
The increase in the consumption tax is only halfway complete based on the agreement by the DPJ, the LDP and Komeito. To achieve the intended reform of the social security and tax systems, the three parties are likely to be urged to maintain their cooperative stance after the election.
民主、自民、公明の３党合意に基づく消費増税は道半ばである。改革を成し遂げるためにも、選挙後、民自公協調路線を維持することが求められよう。
A stable government with either of the two major parties at its center is needed most for Japan's revival. We consider it unfavorable to have a coalition government consisting of multiple parties since consensus building would be slow going.
日本の再生にとって最も必要なのは、２大政党のいずれかを軸とする安定した政権である。合意形成に手間取るような多党化は、好ましくない。
However, several new parties, including Ishin no Kai and Taiyo no To (The Sunrise Party), recently have emerged one after another, aiming to become a third political force following the DPJ and the LDP.
しかし、民主、自民両党に次ぐ第３極を目指そうと日本維新の会、太陽の党など新党が続々と誕生した。
With the unprecedented number of more than 10 parties campaigning, efforts are also under way to unite them. The new parties aim to attract voters frustrated with established political parties.
１０を超える党の乱立という異例の展開で、勢力結集へ模索が続く。既成政党への不満の受け皿になることを狙っている。
Many former lower house members who have just lost their Diet seats due to the dissolution are quitting the parties they belonged to and joining new parties, in an apparent attempt to survive the upcoming general election. We must seek to find the true value of a potential third political force.
前議員が新党に走る動きは、生き残りのためではないか。第３極の真価を見極める必要がある。
We expect each party to clarify its vision for the future of Japan and list its policies according to priority.
各党は、日本のあるべき「国家像」を明確にし、政策の優先度を示してもらいたい。
The public has completely lost faith in the DPJ's manifesto made in the 2009 lower house election. The party's unfulfilled handout policy pledges, such as the child-rearing allowance of 26,000 yen per month and the abolition of expressway tolls, have failed to materialize due to a lack of financing. This has only led to an amplification of voters' distrust in politics.
０９年衆院選での民主党政権公約（マニフェスト）に対する信頼は失墜した。月２万６０００円の子ども手当や高速道路無料化など実現しなかったバラマキ政策は財源の裏付けを欠いていた。政治不信を増幅する原因になった。
Parties must not repeat the mistake of competing with each other to win an election by making policy promises that appeal to voters, but which are unfeasible.
国民の歓心を買うため、実現性のない、大衆迎合の政策を競う愚を繰り返してはなるまい。
In drafting new election pledges, parties should consider that a bill could fail without the cooperation of other parties in the divided Diet. Only setting deadlines for realizing election promises and other numerical targets is meaningless.
新たな公約の作成に際しては、ねじれ国会で、他党の協力なしに法案が成立しないことを考えるべきだ。政策の達成期限や数値目標だけを示しても、意味はない。
Noda again stressed his policy to achieve zero nuclear power generation in the 2030s.
野田首相は、３０年代に「原発稼働ゼロ」を目指す方針を改めて強調した。
The upcoming election will determine "whether the party aiming to depart from the nation's dependence on nuclear power or the party promoting the conventional energy policy will win," said the prime minister.
「脱原発依存の方向感を持つ政党が勝つのか、従来のエネルギー政策を進める政党が勝つのかが問われる」と位置づけた。
===
Policies must be scrutinized
◆大衆迎合の政策避けよ◆
People's Life First, Your Party and Ishin no Kai also advocate denuclearization as one of their policies.
国民の生活が第一、みんなの党、日本維新の会なども「脱原発」を唱えている。
However, we doubt zero nuclear power generation is a realistic policy. Many issues must be resolved before such a target can be achieved, such as securing alternative energy sources, raising electricity rates, and addressing the negative effects on the economy and employment.
だが、代替エネルギーの確保や電気料金の値上げ問題、経済・雇用への悪影響など多くの懸案があり、脱原発が果たして現実的な政策と言えるのか、疑問である。
The LDP plans to support nuclear power plants whose safety has been confirmed, with a pledge by the government to accept responsibility for their reactivation. We expect the LDP to present its medium- to long-term energy policy in detail.
自民党は「政府が責任を持って再稼働する」として安全性を確認した原発は活用する考えだ。中長期のエネルギー政策についても具体的に提示してほしい。
Additionally, there are a number of other important issues that should be addressed, such as a growth strategy for reviving the Japanese economy; Japan's possible participation in negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade pact; social security; territorial and sovereignty matters; and national security.
争点は、このほか、日本経済再生のための成長戦略、環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）参加問題、社会保障、領土・主権問題、安全保障など数多い。
Voters should carefully scrutinize the respective candidates' policies and capabilities to execute them so they can make an informed choice without regret.
各政党、各候補の政策とその実行能力を厳しく吟味し、後悔しない「選択」を目指したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 17, 2012)
（2012年11月17日01時30分 読売新聞）
Political parties to be tested on their ability to deliver
衆院解散 問われる各党の公約と実行力（11月17日付・読売社説）
◆「第３極」の真価を見極めたい◆
The public's attention has recently been directed to whether the ruling Democratic Party of Japan will continue to lead the government or the two main opposition forces, the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeito, will return to power. The focus has also been on the extent to which Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and other new political parties can expand their influence.
民主党を中心とする政権の継続か、自民、公明両党の政権奪還か。日本維新の会など新党がどれだけ勢力を伸ばすか。
The upcoming House of Representatives election is expected to be critical as it could chart the course for the nation's future.
日本の将来を左右する極めて重要な衆院選となろう。
On Friday, the lower house was dissolved. The general election is set for Dec. 16 with official campaigning to start Dec. 4. For all intents and purposes, the election battle has effectively kicked off.
衆院が１６日、解散された。衆院選は、１２月４日公示、１６日投開票の日程で行われる。事実上の選挙戦が始まった。
In the election, the DPJ will be evaluated on its performance during its three-year rule by three prime ministers since Yukio Hatoyama.
今回の衆院選では、まず鳩山内閣以来３代、３年にわたった民主党政権の実績が問われる。
===
Noda recognized for bold acts
◆民主党に不利でも決断◆
During the 2009 lower house election campaign, the potential for a change in government was high, and the DPJ earned a stunning victory. But many voters appear to be suffering from the present political disorder and a decision-making stalemate as result of the party's win.
２００９年衆院選では「政権交代」ムードが先行し、民主党が大勝した。その結果もたらされた国政の混乱と停滞を多くの有権者が痛感したのではないか。
There are plenty of issues that the DPJ has mishandled. These include diplomatic missteps by the Hatoyama Cabinet when it pursued politician-led handling of state affairs in the wrong way and the ineptitude of Naoto Kan's administration in addressing the crisis at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant.
誤った政治主導を振りかざした鳩山内閣の外交迷走、菅内閣の原子力発電所事故対応の不手際など、失政の具体例には事欠かない。
At a press conference Friday, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda said: "I previously said I would ask for a public mandate once the integrated reform of the social security and tax systems was achieved. I dissolved [the lower house] to fulfill this promise."
野田首相は記者会見で、衆院解散の目的について「社会保障と税の一体改革を実現した暁には、近いうちに信を問うと言った。その約束を果たすためだ」と説明した。
It is indeed a historic accomplishment that the prime minister was able to pass integrated reform bills, which center on bills to raise the consumption tax rate, in the divided Diet, where the House of Councillors is controlled by the opposition. We can understand that he respected an agreement with the LDP and Komeito, which cooperated with Noda's party to enact the historic bills.
首相が、消費税率引き上げを柱とする一体改革関連法の成立を衆参ねじれ国会で実現したことは、確かに歴史に残る功績である。それに協力した自公両党との合意を大切にする姿勢は理解できる。
We also applaud Noda for following through with the dissolution even though many of DPJ members, including Secretary General Azuma Koshiishi, opposed the breakup of the chamber and election prospects were dim for the party.
極めて選挙に不利な状況にありながら、首相が輿石幹事長ら党内の反対を押し切り、解散を断行したことも評価に値しよう。
The public approval rating for Noda's Cabinet has also been declining. In a recent Yomiuri Shimbun survey, the rating plunged to 19 percent, the lowest since the Cabinet's inauguration in September of last year. Furthermore, DPJ members continue to leave the party, with no end in sight to the defections.
野田内閣の支持率は低迷し、読売新聞の世論調査では昨年９月の内閣発足以来、最低の１９％と危機的水準にある。民主党からの離党に歯止めがかからない。
Noda said at the press conference Friday: "We have an ongoing political situation in which we are unable to make decisions. By dissolving [the lower house], I'd like to put an end to this evil practice."
一方で首相は、「決められない政治が続いてきた。その悪弊を解散で断ちたい」とも述べた。
Regardless of the election outcome, the Diet will remain divided at least until next summer's upper house election, as no party holds a majority of seats in the chamber. To move politics forward, it is essential for parties to cooperate with one another or form a coalition.
衆院選の結果がどうであれ、参院で過半数の議席を有する政党はなく、少なくとも来夏の参院選までは衆参のねじれは解消しない。政治を前に動かすには、政党間の連携や連立が不可欠だ。
===
Interparty cooperation needed
◆民自公の協調は必要だ◆
The increase in the consumption tax is only halfway complete based on the agreement by the DPJ, the LDP and Komeito. To achieve the intended reform of the social security and tax systems, the three parties are likely to be urged to maintain their cooperative stance after the election.
民主、自民、公明の３党合意に基づく消費増税は道半ばである。改革を成し遂げるためにも、選挙後、民自公協調路線を維持することが求められよう。
A stable government with either of the two major parties at its center is needed most for Japan's revival. We consider it unfavorable to have a coalition government consisting of multiple parties since consensus building would be slow going.
日本の再生にとって最も必要なのは、２大政党のいずれかを軸とする安定した政権である。合意形成に手間取るような多党化は、好ましくない。
However, several new parties, including Ishin no Kai and Taiyo no To (The Sunrise Party), recently have emerged one after another, aiming to become a third political force following the DPJ and the LDP.
しかし、民主、自民両党に次ぐ第３極を目指そうと日本維新の会、太陽の党など新党が続々と誕生した。
With the unprecedented number of more than 10 parties campaigning, efforts are also under way to unite them. The new parties aim to attract voters frustrated with established political parties.
１０を超える党の乱立という異例の展開で、勢力結集へ模索が続く。既成政党への不満の受け皿になることを狙っている。
Many former lower house members who have just lost their Diet seats due to the dissolution are quitting the parties they belonged to and joining new parties, in an apparent attempt to survive the upcoming general election. We must seek to find the true value of a potential third political force.
前議員が新党に走る動きは、生き残りのためではないか。第３極の真価を見極める必要がある。
We expect each party to clarify its vision for the future of Japan and list its policies according to priority.
各党は、日本のあるべき「国家像」を明確にし、政策の優先度を示してもらいたい。
The public has completely lost faith in the DPJ's manifesto made in the 2009 lower house election. The party's unfulfilled handout policy pledges, such as the child-rearing allowance of 26,000 yen per month and the abolition of expressway tolls, have failed to materialize due to a lack of financing. This has only led to an amplification of voters' distrust in politics.
０９年衆院選での民主党政権公約（マニフェスト）に対する信頼は失墜した。月２万６０００円の子ども手当や高速道路無料化など実現しなかったバラマキ政策は財源の裏付けを欠いていた。政治不信を増幅する原因になった。
Parties must not repeat the mistake of competing with each other to win an election by making policy promises that appeal to voters, but which are unfeasible.
国民の歓心を買うため、実現性のない、大衆迎合の政策を競う愚を繰り返してはなるまい。
In drafting new election pledges, parties should consider that a bill could fail without the cooperation of other parties in the divided Diet. Only setting deadlines for realizing election promises and other numerical targets is meaningless.
新たな公約の作成に際しては、ねじれ国会で、他党の協力なしに法案が成立しないことを考えるべきだ。政策の達成期限や数値目標だけを示しても、意味はない。
Noda again stressed his policy to achieve zero nuclear power generation in the 2030s.
野田首相は、３０年代に「原発稼働ゼロ」を目指す方針を改めて強調した。
The upcoming election will determine "whether the party aiming to depart from the nation's dependence on nuclear power or the party promoting the conventional energy policy will win," said the prime minister.
「脱原発依存の方向感を持つ政党が勝つのか、従来のエネルギー政策を進める政党が勝つのかが問われる」と位置づけた。
===
Policies must be scrutinized
◆大衆迎合の政策避けよ◆
People's Life First, Your Party and Ishin no Kai also advocate denuclearization as one of their policies.
国民の生活が第一、みんなの党、日本維新の会なども「脱原発」を唱えている。
However, we doubt zero nuclear power generation is a realistic policy. Many issues must be resolved before such a target can be achieved, such as securing alternative energy sources, raising electricity rates, and addressing the negative effects on the economy and employment.
だが、代替エネルギーの確保や電気料金の値上げ問題、経済・雇用への悪影響など多くの懸案があり、脱原発が果たして現実的な政策と言えるのか、疑問である。
The LDP plans to support nuclear power plants whose safety has been confirmed, with a pledge by the government to accept responsibility for their reactivation. We expect the LDP to present its medium- to long-term energy policy in detail.
自民党は「政府が責任を持って再稼働する」として安全性を確認した原発は活用する考えだ。中長期のエネルギー政策についても具体的に提示してほしい。
Additionally, there are a number of other important issues that should be addressed, such as a growth strategy for reviving the Japanese economy; Japan's possible participation in negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade pact; social security; territorial and sovereignty matters; and national security.
争点は、このほか、日本経済再生のための成長戦略、環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）参加問題、社会保障、領土・主権問題、安全保障など数多い。
Voters should carefully scrutinize the respective candidates' policies and capabilities to execute them so they can make an informed choice without regret.
各政党、各候補の政策とその実行能力を厳しく吟味し、後悔しない「選択」を目指したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 17, 2012)
（2012年11月17日01時30分 読売新聞）
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The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 17, 2012)
Japan needs sound strategy to deal with Xi administration
習近平体制発足 膨張中国と向き合う戦略築け（11月16日付・読売社説）
The Chinese Communist Party held the first plenary session of the 18th Central Committee on Thursday and made enormous changes to its leadership. The session marked the beginning of the Xi Jinping regime that will steer China through the next decade.
中国共産党の中央委員会総会が開かれ、指導部が大幅に交代した。今後１０年、中国のかじを取る習近平体制の始動だ。
Xi, the new party general secretary, held a press conference on the day. "Our responsibility is to unite and lead people of the entire party and of all ethnic groups around the country while...continuing to work for realizing the great revival of the Chinese nation in order to let the Chinese nation stand more firmly and powerfully among all nations around the world," he said.
総書記に選ばれた習近平国家副主席は記者会見で、「我々の責任は引き続き中華民族の偉大な復興のために努力奮闘し、中華民族を世界の民族の中でさらに力強く自立させることである」と語った。
In line with Xi's words, it seems evident that China will continue to advance along its path of reform and opening-up while maintaining a political system dominated by a single party. China will also seek to further expand its economic and military might, aiming at becoming a superpower on par with the United States. Its policy of expansion both militarily and economically will not change anytime soon.
その言葉通り、習政権は一党独裁を堅持しながら改革・開放を進め、米国と並ぶ超大国を目指して経済力と軍事力の一層の強大化を図るのだろう。軍事・経済の「膨張路線」は当面変わるまい。
===
Can Xi exercise leadership?
Xi, the son of a former vice premier, is known as the leader of the so-called princelings, the influential offspring of high-ranking party officials. However, with his elders still holding sway in the party, it remains unclear to what extent he can exercise his leadership.
元副首相を父に持つ習氏は、高級幹部の子女グループ「太子党」の代表だが、党長老の影響力が残る中、どこまで指導力を発揮できるかは不透明と言える。
Noteworthy in the latest leadership appointments is that Hu Jintao, who led China for 10 years during his two terms, not only vacated the general secretary post but also stepped down as chairman of the Central Military Commission, handing over both posts to Xi.
今回の人事で注目されるのは、これまで２期１０年、政権を率いてきた胡錦濤氏が総書記だけでなく軍を握る中央軍事委員会主席も退任して、習氏に譲ったことだ。
When Jiang Zemin stepped aside to make way for Hu as party leader, he remained military chief for nearly two more years. By giving up both posts, Hu likely is trying to end the dual-rule framework that has complicated decision-making by top leaders.
総書記退任後も２年近く軍事委主席にとどまった江沢民元総書記と異なる道を選ぶことで、胡氏には、最高指導部の意思決定を複雑化させてきた二元支配を終わらせる狙いがあるのだろう。
Yet, Hu appears to have retained influence by promoting senior military leaders close to him as vice chairmen of the commission before the party's National Congress. He also placed members of his faction in the Politburo. These actions point to a desire by Hu to retain power in the party leadership even after he retires from his leadership posts.
ただ、胡氏は自らに近い軍幹部２人を党大会前に軍事委副主席に昇格させたほか、政治局にも自派閥の人材を配置した。退任後も自らの影響力を党指導部に残すために打った布石に違いない。
This becomes even more clear considering that Hu's "scientific development concept," which aims to engineer balanced, sustainable development, was promoted to an official guiding socio-economic ideology at the congress, and is now enshrined in the party's charter.
調和のとれた持続可能な発展を目指す胡氏の「科学的発展観」が党大会で行動指針に格上げされ、党規約に盛り込まれたのもその証左である。
Also, the Politburo Standing Committee was reduced from nine members to seven. More than the desires of Xi, the line-up of the committee reflects a power struggle between Jiang and Hu.
政治局常務委員は従来の９人から７人に削減された。顔ぶれを見ると、習氏の意向より江氏と胡氏の派閥闘争を反映した人事だ。
===
Taming social problems urgent
Xi is scheduled to become president next spring and with that will attain China's leadership trifecta--party, state and military.
習氏は来春、国家主席に就任し、党、国家、軍の３権を掌握する。
The top priority of the Xi administration is likely to be easing the social strains that have been intensifying in the nation. China needs to get serious about dealing with expanding income and other disparities, corruption in high-ranking officials, and environmental destruction--all problems that have accompanied rapid economic growth.
習政権にとって最優先課題は、深刻化している社会のひずみの克服である。急成長に伴う格差の拡大や幹部の腐敗、環境破壊に、真摯(しんし)に対策を講じる必要がある。
The boycott against Japanese goods being staged in protest of Japan's nationalization of some of the Senkaku Islands in Okinawa Prefecture has impacted not only the Japanese economy but also Chinese businesses. The Xi administration should immediately exert self-restraint regarding coercive diplomatic tactics.
中国が尖閣諸島の国有化に反発して始めた日本製品不買運動は日本経済だけでなく、中国経済にも打撃を与えた。習政権は威圧外交を速やかに自制すべきだ。
How should the Japanese government grapple with China's policy of military and economic expansion? We believe a calm grasp of the situation is essential to consolidate strategy toward China.
日本政府は膨張中国と、どう向き合うのか。腰を据えて対中戦略を固めることが肝要である。
Through a multipronged approach via the East Asia Summit and other frameworks, Japan should step up its efforts to engage China to ensure it will fulfill the international responsibility that comes with national power.
東アジア首脳会議などの枠組みを重層的に利用し、中国が国力に見合った国際的責任を果たすよう働きかけを強めねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 16, 2012)
（2012年11月16日01時38分 読売新聞）
Japan needs sound strategy to deal with Xi administration
習近平体制発足 膨張中国と向き合う戦略築け（11月16日付・読売社説）
The Chinese Communist Party held the first plenary session of the 18th Central Committee on Thursday and made enormous changes to its leadership. The session marked the beginning of the Xi Jinping regime that will steer China through the next decade.
中国共産党の中央委員会総会が開かれ、指導部が大幅に交代した。今後１０年、中国のかじを取る習近平体制の始動だ。
Xi, the new party general secretary, held a press conference on the day. "Our responsibility is to unite and lead people of the entire party and of all ethnic groups around the country while...continuing to work for realizing the great revival of the Chinese nation in order to let the Chinese nation stand more firmly and powerfully among all nations around the world," he said.
総書記に選ばれた習近平国家副主席は記者会見で、「我々の責任は引き続き中華民族の偉大な復興のために努力奮闘し、中華民族を世界の民族の中でさらに力強く自立させることである」と語った。
In line with Xi's words, it seems evident that China will continue to advance along its path of reform and opening-up while maintaining a political system dominated by a single party. China will also seek to further expand its economic and military might, aiming at becoming a superpower on par with the United States. Its policy of expansion both militarily and economically will not change anytime soon.
その言葉通り、習政権は一党独裁を堅持しながら改革・開放を進め、米国と並ぶ超大国を目指して経済力と軍事力の一層の強大化を図るのだろう。軍事・経済の「膨張路線」は当面変わるまい。
===
Can Xi exercise leadership?
Xi, the son of a former vice premier, is known as the leader of the so-called princelings, the influential offspring of high-ranking party officials. However, with his elders still holding sway in the party, it remains unclear to what extent he can exercise his leadership.
元副首相を父に持つ習氏は、高級幹部の子女グループ「太子党」の代表だが、党長老の影響力が残る中、どこまで指導力を発揮できるかは不透明と言える。
Noteworthy in the latest leadership appointments is that Hu Jintao, who led China for 10 years during his two terms, not only vacated the general secretary post but also stepped down as chairman of the Central Military Commission, handing over both posts to Xi.
今回の人事で注目されるのは、これまで２期１０年、政権を率いてきた胡錦濤氏が総書記だけでなく軍を握る中央軍事委員会主席も退任して、習氏に譲ったことだ。
When Jiang Zemin stepped aside to make way for Hu as party leader, he remained military chief for nearly two more years. By giving up both posts, Hu likely is trying to end the dual-rule framework that has complicated decision-making by top leaders.
総書記退任後も２年近く軍事委主席にとどまった江沢民元総書記と異なる道を選ぶことで、胡氏には、最高指導部の意思決定を複雑化させてきた二元支配を終わらせる狙いがあるのだろう。
Yet, Hu appears to have retained influence by promoting senior military leaders close to him as vice chairmen of the commission before the party's National Congress. He also placed members of his faction in the Politburo. These actions point to a desire by Hu to retain power in the party leadership even after he retires from his leadership posts.
ただ、胡氏は自らに近い軍幹部２人を党大会前に軍事委副主席に昇格させたほか、政治局にも自派閥の人材を配置した。退任後も自らの影響力を党指導部に残すために打った布石に違いない。
This becomes even more clear considering that Hu's "scientific development concept," which aims to engineer balanced, sustainable development, was promoted to an official guiding socio-economic ideology at the congress, and is now enshrined in the party's charter.
調和のとれた持続可能な発展を目指す胡氏の「科学的発展観」が党大会で行動指針に格上げされ、党規約に盛り込まれたのもその証左である。
Also, the Politburo Standing Committee was reduced from nine members to seven. More than the desires of Xi, the line-up of the committee reflects a power struggle between Jiang and Hu.
政治局常務委員は従来の９人から７人に削減された。顔ぶれを見ると、習氏の意向より江氏と胡氏の派閥闘争を反映した人事だ。
===
Taming social problems urgent
Xi is scheduled to become president next spring and with that will attain China's leadership trifecta--party, state and military.
習氏は来春、国家主席に就任し、党、国家、軍の３権を掌握する。
The top priority of the Xi administration is likely to be easing the social strains that have been intensifying in the nation. China needs to get serious about dealing with expanding income and other disparities, corruption in high-ranking officials, and environmental destruction--all problems that have accompanied rapid economic growth.
習政権にとって最優先課題は、深刻化している社会のひずみの克服である。急成長に伴う格差の拡大や幹部の腐敗、環境破壊に、真摯(しんし)に対策を講じる必要がある。
The boycott against Japanese goods being staged in protest of Japan's nationalization of some of the Senkaku Islands in Okinawa Prefecture has impacted not only the Japanese economy but also Chinese businesses. The Xi administration should immediately exert self-restraint regarding coercive diplomatic tactics.
中国が尖閣諸島の国有化に反発して始めた日本製品不買運動は日本経済だけでなく、中国経済にも打撃を与えた。習政権は威圧外交を速やかに自制すべきだ。
How should the Japanese government grapple with China's policy of military and economic expansion? We believe a calm grasp of the situation is essential to consolidate strategy toward China.
日本政府は膨張中国と、どう向き合うのか。腰を据えて対中戦略を固めることが肝要である。
Through a multipronged approach via the East Asia Summit and other frameworks, Japan should step up its efforts to engage China to ensure it will fulfill the international responsibility that comes with national power.
東アジア首脳会議などの枠組みを重層的に利用し、中国が国力に見合った国際的責任を果たすよう働きかけを強めねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 16, 2012)
（2012年11月16日01時38分 読売新聞）
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The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 16, 2012)
Prime minister's gutsy decision deserves credit
衆院解散表明 首相の重い決断を支持する（11月15日付・読売社説）
◆「１票の格差」是正を先行せよ◆
Out of the blue, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda announced he will dissolve the House of Representatives. Amid simmering opposition to an early dissolution within his Democratic Party of Japan, Noda has put everything on the line in a bid to bring an end to the nation's political gridlock.
突然の衆院解散の表明だった。民主党内で早期解散への反対論が噴出する中、乾坤一擲(けんこんいってき)、中央突破を図ったのだろう。
During a Diet debate with Liberal Democratic Party President Shinzo Abe on Wednesday, Noda said he would dissolve the lower house Friday if the opposition promises to pass a bill to reduce the number of lower house seats during next year's ordinary Diet session.
野田首相が党首討論で自民党の安倍総裁に対し、衆院の定数削減を来年の通常国会で実現すると確約すれば、「１６日に衆院を解散する」と言明した。
Abe initially gave no clear response to Noda's offer. But after the debate and a meeting with senior LDP figures, Abe said, "We'll do our best to conclude the issue in the ordinary Diet session." This paved the way for the lower house to be dissolved Friday.
安倍氏は明言を避けたが、党首討論後、「通常国会で結論を得るべく全力を尽くす」と述べ、１６日の衆院解散が固まった。
The lower house election is now set for Dec. 16 with official campaigning to start Dec. 4.
衆院選は、１２月４日公示―１６日投票の日程で行われる予定だ。
===
Prevent further distrust
◆政治不信の増幅を回避◆
The public approval rating for Noda's Cabinet has been languishing for months, so the DPJ could suffer a crushing defeat in the election. However, we applaud the prime minister's sensible and weighty decision to dissolve the chamber for a general election.
内閣支持率が低迷しており、次期衆院選では、民主党の大敗も予想される。首相があえて解散・総選挙を断行することは、見識ある、重い決断と評価できる。
In August, Noda expressed his intention to dissolve the lower house "sometime soon." If he had let the year end without settling the dissolution issue, questions would have been raised over the credibility of his remarks. That could have fueled public distrust with politics.
８月に「近いうち」の解散を表明しながら、何もせずに年を越すようでは、首相発言の信頼性に疑問符が付き、国民の政治不信が一段と高まりかねない。
The prime minister apparently wanted to initiate the dissolution on his own terms, rather than having his hand forced. Noda also probably felt it was to his advantage to hold the election before Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and other smaller parties can unite and form a third major political force.
首相は、追い込まれる形でなく、主導権を持って解散を断行したい考えだった。日本維新の会など第３極の体制が整う前に、衆院選に臨む狙いもあろう。
Noda's decision drew howls of protest from DPJ members who oppose the dissolution and currently dominate the party. They fear the dissolution could lead to a political vacuum.
民主党内の大勢を占める解散反対論者は、「解散は政治空白を招く」などと主張する。
However, if Noda puts off tackling key policy issues and unnecessarily attempts to cling to power at a time when his administration is standing on shaky ground, the nation would end up confronting an even more serious political vacuum in both domestic and foreign affairs.
しかし、野田政権の基盤が弱体化した中で、重要な政策課題を先送りし、いたずらに延命を図る方が、内政、外交両面で、より深刻な政治空白をもたらす。
Some DPJ members who oppose Noda's decision are openly preparing to leave the party. Dissolving the lower house is a prerogative given to a prime minister. If DPJ members cannot accept their leader's decision, they have no choice but to walk away.
野田首相の解散方針に反発する民主党議員は公然と離党の動きを見せている。解散は首相の専権事項であり、首相の決断に従えない以上、離党はやむを得まい。
Among people who assumed that the lower house would be dissolved within the year, concern grew as time passed that stalling on the dissolution would cause delays in formulating next fiscal year's budget and its enactment.
年内解散を前提にすれば、解散日程が遅れるほど、来年度予算の編成や成立もずれ込むことが懸念されていた。
From the standpoint of staving off any negative impact on the economy that would inevitably arise if the budget were delayed, we consider Noda's setting the dissolution for Nov. 16--the earliest possible date--as reasonable.
景気への悪影響を抑える意味でも、最も早い「１６日解散」は悪くない選択と言える。
A new administration is certain to be launched by the end of this year. We want it to formulate the budget for the next fiscal year and deal with pressing issues, such as measures to shore up the nation's economy and revamp its diplomacy.
年内に発足する新政権が、来年度予算を編成し、景気対策や外交の立て直しなどの重要課題に取り組むことが望ましいからだ。
Irrespective of whether it was acceptable for Noda to push Abe to accept conditions for the dissolution during their debate--like forcing him to step on a cherished picture in a "fumie" allegiance test from long ago--we support the prime minister's exercise of his right to dissolve the chamber without flinching, even while his own party is torn over the issue.
党首討論の場で、野党に「踏み絵」を踏ませるかのように、解散条件の受け入れを迫る手法の是非はともかく、野田首相が党内の反対論にひるまず、解散権を行使することは支持したい。
===
Trust among 3 parties crucial
◆民自公の信頼が大切だ◆
The Diet likely will remain divided even after the upcoming election. Accordingly, it will be very significant if the DPJ, the LDP and the other main opposition party, New Komeito, can maintain a relationship of trust to some extent and build a cooperative framework.
衆院選後も、衆参のねじれ状況が続く可能性が高い以上、民主、自民、公明３党が一定の信頼関係を維持し、協力できる体制を構築しておく意義は小さくない。
Although there is not much time before the lower house is broken up, the ruling and opposition camps should work together to tidy up some urgent issues.
解散までの時間は限られているが、与野党は協力して、喫緊の課題を処理すべきだ。
The three parties have agreed to pass Friday a bill allowing the government to issue deficit-covering bonds. To avoid the depletion of state coffers, the parties must make sure the bill passes before the lower house is dissolved.
赤字国債の発行を可能にする特例公債法案は、民自公３党が１６日の成立で合意した。国庫が底をつかないよう、解散前に確実に成立させねばならない。
Another crucial task is narrowing the disparity in the value of votes between the House of Representatives' most- and least-populated districts, thus putting an end to the electoral system's "state of unconstitutionality."
衆院選の「１票の格差」を是正し、「違憲状態」の解消を図ることも不可欠である。
The DPJ should be blamed for not fulfilling its responsibility to seriously address the issue just because it wanted to postpone the dissolution.
解散を先送りする思惑から、この問題に真剣に取り組んでこなかった民主党の責任放棄の罪は大きい。
The party still insists on handling two issues--reducing single-seat constituencies by five and cutting the number of seats in the proportional representation system--as a set.
民主党は今なお、小選挙区の「０増５減」と比例定数削減の一体処理に固執している。
This posturing appears to be a DPJ attempt to show its resolve to cut the number of lower house seats--a stance that will go down well with voters because it shows Diet members are willing to sacrifice themselves to save money before the consumption tax rate is increased. However, there is not enough time for the Diet to reach a consensus on this issue before the dissolution.
「消費税率引き上げ前に国会議員が自ら身を切る」ため、有権者受けのする定数削減に積極的な姿勢を示すポーズだろうが、解散前に結論を出すのは明らかに時間的に無理がある。
To rectify the electoral system's unconstitutional state, the lower house should first pass a bill to reduce single-seat constituencies by five, and then rezone constituencies before holding a general election under the new system. This whole process, however, would take several months.
「違憲状態」の解消には本来、「０増５減」の法案成立後、小選挙区の区割り作業を経て、新しい選挙区で衆院選を行う必要があるが、それには数か月を要する。
A more realistic option would be for the lower house to pass the bill before its dissolution and cut the number of seats in the proportional representation bloc and make other reforms during next year's ordinary Diet session. This is the minimum responsibility it should fulfill.
解散前に、まず「０増５減」の法案を成立させる。定数削減やその他の制度改革は来年の通常国会で実現する。これが現実的であり、衆院の最低限の責務だろう。
If a general election was held without passing the electoral reform bill, judicial authorities might rule the election was unconstitutional and therefore invalid. Lawmakers must ensure this does not happen.
「０増５減」さえ見送ったまま衆院選を行った場合、「違憲」として、選挙無効とする司法判断が出かねない。そうした事態は回避しなければならない。
===
TPP, N-power should be debated
◆ＴＰＰや原発で論争を◆
The upcoming election will be a public evaluation of the DPJ's three-plus years in power. Another intriguing element will be whether the political system dominated by the DPJ and the LDP remains entrenched--even though they have become entangled in indecisive politics under the divided Diet--or an emerging third force will gain enough seats to seriously challenge this order.
衆院選では、３年余の民主党政権の評価が問われる。衆参ねじれ国会の下、「決められない政治」が続いたが、民主、自民の２大政党が引き続き主導するのか、あるいは、第３極が勢力を大きく伸ばすのかも焦点となろう。
On the policy front, Noda will propose Japan participate in negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership multinational free trade framework, aiming to make the TPP a major campaign issue. The LDP and other parties should not leave any doubt about their positions on this issue.
政策面では、野田首相は、環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）交渉参加を掲げ、争点化する意向だ。自民党など他党も、あいまいな態度では済まされない。
We urge all parties to make campaign pledges that clarify their stances on the integrated reform of the social security and tax systems, nuclear power and energy policies, as well as diplomatic and security policies.
社会保障と税の一体改革や、原発・エネルギー、外交・安全保障政策についても、各政党は政権公約（マニフェスト）を通じて、立場を明確にしてもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 15, 2012)
（2012年11月15日01時38分 読売新聞）
Prime minister's gutsy decision deserves credit
衆院解散表明 首相の重い決断を支持する（11月15日付・読売社説）
◆「１票の格差」是正を先行せよ◆
Out of the blue, Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda announced he will dissolve the House of Representatives. Amid simmering opposition to an early dissolution within his Democratic Party of Japan, Noda has put everything on the line in a bid to bring an end to the nation's political gridlock.
突然の衆院解散の表明だった。民主党内で早期解散への反対論が噴出する中、乾坤一擲(けんこんいってき)、中央突破を図ったのだろう。
During a Diet debate with Liberal Democratic Party President Shinzo Abe on Wednesday, Noda said he would dissolve the lower house Friday if the opposition promises to pass a bill to reduce the number of lower house seats during next year's ordinary Diet session.
野田首相が党首討論で自民党の安倍総裁に対し、衆院の定数削減を来年の通常国会で実現すると確約すれば、「１６日に衆院を解散する」と言明した。
Abe initially gave no clear response to Noda's offer. But after the debate and a meeting with senior LDP figures, Abe said, "We'll do our best to conclude the issue in the ordinary Diet session." This paved the way for the lower house to be dissolved Friday.
安倍氏は明言を避けたが、党首討論後、「通常国会で結論を得るべく全力を尽くす」と述べ、１６日の衆院解散が固まった。
The lower house election is now set for Dec. 16 with official campaigning to start Dec. 4.
衆院選は、１２月４日公示―１６日投票の日程で行われる予定だ。
===
Prevent further distrust
◆政治不信の増幅を回避◆
The public approval rating for Noda's Cabinet has been languishing for months, so the DPJ could suffer a crushing defeat in the election. However, we applaud the prime minister's sensible and weighty decision to dissolve the chamber for a general election.
内閣支持率が低迷しており、次期衆院選では、民主党の大敗も予想される。首相があえて解散・総選挙を断行することは、見識ある、重い決断と評価できる。
In August, Noda expressed his intention to dissolve the lower house "sometime soon." If he had let the year end without settling the dissolution issue, questions would have been raised over the credibility of his remarks. That could have fueled public distrust with politics.
８月に「近いうち」の解散を表明しながら、何もせずに年を越すようでは、首相発言の信頼性に疑問符が付き、国民の政治不信が一段と高まりかねない。
The prime minister apparently wanted to initiate the dissolution on his own terms, rather than having his hand forced. Noda also probably felt it was to his advantage to hold the election before Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and other smaller parties can unite and form a third major political force.
首相は、追い込まれる形でなく、主導権を持って解散を断行したい考えだった。日本維新の会など第３極の体制が整う前に、衆院選に臨む狙いもあろう。
Noda's decision drew howls of protest from DPJ members who oppose the dissolution and currently dominate the party. They fear the dissolution could lead to a political vacuum.
民主党内の大勢を占める解散反対論者は、「解散は政治空白を招く」などと主張する。
However, if Noda puts off tackling key policy issues and unnecessarily attempts to cling to power at a time when his administration is standing on shaky ground, the nation would end up confronting an even more serious political vacuum in both domestic and foreign affairs.
しかし、野田政権の基盤が弱体化した中で、重要な政策課題を先送りし、いたずらに延命を図る方が、内政、外交両面で、より深刻な政治空白をもたらす。
Some DPJ members who oppose Noda's decision are openly preparing to leave the party. Dissolving the lower house is a prerogative given to a prime minister. If DPJ members cannot accept their leader's decision, they have no choice but to walk away.
野田首相の解散方針に反発する民主党議員は公然と離党の動きを見せている。解散は首相の専権事項であり、首相の決断に従えない以上、離党はやむを得まい。
Among people who assumed that the lower house would be dissolved within the year, concern grew as time passed that stalling on the dissolution would cause delays in formulating next fiscal year's budget and its enactment.
年内解散を前提にすれば、解散日程が遅れるほど、来年度予算の編成や成立もずれ込むことが懸念されていた。
From the standpoint of staving off any negative impact on the economy that would inevitably arise if the budget were delayed, we consider Noda's setting the dissolution for Nov. 16--the earliest possible date--as reasonable.
景気への悪影響を抑える意味でも、最も早い「１６日解散」は悪くない選択と言える。
A new administration is certain to be launched by the end of this year. We want it to formulate the budget for the next fiscal year and deal with pressing issues, such as measures to shore up the nation's economy and revamp its diplomacy.
年内に発足する新政権が、来年度予算を編成し、景気対策や外交の立て直しなどの重要課題に取り組むことが望ましいからだ。
Irrespective of whether it was acceptable for Noda to push Abe to accept conditions for the dissolution during their debate--like forcing him to step on a cherished picture in a "fumie" allegiance test from long ago--we support the prime minister's exercise of his right to dissolve the chamber without flinching, even while his own party is torn over the issue.
党首討論の場で、野党に「踏み絵」を踏ませるかのように、解散条件の受け入れを迫る手法の是非はともかく、野田首相が党内の反対論にひるまず、解散権を行使することは支持したい。
===
Trust among 3 parties crucial
◆民自公の信頼が大切だ◆
The Diet likely will remain divided even after the upcoming election. Accordingly, it will be very significant if the DPJ, the LDP and the other main opposition party, New Komeito, can maintain a relationship of trust to some extent and build a cooperative framework.
衆院選後も、衆参のねじれ状況が続く可能性が高い以上、民主、自民、公明３党が一定の信頼関係を維持し、協力できる体制を構築しておく意義は小さくない。
Although there is not much time before the lower house is broken up, the ruling and opposition camps should work together to tidy up some urgent issues.
解散までの時間は限られているが、与野党は協力して、喫緊の課題を処理すべきだ。
The three parties have agreed to pass Friday a bill allowing the government to issue deficit-covering bonds. To avoid the depletion of state coffers, the parties must make sure the bill passes before the lower house is dissolved.
赤字国債の発行を可能にする特例公債法案は、民自公３党が１６日の成立で合意した。国庫が底をつかないよう、解散前に確実に成立させねばならない。
Another crucial task is narrowing the disparity in the value of votes between the House of Representatives' most- and least-populated districts, thus putting an end to the electoral system's "state of unconstitutionality."
衆院選の「１票の格差」を是正し、「違憲状態」の解消を図ることも不可欠である。
The DPJ should be blamed for not fulfilling its responsibility to seriously address the issue just because it wanted to postpone the dissolution.
解散を先送りする思惑から、この問題に真剣に取り組んでこなかった民主党の責任放棄の罪は大きい。
The party still insists on handling two issues--reducing single-seat constituencies by five and cutting the number of seats in the proportional representation system--as a set.
民主党は今なお、小選挙区の「０増５減」と比例定数削減の一体処理に固執している。
This posturing appears to be a DPJ attempt to show its resolve to cut the number of lower house seats--a stance that will go down well with voters because it shows Diet members are willing to sacrifice themselves to save money before the consumption tax rate is increased. However, there is not enough time for the Diet to reach a consensus on this issue before the dissolution.
「消費税率引き上げ前に国会議員が自ら身を切る」ため、有権者受けのする定数削減に積極的な姿勢を示すポーズだろうが、解散前に結論を出すのは明らかに時間的に無理がある。
To rectify the electoral system's unconstitutional state, the lower house should first pass a bill to reduce single-seat constituencies by five, and then rezone constituencies before holding a general election under the new system. This whole process, however, would take several months.
「違憲状態」の解消には本来、「０増５減」の法案成立後、小選挙区の区割り作業を経て、新しい選挙区で衆院選を行う必要があるが、それには数か月を要する。
A more realistic option would be for the lower house to pass the bill before its dissolution and cut the number of seats in the proportional representation bloc and make other reforms during next year's ordinary Diet session. This is the minimum responsibility it should fulfill.
解散前に、まず「０増５減」の法案を成立させる。定数削減やその他の制度改革は来年の通常国会で実現する。これが現実的であり、衆院の最低限の責務だろう。
If a general election was held without passing the electoral reform bill, judicial authorities might rule the election was unconstitutional and therefore invalid. Lawmakers must ensure this does not happen.
「０増５減」さえ見送ったまま衆院選を行った場合、「違憲」として、選挙無効とする司法判断が出かねない。そうした事態は回避しなければならない。
===
TPP, N-power should be debated
◆ＴＰＰや原発で論争を◆
The upcoming election will be a public evaluation of the DPJ's three-plus years in power. Another intriguing element will be whether the political system dominated by the DPJ and the LDP remains entrenched--even though they have become entangled in indecisive politics under the divided Diet--or an emerging third force will gain enough seats to seriously challenge this order.
衆院選では、３年余の民主党政権の評価が問われる。衆参ねじれ国会の下、「決められない政治」が続いたが、民主、自民の２大政党が引き続き主導するのか、あるいは、第３極が勢力を大きく伸ばすのかも焦点となろう。
On the policy front, Noda will propose Japan participate in negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership multinational free trade framework, aiming to make the TPP a major campaign issue. The LDP and other parties should not leave any doubt about their positions on this issue.
政策面では、野田首相は、環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）交渉参加を掲げ、争点化する意向だ。自民党など他党も、あいまいな態度では済まされない。
We urge all parties to make campaign pledges that clarify their stances on the integrated reform of the social security and tax systems, nuclear power and energy policies, as well as diplomatic and security policies.
社会保障と税の一体改革や、原発・エネルギー、外交・安全保障政策についても、各政党は政権公約（マニフェスト）を通じて、立場を明確にしてもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 15, 2012)
（2012年11月15日01時38分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 15, 2012)
All-out efforts needed to reverse business slowdown
ＧＤＰマイナス 景気の失速回避に全力あげよ（11月14日付・読売社説）
The fall in the nation's gross domestic product for the July-September quarter should be considered a sign of business slowdown. The nation faces a crucial moment of determining whether the economy will be able to avoid weakening even further.
景気後退のサインとみるべきだ。日本経済の失速を回避できるかどうかの正念場である。
The real-term GDP for the July-September period dropped 0.9 percent from the previous quarter, marking the first negative growth in three quarters. The slide translated into an annualized 3.5 percent decline. Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda expressed a sense of crisis, saying, "It's a dismal figure."
今年７～９月期の実質国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）は前期比０・９％減と、３四半期ぶりのマイナス成長となった。年率に換算すると３・５％減で、野田首相は「厳しい数字だ」と危機感を示した。
This contraction is attributable to two chief factors: the drop in foreign demand caused by the slowdown of foreign economies; and a fall in personal consumption and investment in plants and equipment that together account for core domestic demand. A boost in public investment for rebuilding from last year's earthquake and tsunami disaster stopped short of making up for the overall decline.
海外経済の減速に伴う外需の落ち込みに加え、個人消費と設備投資という内需の二本柱がそろって減少したことが主因だ。復興需要による公共投資の増加では、マイナスを補いきれなかった。
Domestic automobile sales have slackened due to the end of government subsidies for eco-friendly car purchases, and sales of household electrical appliances such as flat-screen TVs have remained sluggish. Increased uncertainty over corporate performance also has restrained corporate investment in plants and equipment.
消費は、エコカー補助金の終了で自動車販売が苦戦し、薄型テレビなど家電の不振も続いている。企業業績の不透明感が強まり、設備投資が控えられた。
===
Inaccurate recovery scenario
The government and the Bank of Japan sketched out a scenario in which they would wait for foreign economies to recover while sustaining demand at home through reconstruction projects in the hope that this would eventually lead to full-scale growth.
政府・日銀は、復興需要で内需を支えながら海外経済の回復を待ち、本格的な成長につなげるシナリオを描いていたが、
However, as the slowdown in domestic demand has come earlier than they expected, their scenario is not playing out as they imagined. They must increase their vigilance and make all-out efforts to sustain the economy.
早すぎた内需減速で目算は外れつつある。警戒を強め、景気の下支えに万全を期さねばならない。
Of major concern is that there seems to be slim hope of an early recovery in foreign economies.
懸念されるのは、海外経済の早期回復が望み薄なことだ。
Europe has fallen into a negative growth phase. The United States, meanwhile, is heading for a "fiscal cliff" from year-end to early next year that involves an end to various tax breaks including last year's temporary payroll tax cuts, thereby threatening to deal another blow to the global economy.
欧州はマイナス成長に陥っている。米国も年末から来年にかけて減税打ち切りなど「財政の崖」が控えており、世界経済に打撃を与える恐れがある。
Also of major concern is a sharp drop in Japan's exports to China due to a slowdown in the Chinese economy and strained bilateral relations over the Senkaku Islands.
中国経済の減速と尖閣諸島問題を巡る日中関係の悪化を受け、中国向け輸出が急減していることも大きな不安材料といえよう。
A government-planned small-scale emergency economic package using reserve funds is not strong enough to cope with such adverse conditions. The government must compile a supplementary budget as soon as possible and put together a full-fledged stimulus package.
こうした逆風に対して、予備費を使った小粒の緊急経済対策では力不足が否めない。政府は補正予算を早期に編成し、本格的な景気対策を打ち出すべきだ。
However, as fiscal conditions remain strict, it is necessary to allocate budgets on a priority basis to public works projects that will have the greatest economic impact.
ただし財政事情は厳しい。効果の高い公共事業などに、予算を重点配分する必要がある。
===
Use private sector as spur
The development and successful commercialization of private-sector innovation is the biggest driving force for economic growth. Future business opportunities can be expected in such growth industries as environment-related businesses and medical services.
経済成長は、民間の創意で「売れる商品」を開発し、普及させていくことが最大の推進力となる。特に、環境関連や医療などの成長分野は今後、ビジネスチャンスの拡大が期待される。
We hope such moves will receive sufficient support for research and development projects through an investment tax credit and easing regulations that are hampering new business ventures. Adequate measures must be carefully devised after listening to the private sector's needs.
投資減税による研究開発への支援や、新事業の障害となる規制の緩和などで後押ししたい。民間の要望に耳を傾け、的確な施策を厳選することが重要となる。
To make the most of the private sector's vigor, the domestic business environment must be improved first and foremost.
民間活力を最大限に引き出すためには、国内の事業環境を改善させることも急務だろう。
Concrete measures to achieve this include correcting the strength of the record-high yen; lowering the corporate tax rate, which is high compared to international standards; and restarting idled nuclear reactors to avert a possible power shortage.
具体的には、歴史的な超円高の是正や国際的に高い法人税率の引き下げ、原子力発電所の再稼働による電力不足の解消などだ。
Not least of all, the political situation must be stabilized to help shore up economic growth.
政治の安定を図り、日本の成長をテコ入れしなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 14, 2012)
（2012年11月14日01時20分 読売新聞）
All-out efforts needed to reverse business slowdown
ＧＤＰマイナス 景気の失速回避に全力あげよ（11月14日付・読売社説）
The fall in the nation's gross domestic product for the July-September quarter should be considered a sign of business slowdown. The nation faces a crucial moment of determining whether the economy will be able to avoid weakening even further.
景気後退のサインとみるべきだ。日本経済の失速を回避できるかどうかの正念場である。
The real-term GDP for the July-September period dropped 0.9 percent from the previous quarter, marking the first negative growth in three quarters. The slide translated into an annualized 3.5 percent decline. Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda expressed a sense of crisis, saying, "It's a dismal figure."
今年７～９月期の実質国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）は前期比０・９％減と、３四半期ぶりのマイナス成長となった。年率に換算すると３・５％減で、野田首相は「厳しい数字だ」と危機感を示した。
This contraction is attributable to two chief factors: the drop in foreign demand caused by the slowdown of foreign economies; and a fall in personal consumption and investment in plants and equipment that together account for core domestic demand. A boost in public investment for rebuilding from last year's earthquake and tsunami disaster stopped short of making up for the overall decline.
海外経済の減速に伴う外需の落ち込みに加え、個人消費と設備投資という内需の二本柱がそろって減少したことが主因だ。復興需要による公共投資の増加では、マイナスを補いきれなかった。
Domestic automobile sales have slackened due to the end of government subsidies for eco-friendly car purchases, and sales of household electrical appliances such as flat-screen TVs have remained sluggish. Increased uncertainty over corporate performance also has restrained corporate investment in plants and equipment.
消費は、エコカー補助金の終了で自動車販売が苦戦し、薄型テレビなど家電の不振も続いている。企業業績の不透明感が強まり、設備投資が控えられた。
===
Inaccurate recovery scenario
The government and the Bank of Japan sketched out a scenario in which they would wait for foreign economies to recover while sustaining demand at home through reconstruction projects in the hope that this would eventually lead to full-scale growth.
政府・日銀は、復興需要で内需を支えながら海外経済の回復を待ち、本格的な成長につなげるシナリオを描いていたが、
However, as the slowdown in domestic demand has come earlier than they expected, their scenario is not playing out as they imagined. They must increase their vigilance and make all-out efforts to sustain the economy.
早すぎた内需減速で目算は外れつつある。警戒を強め、景気の下支えに万全を期さねばならない。
Of major concern is that there seems to be slim hope of an early recovery in foreign economies.
懸念されるのは、海外経済の早期回復が望み薄なことだ。
Europe has fallen into a negative growth phase. The United States, meanwhile, is heading for a "fiscal cliff" from year-end to early next year that involves an end to various tax breaks including last year's temporary payroll tax cuts, thereby threatening to deal another blow to the global economy.
欧州はマイナス成長に陥っている。米国も年末から来年にかけて減税打ち切りなど「財政の崖」が控えており、世界経済に打撃を与える恐れがある。
Also of major concern is a sharp drop in Japan's exports to China due to a slowdown in the Chinese economy and strained bilateral relations over the Senkaku Islands.
中国経済の減速と尖閣諸島問題を巡る日中関係の悪化を受け、中国向け輸出が急減していることも大きな不安材料といえよう。
A government-planned small-scale emergency economic package using reserve funds is not strong enough to cope with such adverse conditions. The government must compile a supplementary budget as soon as possible and put together a full-fledged stimulus package.
こうした逆風に対して、予備費を使った小粒の緊急経済対策では力不足が否めない。政府は補正予算を早期に編成し、本格的な景気対策を打ち出すべきだ。
However, as fiscal conditions remain strict, it is necessary to allocate budgets on a priority basis to public works projects that will have the greatest economic impact.
ただし財政事情は厳しい。効果の高い公共事業などに、予算を重点配分する必要がある。
===
Use private sector as spur
The development and successful commercialization of private-sector innovation is the biggest driving force for economic growth. Future business opportunities can be expected in such growth industries as environment-related businesses and medical services.
経済成長は、民間の創意で「売れる商品」を開発し、普及させていくことが最大の推進力となる。特に、環境関連や医療などの成長分野は今後、ビジネスチャンスの拡大が期待される。
We hope such moves will receive sufficient support for research and development projects through an investment tax credit and easing regulations that are hampering new business ventures. Adequate measures must be carefully devised after listening to the private sector's needs.
投資減税による研究開発への支援や、新事業の障害となる規制の緩和などで後押ししたい。民間の要望に耳を傾け、的確な施策を厳選することが重要となる。
To make the most of the private sector's vigor, the domestic business environment must be improved first and foremost.
民間活力を最大限に引き出すためには、国内の事業環境を改善させることも急務だろう。
Concrete measures to achieve this include correcting the strength of the record-high yen; lowering the corporate tax rate, which is high compared to international standards; and restarting idled nuclear reactors to avert a possible power shortage.
具体的には、歴史的な超円高の是正や国際的に高い法人税率の引き下げ、原子力発電所の再稼働による電力不足の解消などだ。
Not least of all, the political situation must be stabilized to help shore up economic growth.
政治の安定を図り、日本の成長をテコ入れしなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 14, 2012)
（2012年11月14日01時20分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 14, 2012)
Noda should hoist flag of TPP participation
「ＴＰＰ解散」 首相は交渉参加の旗を掲げよ（11月13日付・読売社説）
It is vital that Japan promote free trade and boost its economic growth. Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda should decide that the nation will join negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership multilateral trade framework.
自由貿易を推進し、日本の成長に弾みをつけることが重要だ。野田首相は環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）への交渉参加を決断すべきである。
At the House of Representatives Budget Committee, the prime minister again indicated that joining talks on the U.S.-led TPP would be among the Democratic Party of Japan's policy pledges for the next lower house election. He said discussions on the matter would be held within the party.
首相が衆院予算委員会で、米国が主導しているＴＰＰについて、民主党の次期衆院選政権公約（マニフェスト）に盛り込む考えを改めて示し、「党内で議論を進めていく」と述べた。
A year has passed since Noda announced Japan would enter talks with nations concerned with an eye to eventually taking a seat at TPP negotiations. It is problematic that he has kept delaying a decision on TPP participation and failed to take necessary steps for joining the trade pact, such as strengthening the international competitiveness of the agriculture sector to brace it for further market liberalization.
首相が「ＴＰＰ交渉参加に向けて関係国との協議に入る」と表明してから１年が過ぎた。一段の市場開放に備えた農業の国際競争力強化策などの環境整備もしないまま、参加の決断を先送りしてきたのは問題である。
Now, more than ever, it would be significant to clearly show a resolve to accelerate Japan's economic growth by harnessing the dynamism of other parts of Asia through joining the TPP.
ただ、ここに来て、ＴＰＰ参加によってアジアの活力を取り込み、日本の成長加速を目指す姿勢を鮮明にする意味は大きい。
===
Key election issue
The TPP issue will be a hot topic in the lower house election likely to take place at the year-end or early next year. Detailed discussions should be held on the issue.
年末から年始の可能性がある次期衆院選はＴＰＰが争点となろう。活発な論議が求められる。
Some DPJ members remain firmly opposed to signing on to the TPP. Maneuvering to block Noda from dissolving the lower house after making the TPP a key campaign issue has become increasingly active.
民主党内には依然、反対論が強く、首相の「ＴＰＰ解散」を阻止する動きも活発化している。
However, nothing will be initiated unless Japan sits at the negotiation table. We hope Noda will not wilt in the face of this opposition and exerts strong leadership.
だが、まずは交渉のテーブルに着かないと物事は始まらない。首相は腰砕けにならず、指導力を発揮してもらいたい。
The Liberal Democratic Party, on the other hand, maintains a cautious stance. It opposes TPP participation if it is premised on eliminating all tariffs.
一方、自民党は「関税撤廃を前提としたＴＰＰ参加に反対」という慎重な構えを崩していない。
But if the LDP is serious about regaining power, it will need to map out concrete steps regarding how Japan as a trading nation can expand trade and invigorate its economy.
しかし、自民党が政権奪還を目指すなら、通商国家・日本がいかに貿易を拡大し、経済を活性化させるか、具体的な道筋を示すことが不可欠である。
Some LDP members support TPP participation. The party should hold exhaustive discussions and hammer out a convincing policy course.
自民党内には、ＴＰＰ参加への賛成論も少なくない。党内論議を尽くし、説得力のある政策を打ち出さねばならない。
===
A security issue, too
Of concern to us is that Japan could be left completely behind while it dithers over making a decision.
懸念されるのは、日本が決断をもたついている間に、出遅れが決定的になる事態である。
It already has been decided that Canada and Mexico would join TPP negotiations. As U.S. President Barack Obama, a vocal advocate of the TPP, has recently been reelected, negotiations involving 11 nations will likely accelerate through next year.
すでにカナダとメキシコの参加が決まり、ＴＰＰを推進してきたオバマ米大統領が再選された結果、来年にかけて、１１か国の交渉は加速する可能性が大きい。
Under the current circumstances, negotiations could proceed without Japan's participation on issues including the elimination or lowering of tariffs and formulation of trade and investment rules. The fate of Japan's national interests will hinge on whether the nation is engaged in these rule-making processes and can reflect its opinions.
このままでは関税撤廃・引き下げや貿易・投資ルール作りを巡り、日本抜きで交渉が進みかねない。日本がルール作りなどに関与し、意見を反映できるかどうかで、国益が左右されるだろう。
Participation in the TPP is also important in terms of national security. It will lead to stronger Japan-U.S. relations, and also could help restrain the behavior of China, with which the nation has been at odds over the Senkaku Islands.
ＴＰＰ参加は安全保障上も重要だ。日米関係の強化につながり、尖閣諸島を巡って対立する中国への牽制(けんせい)効果も期待できる。
In parallel with the TPP, Japan should strive to seal a free trade agreement with China and South Korea and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia, among others. It is time to pursue wise, robust trade strategies.
ＴＰＰとともに、日中韓自由貿易協定（ＦＴＡ）や東アジア包括的経済連携（ＲＣＥＰ）などにも並行的に取り組み、したたかな戦略を推進する必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 13, 2012)
（2012年11月13日01時32分 読売新聞）
Noda should hoist flag of TPP participation
「ＴＰＰ解散」 首相は交渉参加の旗を掲げよ（11月13日付・読売社説）
It is vital that Japan promote free trade and boost its economic growth. Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda should decide that the nation will join negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership multilateral trade framework.
自由貿易を推進し、日本の成長に弾みをつけることが重要だ。野田首相は環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）への交渉参加を決断すべきである。
At the House of Representatives Budget Committee, the prime minister again indicated that joining talks on the U.S.-led TPP would be among the Democratic Party of Japan's policy pledges for the next lower house election. He said discussions on the matter would be held within the party.
首相が衆院予算委員会で、米国が主導しているＴＰＰについて、民主党の次期衆院選政権公約（マニフェスト）に盛り込む考えを改めて示し、「党内で議論を進めていく」と述べた。
A year has passed since Noda announced Japan would enter talks with nations concerned with an eye to eventually taking a seat at TPP negotiations. It is problematic that he has kept delaying a decision on TPP participation and failed to take necessary steps for joining the trade pact, such as strengthening the international competitiveness of the agriculture sector to brace it for further market liberalization.
首相が「ＴＰＰ交渉参加に向けて関係国との協議に入る」と表明してから１年が過ぎた。一段の市場開放に備えた農業の国際競争力強化策などの環境整備もしないまま、参加の決断を先送りしてきたのは問題である。
Now, more than ever, it would be significant to clearly show a resolve to accelerate Japan's economic growth by harnessing the dynamism of other parts of Asia through joining the TPP.
ただ、ここに来て、ＴＰＰ参加によってアジアの活力を取り込み、日本の成長加速を目指す姿勢を鮮明にする意味は大きい。
===
Key election issue
The TPP issue will be a hot topic in the lower house election likely to take place at the year-end or early next year. Detailed discussions should be held on the issue.
年末から年始の可能性がある次期衆院選はＴＰＰが争点となろう。活発な論議が求められる。
Some DPJ members remain firmly opposed to signing on to the TPP. Maneuvering to block Noda from dissolving the lower house after making the TPP a key campaign issue has become increasingly active.
民主党内には依然、反対論が強く、首相の「ＴＰＰ解散」を阻止する動きも活発化している。
However, nothing will be initiated unless Japan sits at the negotiation table. We hope Noda will not wilt in the face of this opposition and exerts strong leadership.
だが、まずは交渉のテーブルに着かないと物事は始まらない。首相は腰砕けにならず、指導力を発揮してもらいたい。
The Liberal Democratic Party, on the other hand, maintains a cautious stance. It opposes TPP participation if it is premised on eliminating all tariffs.
一方、自民党は「関税撤廃を前提としたＴＰＰ参加に反対」という慎重な構えを崩していない。
But if the LDP is serious about regaining power, it will need to map out concrete steps regarding how Japan as a trading nation can expand trade and invigorate its economy.
しかし、自民党が政権奪還を目指すなら、通商国家・日本がいかに貿易を拡大し、経済を活性化させるか、具体的な道筋を示すことが不可欠である。
Some LDP members support TPP participation. The party should hold exhaustive discussions and hammer out a convincing policy course.
自民党内には、ＴＰＰ参加への賛成論も少なくない。党内論議を尽くし、説得力のある政策を打ち出さねばならない。
===
A security issue, too
Of concern to us is that Japan could be left completely behind while it dithers over making a decision.
懸念されるのは、日本が決断をもたついている間に、出遅れが決定的になる事態である。
It already has been decided that Canada and Mexico would join TPP negotiations. As U.S. President Barack Obama, a vocal advocate of the TPP, has recently been reelected, negotiations involving 11 nations will likely accelerate through next year.
すでにカナダとメキシコの参加が決まり、ＴＰＰを推進してきたオバマ米大統領が再選された結果、来年にかけて、１１か国の交渉は加速する可能性が大きい。
Under the current circumstances, negotiations could proceed without Japan's participation on issues including the elimination or lowering of tariffs and formulation of trade and investment rules. The fate of Japan's national interests will hinge on whether the nation is engaged in these rule-making processes and can reflect its opinions.
このままでは関税撤廃・引き下げや貿易・投資ルール作りを巡り、日本抜きで交渉が進みかねない。日本がルール作りなどに関与し、意見を反映できるかどうかで、国益が左右されるだろう。
Participation in the TPP is also important in terms of national security. It will lead to stronger Japan-U.S. relations, and also could help restrain the behavior of China, with which the nation has been at odds over the Senkaku Islands.
ＴＰＰ参加は安全保障上も重要だ。日米関係の強化につながり、尖閣諸島を巡って対立する中国への牽制(けんせい)効果も期待できる。
In parallel with the TPP, Japan should strive to seal a free trade agreement with China and South Korea and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership in East Asia, among others. It is time to pursue wise, robust trade strategies.
ＴＰＰとともに、日中韓自由貿易協定（ＦＴＡ）や東アジア包括的経済連携（ＲＣＥＰ）などにも並行的に取り組み、したたかな戦略を推進する必要がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 13, 2012)
（2012年11月13日01時32分 読売新聞）
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快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
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[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
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Slow and steady wins the race.
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（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
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