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The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 13, 2012)
Local govts need bigger ax to slash personnel costs
地方公務員給与 自治体はもっと削減努力を（11月11日付・読売社説）
Slashing personnel costs is a crucial task for local governments and from the viewpoint of rebuilding the central government's finances. It is essential that local governments redouble their efforts to cut expenditures.
地方の人件費圧縮は、国の財政再建にも重要な課題だ。
自治体の削減努力が求められる。
With preparations for compiling a state budget for fiscal 2013 under way, the Finance Ministry announced provisional calculations regarding salary levels of local government employees.
２０１３年度予算の編成に向け、財務省が地方公務員の給与水準に関する試算を発表した。
The Laspeyres index--an indicator that compares local government employees' salaries against a base of 100 for salaries of central government workers--stood at 106.9 for fiscal 2012, marking a reversal for the first time in nine years, according to the estimates.
国家公務員を１００としたときの地方公務員の給与水準を示すラスパイレス指数が、１２年度は１０６・９となり、９年ぶりに国と地方の給与が逆転した。
Salaries in more than 80 percent of about 1,800 local entities across Japan exceeded the pay pocketed by central government employees.
全国約１８００自治体の８割以上が国より高水準だった。
This seems partly due to the fact that the central government decided to cut its employees' salaries for two years from fiscal 2012 to raise funds for budgetary appropriations for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake.
東日本大震災の復興予算を捻出するため、国家公務員の給与を１２年度から２年間、引き下げた措置が影響しているのだろう。
Salaries of local government employees are stipulated by ordinances, mainly after consultations between municipalities and trade unions of their workers. The central government has no say in pay scale decisions by local governments.
地方公務員の給与は労組との協議などを経て、自治体が条例で決める。国に決定権はない。
===
Averse to pay cuts
However, local government employees' salaries are paid from local tax grants allocated by the central government, in addition to local tax revenues.
ただ、その財源となるのは、地方税などに加え、国から配分される地方交付税交付金だ。
These tax grants, which are designed to help local governments make up for budget deficits, have reached more than 17 trillion yen a year. The central government funds these grants by incurring debts. Providing cash for local tax grants has been a major cause of the central government's fiscal crunch, along with fast-ballooning social security costs.
地方の財源不足を補う１７兆円超の交付税は国が借金しながら支えており、社会保障費と並んで国家財政を圧迫する要因となっている。
Personnel costs account for about one-fourth of the more than 80 trillion yen in total expenses of local governments throughout Japan. Curtailing employees' salaries is essential for turning around the finances of chronically debt-ridden local governments.
地方全体の歳出８０兆円超のうち給与が４分の１を占める。公務員給与の削減は、借金体質が続く地方財政の改革に不可欠だ。
Kyoto Gov. Keiji Yamada, who chairs the Association of Prefectural Governors, has bristled at the Finance Ministry's suggestion that local government workers' salaries must be cut. He said the central government "should recognize the efforts being made by local governments" to reel in budget deficits.
財務省の指摘に対し、全国知事会長の山田啓二京都府知事は「地方の努力を評価してもらわないと困る」と反発し、
Internal Affairs and Communications Minister Shinji Tarutoko also joined the chorus of criticism, saying the Finance Ministry was "making figures arbitrarily, apparently with the aim of misleading public opinion. This is extremely inappropriate."
樽床総務相も「勝手に数字を出して世論をミスリードするのは甚だ不適切だ」と不快感を表明している。
The way salaries of local government employees are determined is baffling for several reasons.
しかし、地方公務員給与の現状をみれば、首をかしげたくなるような面も少なくない。
Salary levels for a local government are decided, in principle, after checking salaries of other local entities and the central government, as well as salary trends in the private sector.
給与水準は国や他の自治体、民間の動向を踏まえて決定することになっている。
===
Fringe benefits too generous
According to the Finance Ministry, workers at local governments in every prefecture earned larger pay packets than the average monthly pay of private business employees. Local government monthly salaries were more than 100,000 yen higher than company employees' salaries in Aomori, Akita and Ehime prefectures, the ministry noted.
だが、財務省によれば、全都道府県で民間の平均月額給与を上回る。青森、秋田、愛媛３県は１０万円以上多い。
Aside from regular administrative positions, local government employees handling cleaning and bus-driving duties are paid 1.5 times the amount their private-sector counterparts receive. The figures are 1.9 times higher for security guards and and 1.8 times for telephone operators.
一般職以外でも、清掃関係やバス運転手は民間の１・５倍、警備員は１・９倍、電話交換手が１・８倍などと厚遇ぶりが目立つ。
Some local entities pay employees housing allowances--a perk already abolished for central government employees. Others give special allowances to teachers for accompanying school excursions and supervising high school exams.
国家公務員では廃止された持ち家手当を温存し、修学旅行の引率や高校入試の監督まで特殊勤務手当で支給する自治体もある。
Both the ruling and opposition camps appear reluctant to take up the issue of local government salaries. They seem afraid of antagonizing local entities when a House of Representatives election is likely to be held soon.
与野党とも衆院選を前に地方の反発を恐れ、地方公務員の給与問題には及び腰となりがちだ。
Community residents and assemblies should press harder for administrative reform of local governments.
地域の住民や議会が一層の行政改革を迫ることが重要だろう。
When the consumption tax rate is raised to 10 percent from October 2015, revenue from 1.54 percentage points of the five-point hike will go to local governments' coffers, which they can use at their discretion.
１５年１０月に消費税率が１０％に引き上げられた段階で、増税５％のうち１・５４％分は自治体に回り、自主財源となる。
Given this, local governments should remain aware of their responsibility to further cut expenditures to ensure fiscal matters are handled effectively and properly.
地方は一段と歳出削減に取り組み、メリハリのある財政運営を行う責任がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 11, 2012)
（2012年11月11日01時19分 読売新聞）
Local govts need bigger ax to slash personnel costs
地方公務員給与 自治体はもっと削減努力を（11月11日付・読売社説）
Slashing personnel costs is a crucial task for local governments and from the viewpoint of rebuilding the central government's finances. It is essential that local governments redouble their efforts to cut expenditures.
地方の人件費圧縮は、国の財政再建にも重要な課題だ。
自治体の削減努力が求められる。
With preparations for compiling a state budget for fiscal 2013 under way, the Finance Ministry announced provisional calculations regarding salary levels of local government employees.
２０１３年度予算の編成に向け、財務省が地方公務員の給与水準に関する試算を発表した。
The Laspeyres index--an indicator that compares local government employees' salaries against a base of 100 for salaries of central government workers--stood at 106.9 for fiscal 2012, marking a reversal for the first time in nine years, according to the estimates.
国家公務員を１００としたときの地方公務員の給与水準を示すラスパイレス指数が、１２年度は１０６・９となり、９年ぶりに国と地方の給与が逆転した。
Salaries in more than 80 percent of about 1,800 local entities across Japan exceeded the pay pocketed by central government employees.
全国約１８００自治体の８割以上が国より高水準だった。
This seems partly due to the fact that the central government decided to cut its employees' salaries for two years from fiscal 2012 to raise funds for budgetary appropriations for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake.
東日本大震災の復興予算を捻出するため、国家公務員の給与を１２年度から２年間、引き下げた措置が影響しているのだろう。
Salaries of local government employees are stipulated by ordinances, mainly after consultations between municipalities and trade unions of their workers. The central government has no say in pay scale decisions by local governments.
地方公務員の給与は労組との協議などを経て、自治体が条例で決める。国に決定権はない。
===
Averse to pay cuts
However, local government employees' salaries are paid from local tax grants allocated by the central government, in addition to local tax revenues.
ただ、その財源となるのは、地方税などに加え、国から配分される地方交付税交付金だ。
These tax grants, which are designed to help local governments make up for budget deficits, have reached more than 17 trillion yen a year. The central government funds these grants by incurring debts. Providing cash for local tax grants has been a major cause of the central government's fiscal crunch, along with fast-ballooning social security costs.
地方の財源不足を補う１７兆円超の交付税は国が借金しながら支えており、社会保障費と並んで国家財政を圧迫する要因となっている。
Personnel costs account for about one-fourth of the more than 80 trillion yen in total expenses of local governments throughout Japan. Curtailing employees' salaries is essential for turning around the finances of chronically debt-ridden local governments.
地方全体の歳出８０兆円超のうち給与が４分の１を占める。公務員給与の削減は、借金体質が続く地方財政の改革に不可欠だ。
Kyoto Gov. Keiji Yamada, who chairs the Association of Prefectural Governors, has bristled at the Finance Ministry's suggestion that local government workers' salaries must be cut. He said the central government "should recognize the efforts being made by local governments" to reel in budget deficits.
財務省の指摘に対し、全国知事会長の山田啓二京都府知事は「地方の努力を評価してもらわないと困る」と反発し、
Internal Affairs and Communications Minister Shinji Tarutoko also joined the chorus of criticism, saying the Finance Ministry was "making figures arbitrarily, apparently with the aim of misleading public opinion. This is extremely inappropriate."
樽床総務相も「勝手に数字を出して世論をミスリードするのは甚だ不適切だ」と不快感を表明している。
The way salaries of local government employees are determined is baffling for several reasons.
しかし、地方公務員給与の現状をみれば、首をかしげたくなるような面も少なくない。
Salary levels for a local government are decided, in principle, after checking salaries of other local entities and the central government, as well as salary trends in the private sector.
給与水準は国や他の自治体、民間の動向を踏まえて決定することになっている。
===
Fringe benefits too generous
According to the Finance Ministry, workers at local governments in every prefecture earned larger pay packets than the average monthly pay of private business employees. Local government monthly salaries were more than 100,000 yen higher than company employees' salaries in Aomori, Akita and Ehime prefectures, the ministry noted.
だが、財務省によれば、全都道府県で民間の平均月額給与を上回る。青森、秋田、愛媛３県は１０万円以上多い。
Aside from regular administrative positions, local government employees handling cleaning and bus-driving duties are paid 1.5 times the amount their private-sector counterparts receive. The figures are 1.9 times higher for security guards and and 1.8 times for telephone operators.
一般職以外でも、清掃関係やバス運転手は民間の１・５倍、警備員は１・９倍、電話交換手が１・８倍などと厚遇ぶりが目立つ。
Some local entities pay employees housing allowances--a perk already abolished for central government employees. Others give special allowances to teachers for accompanying school excursions and supervising high school exams.
国家公務員では廃止された持ち家手当を温存し、修学旅行の引率や高校入試の監督まで特殊勤務手当で支給する自治体もある。
Both the ruling and opposition camps appear reluctant to take up the issue of local government salaries. They seem afraid of antagonizing local entities when a House of Representatives election is likely to be held soon.
与野党とも衆院選を前に地方の反発を恐れ、地方公務員の給与問題には及び腰となりがちだ。
Community residents and assemblies should press harder for administrative reform of local governments.
地域の住民や議会が一層の行政改革を迫ることが重要だろう。
When the consumption tax rate is raised to 10 percent from October 2015, revenue from 1.54 percentage points of the five-point hike will go to local governments' coffers, which they can use at their discretion.
１５年１０月に消費税率が１０％に引き上げられた段階で、増税５％のうち１・５４％分は自治体に回り、自主財源となる。
Given this, local governments should remain aware of their responsibility to further cut expenditures to ensure fiscal matters are handled effectively and properly.
地方は一段と歳出削減に取り組み、メリハリのある財政運営を行う責任がある。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 11, 2012)
（2012年11月11日01時19分 読売新聞）
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November 11, 2012(Mainichi Japan)
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Feeling upbeat and one's true character
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:強がりな人ほど心に弱さ ／東京
Former Tokyo Gov. Shintaro Ishihara, on his final day at work, was asked by reporters for his feelings. He responded, "I don't have any (sadness), I feel upbeat."
都知事を辞任した石原慎太郎氏は、最後の登庁の日、報道陣に心境を尋ねられて「（寂しさは）全然ない。心ウキウキ、ワクワクだ」と笑顔で語った。
Hearing this, I was probably not the only one to think, "When was the last time I felt upbeat?" Asking this to a university senior who still hasn't secured a job, they told me, "When I open e-mail it's a notice that I've been turned down and my family gets depressed. Even the soccer team I like isn't doing well. There isn't a single bit of good news."
この言葉を聞いて「最近、ウキウキ、ワクワクしたのはいつだっけ」とつい考えてしまったのは、私だけではないだろう。いまだに来春の就職先が決まらない大学４年生にきくと、「メールを開けば“残念ですが”という不採用通知だし、家族はうつ病になっちゃうし、好きなサッカーチームまで成績が悪くて、楽しいことなんてひとつもないですよ」とのことだった。
Then, why does Ishihara feel upbeat? There may be a feeling of freedom from dropping the burden of governor, but I don't think that is all. The Japan Restoration Party's leader Toru Hashimoto said at the party's formation, "A big battle is coming," and Ishihara, too, may be feeling excitement about forming his own party and leading it into national politics amidst the current political turmoil.
では石原氏は、いったいどうして「ウキウキ、ワクワク」しているのだろう。都知事の荷を下ろした解放感もあるかもしれないが、それだけではないはずだ。日本維新の会の橋下徹代表は、結党のあいさつで「大いくさが始まる」と述べていたが、新党の発足を予定している石原氏もおそらく、“乱世”のいま、新党を率いて国政の場に打って出ることに高揚感や興奮を感じているのだろう。
Should we feel strength in seeing such political leaders, or be unsettled by how far removed they are from regular people's lives? I am of the latter.
まさに戦国時代のように奮い立つリーダーたちの姿に、頼もしさを感じるべきなのだろうか。それとも、「あまりにも一般の生活者とかけ離れている」と違和感を抱いてよいのだろうか。正直言って、私は後者だ。
Harold Dwight Lasswell, a political scientist who was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, writes something interesting in his book "Power and Personality." There are people in the world with a love for power, and they often become politicians, and according to Lasswell, many of them work for personal motives, such as overcoming unpleasant memories from childhood. He writes that these politicians cleverly use arguments for the public good to justify their personal motives.
精神分析家フロイトの影響を受けたラスウェルという政治学者は、「権力と人間」という本の中で面白いことを述べている。世の中には権力に目がない「政治的タイプ」と呼ばれる人間がいて、この人たちがしばしば政治家になるのだが、ラスウェルによるとその動機の多くは「子ども時代のイヤな思い出の克服」など個人的な動機に基づいているのだという。ラスウェルは、このタイプの政治家について「個人的な動機を、公の目的にうまくすり替え、公共の利益の名において合理化できる人」といった説明をしている。
I don't want to think that all the world's politicians are seeking power for personal reasons like overcoming inferiority complexes from their childhood and showing up the world. However, when I wonder if the fact that the stronger one looks, the weaker they are inside applies to politics as well, I find myself worrying about some politicians.
すべての政治家が、「子ども時代のコンプレックスを晴らして世の中を見返すために」といった自分だけの動機で権力を目指しているとは思いたくない。とはいえ、「強く見える人ほど、心の中に弱さを持っている」という真実は政治の世界でも生きているのか、と思うとちょっとおかしくなり、「あの政治家はどうなのだろう？」と心配になる。
Of course, we cannot have only weak-willed politicians, but in these difficult times, I would like someone who doesn't forget kindness and compassion to lead society. Am I mistaken to want such a thing?
もちろん弱気なだけのリーダーばかりでは困るが、このむずかしい時代、やっぱり優しさや思いやりを忘れない人に社会を動かしてもらいたい。そう思うのは間違いなのだろうか。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2012年11月06日 地方版
Kaleidoscope of the Heart: Feeling upbeat and one's true character
香山リカのココロの万華鏡:強がりな人ほど心に弱さ ／東京
Former Tokyo Gov. Shintaro Ishihara, on his final day at work, was asked by reporters for his feelings. He responded, "I don't have any (sadness), I feel upbeat."
都知事を辞任した石原慎太郎氏は、最後の登庁の日、報道陣に心境を尋ねられて「（寂しさは）全然ない。心ウキウキ、ワクワクだ」と笑顔で語った。
Hearing this, I was probably not the only one to think, "When was the last time I felt upbeat?" Asking this to a university senior who still hasn't secured a job, they told me, "When I open e-mail it's a notice that I've been turned down and my family gets depressed. Even the soccer team I like isn't doing well. There isn't a single bit of good news."
この言葉を聞いて「最近、ウキウキ、ワクワクしたのはいつだっけ」とつい考えてしまったのは、私だけではないだろう。いまだに来春の就職先が決まらない大学４年生にきくと、「メールを開けば“残念ですが”という不採用通知だし、家族はうつ病になっちゃうし、好きなサッカーチームまで成績が悪くて、楽しいことなんてひとつもないですよ」とのことだった。
Then, why does Ishihara feel upbeat? There may be a feeling of freedom from dropping the burden of governor, but I don't think that is all. The Japan Restoration Party's leader Toru Hashimoto said at the party's formation, "A big battle is coming," and Ishihara, too, may be feeling excitement about forming his own party and leading it into national politics amidst the current political turmoil.
では石原氏は、いったいどうして「ウキウキ、ワクワク」しているのだろう。都知事の荷を下ろした解放感もあるかもしれないが、それだけではないはずだ。日本維新の会の橋下徹代表は、結党のあいさつで「大いくさが始まる」と述べていたが、新党の発足を予定している石原氏もおそらく、“乱世”のいま、新党を率いて国政の場に打って出ることに高揚感や興奮を感じているのだろう。
Should we feel strength in seeing such political leaders, or be unsettled by how far removed they are from regular people's lives? I am of the latter.
まさに戦国時代のように奮い立つリーダーたちの姿に、頼もしさを感じるべきなのだろうか。それとも、「あまりにも一般の生活者とかけ離れている」と違和感を抱いてよいのだろうか。正直言って、私は後者だ。
Harold Dwight Lasswell, a political scientist who was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, writes something interesting in his book "Power and Personality." There are people in the world with a love for power, and they often become politicians, and according to Lasswell, many of them work for personal motives, such as overcoming unpleasant memories from childhood. He writes that these politicians cleverly use arguments for the public good to justify their personal motives.
精神分析家フロイトの影響を受けたラスウェルという政治学者は、「権力と人間」という本の中で面白いことを述べている。世の中には権力に目がない「政治的タイプ」と呼ばれる人間がいて、この人たちがしばしば政治家になるのだが、ラスウェルによるとその動機の多くは「子ども時代のイヤな思い出の克服」など個人的な動機に基づいているのだという。ラスウェルは、このタイプの政治家について「個人的な動機を、公の目的にうまくすり替え、公共の利益の名において合理化できる人」といった説明をしている。
I don't want to think that all the world's politicians are seeking power for personal reasons like overcoming inferiority complexes from their childhood and showing up the world. However, when I wonder if the fact that the stronger one looks, the weaker they are inside applies to politics as well, I find myself worrying about some politicians.
すべての政治家が、「子ども時代のコンプレックスを晴らして世の中を見返すために」といった自分だけの動機で権力を目指しているとは思いたくない。とはいえ、「強く見える人ほど、心の中に弱さを持っている」という真実は政治の世界でも生きているのか、と思うとちょっとおかしくなり、「あの政治家はどうなのだろう？」と心配になる。
Of course, we cannot have only weak-willed politicians, but in these difficult times, I would like someone who doesn't forget kindness and compassion to lead society. Am I mistaken to want such a thing?
もちろん弱気なだけのリーダーばかりでは困るが、このむずかしい時代、やっぱり優しさや思いやりを忘れない人に社会を動かしてもらいたい。そう思うのは間違いなのだろうか。
(By Rika Kayama, psychiatrist)
毎日新聞 2012年11月06日 地方版
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 11, 2012)
Ruling and opposition parties should meet halfway
「年内解散」検討 環境整備へ与野党は歩み寄れ（11月10日付・読売社説）
By speeding up efforts to settle key issues, both ruling and opposition parties should create an environment conducive to a decision by Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda to dissolve the House of Representatives within the year.
年内の衆院解散へ、与野党は懸案処理を急ぎ、野田首相が決断できる環境を整えるべきだ。
Noda is currently mulling dissolution of the lower house for a general election. As some members of his Democratic Party of Japan are considering leaving the party, the prime minister is well aware of the risk that the DPJ may no longer retain a lower house majority. Given the situation, Noda apparently is looking for ways to gain the upper hand in dissolving the lower house rather than being forced to dissolve it.
首相が解散・総選挙の検討に入った。民主党内に離党予備軍を抱え、衆院での与党過半数割れも視野に入る。首相は、追い込まれるよりも主導権を握った形での解散を模索しているのだろう。
It has been about three years and two months since the last lower house election. It is about time to seek a public mandate.
前回衆院選から約３年２か月が経過し、国民に信を問う潮時を迎えつつあるのは確かだ。
The prime minister was apparently prompted to consider dissolution by a change in the stance of the largest opposition Liberal Democratic Party. LDP President Shinzo Abe recently said his party is ready to cooperate on passing a bill to issue deficit-covering bonds and resolving other key issues even though Noda has not set a definite date for the dissolution.
首相の背中を押したのは、自民党の安倍総裁が解散の確約にこだわらず、赤字国債発行を可能にする特例公債法案の成立などに協力する方針に転じたことだ。
The bill is expected to be passed in the lower house Thursday and be enacted by the end of this month.
法案は１５日に衆院を通過し、月内に成立する見通しだ。
===
LDP, Komeito cooperation
The LDP has concluded that holding the matter closely linked to the people's daily lives "hostage" is not the proper thing to do. We view this as reasonable.
自民党が、国民生活を「人質」とする戦術は取るべきではないと判断したのは妥当である。
Under the divided Diet in which the House of Councillors is controlled by the opposition camp, the opposition's act of urging Noda to specify the timing of the dissolution in return for its cooperation in passing important legislation could restrict the prime minister's constitutional prerogative to dissolve the lower house.
衆参ねじれ国会の下、首相が重要法案成立と引き換えに解散時期の明示を迫られることは、解散権の制約につながろう。
If such maneuvers were to be repeated, no administration would last long, and politics would be thrown into chaos. We believe Abe's compromise would be to the advantage of the LDP, which is seeking a return to power.
こうした駆け引きが繰り返されれば、政権は短命化し、政治の混迷が続く。安倍氏の譲歩は、政権復帰を目指す自民党にとっても損にならないはずだ。
The smaller opposition party New Komeito has also fallen in line with the LDP without calling on Noda for a definite time for the lower house dissolution. Although they have not fully come to terms, it is significant that the three major parties are back on the same page for now.
公明党も、解散の確約にこだわらず、自民党に同調した。部分的にせよ、民自公路線がこの局面で復活した意義は大きい。
The three parties have also agreed to have party leaders debate in the Diet as well as convene a meeting of the lower house's budget committee next week. We hope they will have serious debates over the Senkaku Islands issue and Japan's participation in negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership multinational free trade framework. Noda supports TPP participation.
３党は、来週の党首討論と衆院予算委員会の開催でも合意した。尖閣諸島問題や、首相が参加に前向きな環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）を巡り、活発な政策論議を繰り広げてもらいたい。
===
It's time for DPJ to shift stance
Meanwhile, the DPJ has maintained a firm attitude on lower house electoral system reform--one of the conditions set by Noda to dissolve the lower house--by continuing to handle the two issues of reducing single-seat constituencies by five and cutting the number of seats in the proportional representation system together. However, the DPJ is unlikely to win cooperation from the opposition with such a stance, and this would leave the passage of the key legislation up in the air.
解散へのもう一つの条件である衆院選挙制度改革に関し、民主党は、小選挙区の「０増５減」と比例定数削減の同時決着を求める姿勢を崩していない。だが、これでは野党の協力が得られず、法案成立のメドは立たない。
To prevent a lower house election from being held "in a state of unconstitutionality," it is essential for the DPJ to accept the LDP's proposal of handling the issues separately and reducing single-seat constituencies first. The DPJ executive led by Secretary General Azuma Koshiishi should be aware a position shift is necessary.
「違憲状態」のままの衆院選を避けるには、自民党の求める「０増５減」の先行処理が不可欠だ。民主党の輿石執行部は腹をくくって、方針を転換する時である。
The opposition camp in the upper house, meanwhile, remains combative with the Noda administration, citing the censure motion against Noda passed in the previous Diet session as the reason.
一方、参院の野党は、首相問責決議を理由に、政権と全面的に対決する構えを示している。
The three parties have also broadly agreed on the passage of a bill in the lower house to revise the National Pension Law to set pension payments at levels reflecting the current decline in prices. They should also work together in approving necessary legislation in the upper house.
民自公３党は、年金支給額を物価下落に応じ、適正水準に是正する国民年金法改正案の衆院通過でも大筋合意した。参院でも、３党が協力し、必要な法案については成立させるべきである。
Upper house DPJ members have called on the opposition parties to allow the prime minister to deliver his policy speech in the chamber's plenary session as the opposition blocked Noda from doing so. But the DPJ should refrain from unnecessarily provoking them.
参院民主党は、野党の反対で見送った参院本会議での首相の所信表明演説を求めている。要らざる挑発は控えた方がいいだろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 10, 2012)
（2012年11月10日01時18分 読売新聞）
Ruling and opposition parties should meet halfway
「年内解散」検討 環境整備へ与野党は歩み寄れ（11月10日付・読売社説）
By speeding up efforts to settle key issues, both ruling and opposition parties should create an environment conducive to a decision by Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda to dissolve the House of Representatives within the year.
年内の衆院解散へ、与野党は懸案処理を急ぎ、野田首相が決断できる環境を整えるべきだ。
Noda is currently mulling dissolution of the lower house for a general election. As some members of his Democratic Party of Japan are considering leaving the party, the prime minister is well aware of the risk that the DPJ may no longer retain a lower house majority. Given the situation, Noda apparently is looking for ways to gain the upper hand in dissolving the lower house rather than being forced to dissolve it.
首相が解散・総選挙の検討に入った。民主党内に離党予備軍を抱え、衆院での与党過半数割れも視野に入る。首相は、追い込まれるよりも主導権を握った形での解散を模索しているのだろう。
It has been about three years and two months since the last lower house election. It is about time to seek a public mandate.
前回衆院選から約３年２か月が経過し、国民に信を問う潮時を迎えつつあるのは確かだ。
The prime minister was apparently prompted to consider dissolution by a change in the stance of the largest opposition Liberal Democratic Party. LDP President Shinzo Abe recently said his party is ready to cooperate on passing a bill to issue deficit-covering bonds and resolving other key issues even though Noda has not set a definite date for the dissolution.
首相の背中を押したのは、自民党の安倍総裁が解散の確約にこだわらず、赤字国債発行を可能にする特例公債法案の成立などに協力する方針に転じたことだ。
The bill is expected to be passed in the lower house Thursday and be enacted by the end of this month.
法案は１５日に衆院を通過し、月内に成立する見通しだ。
===
LDP, Komeito cooperation
The LDP has concluded that holding the matter closely linked to the people's daily lives "hostage" is not the proper thing to do. We view this as reasonable.
自民党が、国民生活を「人質」とする戦術は取るべきではないと判断したのは妥当である。
Under the divided Diet in which the House of Councillors is controlled by the opposition camp, the opposition's act of urging Noda to specify the timing of the dissolution in return for its cooperation in passing important legislation could restrict the prime minister's constitutional prerogative to dissolve the lower house.
衆参ねじれ国会の下、首相が重要法案成立と引き換えに解散時期の明示を迫られることは、解散権の制約につながろう。
If such maneuvers were to be repeated, no administration would last long, and politics would be thrown into chaos. We believe Abe's compromise would be to the advantage of the LDP, which is seeking a return to power.
こうした駆け引きが繰り返されれば、政権は短命化し、政治の混迷が続く。安倍氏の譲歩は、政権復帰を目指す自民党にとっても損にならないはずだ。
The smaller opposition party New Komeito has also fallen in line with the LDP without calling on Noda for a definite time for the lower house dissolution. Although they have not fully come to terms, it is significant that the three major parties are back on the same page for now.
公明党も、解散の確約にこだわらず、自民党に同調した。部分的にせよ、民自公路線がこの局面で復活した意義は大きい。
The three parties have also agreed to have party leaders debate in the Diet as well as convene a meeting of the lower house's budget committee next week. We hope they will have serious debates over the Senkaku Islands issue and Japan's participation in negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership multinational free trade framework. Noda supports TPP participation.
３党は、来週の党首討論と衆院予算委員会の開催でも合意した。尖閣諸島問題や、首相が参加に前向きな環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）を巡り、活発な政策論議を繰り広げてもらいたい。
===
It's time for DPJ to shift stance
Meanwhile, the DPJ has maintained a firm attitude on lower house electoral system reform--one of the conditions set by Noda to dissolve the lower house--by continuing to handle the two issues of reducing single-seat constituencies by five and cutting the number of seats in the proportional representation system together. However, the DPJ is unlikely to win cooperation from the opposition with such a stance, and this would leave the passage of the key legislation up in the air.
解散へのもう一つの条件である衆院選挙制度改革に関し、民主党は、小選挙区の「０増５減」と比例定数削減の同時決着を求める姿勢を崩していない。だが、これでは野党の協力が得られず、法案成立のメドは立たない。
To prevent a lower house election from being held "in a state of unconstitutionality," it is essential for the DPJ to accept the LDP's proposal of handling the issues separately and reducing single-seat constituencies first. The DPJ executive led by Secretary General Azuma Koshiishi should be aware a position shift is necessary.
「違憲状態」のままの衆院選を避けるには、自民党の求める「０増５減」の先行処理が不可欠だ。民主党の輿石執行部は腹をくくって、方針を転換する時である。
The opposition camp in the upper house, meanwhile, remains combative with the Noda administration, citing the censure motion against Noda passed in the previous Diet session as the reason.
一方、参院の野党は、首相問責決議を理由に、政権と全面的に対決する構えを示している。
The three parties have also broadly agreed on the passage of a bill in the lower house to revise the National Pension Law to set pension payments at levels reflecting the current decline in prices. They should also work together in approving necessary legislation in the upper house.
民自公３党は、年金支給額を物価下落に応じ、適正水準に是正する国民年金法改正案の衆院通過でも大筋合意した。参院でも、３党が協力し、必要な法案については成立させるべきである。
Upper house DPJ members have called on the opposition parties to allow the prime minister to deliver his policy speech in the chamber's plenary session as the opposition blocked Noda from doing so. But the DPJ should refrain from unnecessarily provoking them.
参院民主党は、野党の反対で見送った参院本会議での首相の所信表明演説を求めている。要らざる挑発は控えた方がいいだろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 10, 2012)
（2012年11月10日01時18分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 10, 2012)
Concern grows over China's continued hard-line policy
中国共産党大会 強硬路線の継承を懸念する（11月9日付・読売社説）
It is now obvious that China's new generation of Communist Party and national leaders will continue to pursue policies aimed at bolstering both its economic and military might, seeking to become "a rich country with a strong army."
経済力と軍事力を膨張させる富国強兵路線を、新指導部が継承することが明確になった。
The Congress of the Communist Party of China, which meets every five years, is under way.
５年に１度の中国共産党大会が開幕した。
During the ruling party convention, Vice President Xi Jinping is expected to be inaugurated as general secretary and a significant majority of the top echelons of China's leadership will be replaced.
今大会では習近平国家副主席が総書記に就任し、指導部が大幅に交代する。
The Congress is of great importance as it will set the path China will take over the next 10 years.
中国の今後１０年の針路を決定づける重要な大会だ。
In a report on the party's action policy over the next five years delivered at the opening of the Congress on Thursday, President Hu Jintao, who is due to step down as general secretary, affirmed Beijing's resolve to accelerate modernization of its military to defend Chinese territory, and strongly emphasized the nation's determination to protect its maritime interests.
総書記を退く胡錦濤国家主席は今後５年の党の活動方針となる政治報告で、領土を防衛するために軍の近代化を加速し、海洋権益を断固守る姿勢を強調した。
The remarks by Hu seemed to be addressing the heightened tensions between Japan and China over Japan's recent nationalization of the Senkaku Islands, several thorny territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and the new diplomatic policy of the United States to refocus its strategic attention on Asia.
尖閣諸島の国有化を巡る日本との激しい対立や南シナ海の領有権問題に関する摩擦、米国の「アジア重視」の新戦略を念頭に置いたものだろう。
===
Simmering anger over injustice
There is every sign China's hard-line stance toward Japan over the Senkakus will continue.
尖閣問題で中国の対日強硬姿勢が続くのは避けられまい。
Japan, for its part, must support mid- and long-term strategies toward China by strengthening ties with Southeast Asian nations based on the Japan-U.S. alliance.
日本は日米同盟を基軸に東南アジア諸国とも連携し、中長期的な対中戦略を練らなければならない。
In the speech, Hu also stated a goal of doubling China's gross domestic product by 2020 and per capita incomes nationwide in a decade, both compared to 2010 levels.
胡氏はまた、２０２０年の国内総生産や１人当たりの所得を１０年に比べて２倍にするとの目標も打ち出した。
To achieve this, China must maintain a yearly growth rate of about 7 percent. Since the days of hard-charging growth appear to be in the past, fulfilling these goals will not be easy.
年率７％程度の成長を維持していく必要がある。だが、かつてのような高成長は望めず、目標達成は容易ではない。
Over the past decade, China has successfully hosted a summer Olympics and a World Expo, as well as claimed from Japan the No. 2 spot in terms of economic size.
この１０年、中国は北京五輪と上海万博を成功させ、日本を抜き世界第２位の経済大国となった。
However, in the shadows of spectacular growth lies a widening gap between rich and poor, as well as deepening public anger over inequities in the administration of justice and rampant corruption among local bureaucrats. Violent demonstrations have erupted over these issues in many parts of China.
成長の陰で、貧富の格差が広がり、不公正な司法や地方官僚の腐敗などに対する国民の反発が暴動となって各地で噴出している。
Hu's declaration that the government will do its utmost to shrink income disparities by "deepening reform of income allocation systems" likely came out of a strong sense of urgency over the matter.
胡氏が「所得分配制度の改革を深化させる」として格差解消に全力を挙げる方針を訴えたのは、強い危機感の裏返しと言える。
People aged 60 or older accounted for 12.5 percent of China's population in 2009, and this number is projected to rise to 18 percent by 2020. Further delays in improving the social safety net and related matters could easily stir up social unrest.
０９年末に総人口の１２・５％だった６０歳以上の高齢者は２０年に１８％になる見込みだ。社会保障などの整備の遅れは、社会を一層不安定にさせる要因となろう。
===
Hidden power struggle
In the national Congress, the party's platform is set to be revised to upgrade Hu's "scientific development concept," which is designed to realize a well-balanced, sustainable society, to the level of Mao Zedong thought and the theories of other supreme leaders of China.
大会では党規約を改正し、調和のとれた持続可能な発展を目指す胡氏の戦略思想「科学的発展観」を毛沢東ら歴代指導者の思想と同列の指導思想に格上げする方針だ。
The move is seen as reflecting Hu's desire to retain influence even after retiring from the country's top post.
引退後も自らの影響力を保ちたい胡氏の狙いがうかがえる。
The announcement of the schedule for the Congress was delayed an extraordinary full month compared to past party conventions. The delay seems to have been primarily due to trouble in agreeing over how Bo Xilai, the former chief of the southwestern city of Chongqing, should be punished. Bo has already lost his party membership over allegations of massive corruption and other reasons.
大会の日程発表は通常より１か月も遅れる異例の事態となった。巨額収賄などを理由に党籍を剥奪した元重慶市トップ薄煕来氏の処分を巡る調整が難航したためとみられる。
Power struggles within the Communist Party were likely behind the delay, though what exactly happened remains murky.
党内の権力闘争が影を落とした形だが、真相は不明だ。
It appears the Congress will not address political reform, including easing of control over freedom of speech.
言論統制の緩和など政治改革は手付かずだ。
Hu said in his speech that Beijing is prepared to "proceed actively as well as appropriately in the task of reforming the political system." But we cannot help but wonder how successful China will be in materializing any meaningful reform.
政治報告は「政治体制改革を積極的かつ穏当に推進する」とうたうが、どこまで改革を進められるのか。
The new party leadership under Xi will begin its rule burdened with a heavy task load.
習近平体制に重い宿題が残されることになる。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 9, 2012)
（2012年11月9日01時21分 読売新聞）
Concern grows over China's continued hard-line policy
中国共産党大会 強硬路線の継承を懸念する（11月9日付・読売社説）
It is now obvious that China's new generation of Communist Party and national leaders will continue to pursue policies aimed at bolstering both its economic and military might, seeking to become "a rich country with a strong army."
経済力と軍事力を膨張させる富国強兵路線を、新指導部が継承することが明確になった。
The Congress of the Communist Party of China, which meets every five years, is under way.
５年に１度の中国共産党大会が開幕した。
During the ruling party convention, Vice President Xi Jinping is expected to be inaugurated as general secretary and a significant majority of the top echelons of China's leadership will be replaced.
今大会では習近平国家副主席が総書記に就任し、指導部が大幅に交代する。
The Congress is of great importance as it will set the path China will take over the next 10 years.
中国の今後１０年の針路を決定づける重要な大会だ。
In a report on the party's action policy over the next five years delivered at the opening of the Congress on Thursday, President Hu Jintao, who is due to step down as general secretary, affirmed Beijing's resolve to accelerate modernization of its military to defend Chinese territory, and strongly emphasized the nation's determination to protect its maritime interests.
総書記を退く胡錦濤国家主席は今後５年の党の活動方針となる政治報告で、領土を防衛するために軍の近代化を加速し、海洋権益を断固守る姿勢を強調した。
The remarks by Hu seemed to be addressing the heightened tensions between Japan and China over Japan's recent nationalization of the Senkaku Islands, several thorny territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and the new diplomatic policy of the United States to refocus its strategic attention on Asia.
尖閣諸島の国有化を巡る日本との激しい対立や南シナ海の領有権問題に関する摩擦、米国の「アジア重視」の新戦略を念頭に置いたものだろう。
===
Simmering anger over injustice
There is every sign China's hard-line stance toward Japan over the Senkakus will continue.
尖閣問題で中国の対日強硬姿勢が続くのは避けられまい。
Japan, for its part, must support mid- and long-term strategies toward China by strengthening ties with Southeast Asian nations based on the Japan-U.S. alliance.
日本は日米同盟を基軸に東南アジア諸国とも連携し、中長期的な対中戦略を練らなければならない。
In the speech, Hu also stated a goal of doubling China's gross domestic product by 2020 and per capita incomes nationwide in a decade, both compared to 2010 levels.
胡氏はまた、２０２０年の国内総生産や１人当たりの所得を１０年に比べて２倍にするとの目標も打ち出した。
To achieve this, China must maintain a yearly growth rate of about 7 percent. Since the days of hard-charging growth appear to be in the past, fulfilling these goals will not be easy.
年率７％程度の成長を維持していく必要がある。だが、かつてのような高成長は望めず、目標達成は容易ではない。
Over the past decade, China has successfully hosted a summer Olympics and a World Expo, as well as claimed from Japan the No. 2 spot in terms of economic size.
この１０年、中国は北京五輪と上海万博を成功させ、日本を抜き世界第２位の経済大国となった。
However, in the shadows of spectacular growth lies a widening gap between rich and poor, as well as deepening public anger over inequities in the administration of justice and rampant corruption among local bureaucrats. Violent demonstrations have erupted over these issues in many parts of China.
成長の陰で、貧富の格差が広がり、不公正な司法や地方官僚の腐敗などに対する国民の反発が暴動となって各地で噴出している。
Hu's declaration that the government will do its utmost to shrink income disparities by "deepening reform of income allocation systems" likely came out of a strong sense of urgency over the matter.
胡氏が「所得分配制度の改革を深化させる」として格差解消に全力を挙げる方針を訴えたのは、強い危機感の裏返しと言える。
People aged 60 or older accounted for 12.5 percent of China's population in 2009, and this number is projected to rise to 18 percent by 2020. Further delays in improving the social safety net and related matters could easily stir up social unrest.
０９年末に総人口の１２・５％だった６０歳以上の高齢者は２０年に１８％になる見込みだ。社会保障などの整備の遅れは、社会を一層不安定にさせる要因となろう。
===
Hidden power struggle
In the national Congress, the party's platform is set to be revised to upgrade Hu's "scientific development concept," which is designed to realize a well-balanced, sustainable society, to the level of Mao Zedong thought and the theories of other supreme leaders of China.
大会では党規約を改正し、調和のとれた持続可能な発展を目指す胡氏の戦略思想「科学的発展観」を毛沢東ら歴代指導者の思想と同列の指導思想に格上げする方針だ。
The move is seen as reflecting Hu's desire to retain influence even after retiring from the country's top post.
引退後も自らの影響力を保ちたい胡氏の狙いがうかがえる。
The announcement of the schedule for the Congress was delayed an extraordinary full month compared to past party conventions. The delay seems to have been primarily due to trouble in agreeing over how Bo Xilai, the former chief of the southwestern city of Chongqing, should be punished. Bo has already lost his party membership over allegations of massive corruption and other reasons.
大会の日程発表は通常より１か月も遅れる異例の事態となった。巨額収賄などを理由に党籍を剥奪した元重慶市トップ薄煕来氏の処分を巡る調整が難航したためとみられる。
Power struggles within the Communist Party were likely behind the delay, though what exactly happened remains murky.
党内の権力闘争が影を落とした形だが、真相は不明だ。
It appears the Congress will not address political reform, including easing of control over freedom of speech.
言論統制の緩和など政治改革は手付かずだ。
Hu said in his speech that Beijing is prepared to "proceed actively as well as appropriately in the task of reforming the political system." But we cannot help but wonder how successful China will be in materializing any meaningful reform.
政治報告は「政治体制改革を積極的かつ穏当に推進する」とうたうが、どこまで改革を進められるのか。
The new party leadership under Xi will begin its rule burdened with a heavy task load.
習近平体制に重い宿題が残されることになる。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 9, 2012)
（2012年11月9日01時21分 読売新聞）
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The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 9, 2012)
Obama must confront 'fiscal cliff,' Pacific affairs in his 2nd term
米大統領選 続投オバマ氏を待つ財政の崖（11月8日付・読売社説）
Democrat Barack Obama was reelected as president of the United States on Tuesday, defeating Republican challenger Mitt Romney, a former Massachusetts governor.
米大統領選で、民主党の現職バラク・オバマ氏が、共和党候補ミット・ロムニー前マサチューセッツ州知事を退けて、再選を決めた。
The tasks Obama will face in his second term are as weighty as those of four years ago. The United States has overcome the financial crisis for the time being, but it is still in the process of revitalizing its economy. We hope Obama will realize his country's large role and great responsibility in the world and exercise strong leadership.
オバマ氏が２期目で直面する課題の重さは、４年前にひけをとらない。金融危機はひとまず克服したが、経済再生は、なお途上にある。米国が世界で担う役割と責任の大きさを踏まえ、強い指導力を発揮してもらいたい。
Obama failed to fulfill his promise to cut the country's budget deficit in half by the end of his first term. He could not make the desired progress in job creation, with the unemployment rate remaining high at nearly 8 percent.
オバマ氏は、「１期目の任期中に財政赤字を半減する」との公約を実現できなかった。雇用創出も思うようには進まず、失業率は８％近くに高止まりしている。
The reason Obama was reelected despite these factors is probably because what he did achieve in the fields of economic reconstruction and national security was largely positively evaluated.
それでも再選できたのは、経済再建や安全保障分野での実績がおおむね評価されたからだろう。
===
First-term highlights
Obama stabilized the country's financial system by launching a massive economic stimulus package as soon as he took office. He pulled the United States back from the brink of a major depression by rescuing General Motors Co. after it failed.
就任早々に巨額の景気対策を実施し、金融システムを安定させた。破綻した米自動車大手ゼネラル・モーターズ（ＧＭ）も救済して、大恐慌に転落する瀬戸際にあった米国を救ったと言える。
Also, Obama put an end to the Iraq War, which was a negative legacy of the country, and set a course for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan.
「負の遺産」だったイラク戦争を終わらせ、アフガニスタンからの米軍撤収にも道筋をつけた。
Romney's defeat in the presidential race can only be attributed to the fact that he could not present a convincing economic policy of his own even while he pointed his finger at Obama's mismanagement of the economy.
ロムニー氏の敗因は、大統領の経済失政を指弾しながら、説得力のある経済政策を示せなかったことに尽きる。
The immediate top priority for Obama is balancing economic stimulus measures with reconstruction of government finances.
オバマ氏の最優先課題は、景気対策と財政再建の両立である。
The "fiscal cliff" awaits. This is a situation in which big tax cuts will expire at the end of this year and the U.S. government must start to make mandated spending cuts at the beginning of next year. If no measures are taken, the country will face harsh fiscal restraints and could fall into a serious recession. The impact on the world, including Japan, would be immense.
年末から年明けにかけ、大型減税が失効し、歳出の強制削減が始まる「財政の崖」が控えている。何の手も打たなければ、大規模な財政緊縮をもたらし、米国は深刻な景気後退に陥りかねない。日本など世界への影響は甚大だ。
===
A 'divided' Congress
To get through this ordeal, cooperation from the U.S. Congress is indispensable.
この試練を乗り切るには、連邦議会の協力が欠かせない。
As a result of the congressional elections, there was no real change in the "divided" Congress in which Republicans hold a majority in the House of Representatives while the Democrats hold a majority in the Senate. Obama should do his utmost to enact necessary bills to prevent confusion in the U.S. economy.
議会選の結果、下院で共和党、上院で民主党がそれぞれ過半数を占める“ねじれ”の構図に変化はなかった。経済の混乱を防ぐため必要な法案を成立させるべく、オバマ氏は全力を挙げるべきだ。
In foreign and security policy, there is a mountain of pending issues such as nuclear development by North Korea and Iran and the situation surrounding Syria.
外交・安全保障政策でも、北朝鮮、イランの核開発やシリア情勢など懸案が山積している。
We'd like to pay particular attention to U.S. policy toward China, with its growing economic and military might.
特に注目したいのは、経済・軍事で膨張する中国への政策だ。
The fact that the United States, as a "Pacific nation," has adopted a strategy placing importance on Asia is of great significance for regional stability and prosperity. How will the United States regard Japan, its ally, and what kind of relationship does it plan to build with China?
米国が「太平洋国家」としてアジア重視の戦略を打ち出していることは、地域の安定と繁栄に大きな意味を持つ。米国は同盟国の日本をどう位置づけ、中国とどのような関係を築くつもりなのか。
Japan, for its part, needs to have a series of policy consultations with the United States in a bid to join the Washington-led talks on the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade framework at an early date.
日本も、米国主導の環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）への早期参加を目指し、米国と政策協議を重ねる必要がある。
Japan must further cement the Japan-U.S. relationship by taking necessary steps.
自らの役割を果たす中で、日米関係をより強固にしていかなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 8, 2012)
（2012年11月8日02時00分 読売新聞）
Obama must confront 'fiscal cliff,' Pacific affairs in his 2nd term
米大統領選 続投オバマ氏を待つ財政の崖（11月8日付・読売社説）
Democrat Barack Obama was reelected as president of the United States on Tuesday, defeating Republican challenger Mitt Romney, a former Massachusetts governor.
米大統領選で、民主党の現職バラク・オバマ氏が、共和党候補ミット・ロムニー前マサチューセッツ州知事を退けて、再選を決めた。
The tasks Obama will face in his second term are as weighty as those of four years ago. The United States has overcome the financial crisis for the time being, but it is still in the process of revitalizing its economy. We hope Obama will realize his country's large role and great responsibility in the world and exercise strong leadership.
オバマ氏が２期目で直面する課題の重さは、４年前にひけをとらない。金融危機はひとまず克服したが、経済再生は、なお途上にある。米国が世界で担う役割と責任の大きさを踏まえ、強い指導力を発揮してもらいたい。
Obama failed to fulfill his promise to cut the country's budget deficit in half by the end of his first term. He could not make the desired progress in job creation, with the unemployment rate remaining high at nearly 8 percent.
オバマ氏は、「１期目の任期中に財政赤字を半減する」との公約を実現できなかった。雇用創出も思うようには進まず、失業率は８％近くに高止まりしている。
The reason Obama was reelected despite these factors is probably because what he did achieve in the fields of economic reconstruction and national security was largely positively evaluated.
それでも再選できたのは、経済再建や安全保障分野での実績がおおむね評価されたからだろう。
===
First-term highlights
Obama stabilized the country's financial system by launching a massive economic stimulus package as soon as he took office. He pulled the United States back from the brink of a major depression by rescuing General Motors Co. after it failed.
就任早々に巨額の景気対策を実施し、金融システムを安定させた。破綻した米自動車大手ゼネラル・モーターズ（ＧＭ）も救済して、大恐慌に転落する瀬戸際にあった米国を救ったと言える。
Also, Obama put an end to the Iraq War, which was a negative legacy of the country, and set a course for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan.
「負の遺産」だったイラク戦争を終わらせ、アフガニスタンからの米軍撤収にも道筋をつけた。
Romney's defeat in the presidential race can only be attributed to the fact that he could not present a convincing economic policy of his own even while he pointed his finger at Obama's mismanagement of the economy.
ロムニー氏の敗因は、大統領の経済失政を指弾しながら、説得力のある経済政策を示せなかったことに尽きる。
The immediate top priority for Obama is balancing economic stimulus measures with reconstruction of government finances.
オバマ氏の最優先課題は、景気対策と財政再建の両立である。
The "fiscal cliff" awaits. This is a situation in which big tax cuts will expire at the end of this year and the U.S. government must start to make mandated spending cuts at the beginning of next year. If no measures are taken, the country will face harsh fiscal restraints and could fall into a serious recession. The impact on the world, including Japan, would be immense.
年末から年明けにかけ、大型減税が失効し、歳出の強制削減が始まる「財政の崖」が控えている。何の手も打たなければ、大規模な財政緊縮をもたらし、米国は深刻な景気後退に陥りかねない。日本など世界への影響は甚大だ。
===
A 'divided' Congress
To get through this ordeal, cooperation from the U.S. Congress is indispensable.
この試練を乗り切るには、連邦議会の協力が欠かせない。
As a result of the congressional elections, there was no real change in the "divided" Congress in which Republicans hold a majority in the House of Representatives while the Democrats hold a majority in the Senate. Obama should do his utmost to enact necessary bills to prevent confusion in the U.S. economy.
議会選の結果、下院で共和党、上院で民主党がそれぞれ過半数を占める“ねじれ”の構図に変化はなかった。経済の混乱を防ぐため必要な法案を成立させるべく、オバマ氏は全力を挙げるべきだ。
In foreign and security policy, there is a mountain of pending issues such as nuclear development by North Korea and Iran and the situation surrounding Syria.
外交・安全保障政策でも、北朝鮮、イランの核開発やシリア情勢など懸案が山積している。
We'd like to pay particular attention to U.S. policy toward China, with its growing economic and military might.
特に注目したいのは、経済・軍事で膨張する中国への政策だ。
The fact that the United States, as a "Pacific nation," has adopted a strategy placing importance on Asia is of great significance for regional stability and prosperity. How will the United States regard Japan, its ally, and what kind of relationship does it plan to build with China?
米国が「太平洋国家」としてアジア重視の戦略を打ち出していることは、地域の安定と繁栄に大きな意味を持つ。米国は同盟国の日本をどう位置づけ、中国とどのような関係を築くつもりなのか。
Japan, for its part, needs to have a series of policy consultations with the United States in a bid to join the Washington-led talks on the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade framework at an early date.
日本も、米国主導の環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）への早期参加を目指し、米国と政策協議を重ねる必要がある。
Japan must further cement the Japan-U.S. relationship by taking necessary steps.
自らの役割を果たす中で、日米関係をより強固にしていかなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 8, 2012)
（2012年11月8日02時00分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 8, 2012)
Struggles over '3rd force' reflect political disarray
「第３極」 主導権争いが映す政治の混迷（11月7日付・読売社説）
Political struggles are intensifying over who will become the main actor in an emerging "third force" to challenge the Democratic Party of Japan and the Liberal Democratic Party.
民主、自民両党に続く「第３極」での主導権争いが激化している。
If the basic ideas and policy stances continue to differ significantly among those expected to form such a force, there will be little prospect of it emerging before the next House of Representatives election.
基本的な理念、政策で大きく異なるようでは、次期衆院選に向けた勢力結集に展望は開けまい。
First of all, we wonder about the real aims of a third force. Former Tokyo Gov. Shintaro Ishihara has expressed his intention to shortly launch a new party with Takeo Hiranuma, head of the Sunrise Party of Japan, and others, and work to reorganize the political landscape by forming an alliance with Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and other conservative forces.
そもそも、第３極は何を目的とするのか。石原慎太郎前東京都知事はたちあがれ日本の平沼代表らとともに近く新党を結成し、日本維新の会などとの「保守勢力の結集」によって政界再編を目指す考えを示している。
Toru Hashimoto, the head of Ishin no Kai, is positive about forming an alliance with Ishihara, but wants to keep his distance from the Sunrise Party's "genuine conservatism." This must be hard for the public to understand.
維新の会の橋下徹代表も石原氏との連携には前向きだが、たちあがれ日本の「真正保守」とは一線を画したいという。国民にとっては、わかりにくい。
===
Policy differences
Let's look at the policy issues.
個々の政策を見ると、
Ishihara and the Sunrise Party have accepted a consumption tax rate hike to secure fiscal resources for social security. Ishin no Kai and Your Party, on the other hand, want to make the consumption tax a local tax.
消費税について、石原氏とたちあがれ日本は、社会保障財源を確保するための税率引き上げを容認している。維新の会とみんなの党が唱えるのは「消費税の地方税化」だ。
On energy policy, the Sunrise Party has the realistic approach that nuclear energy should be maintained as long as safety management systems are improved. Ishin no Kai and Your Party both want this country to abandon nuclear power.
エネルギー政策でも、たちあがれ日本は、安全管理体制を強化したうえでの原発維持という現実的な立場だ。維新の会とみんなの党は「脱原発」で一致している。
Consumption tax and nuclear energy policies are significant in determining Japan's future course. Ishihara has described the policy stance differences as "minor problems" that will not prevent the formation of a viable political force. But we consider it absurd to bend on policy measures favored by the public.
消費税や原発は、日本の将来を左右する政策だ。石原氏は勢力結集の前には「ささいな問題」と言うが、大衆迎合色の強い政策と折り合おうとするのはおかしい。
Both of these issues will certainly be hot potatoes in the next lower house election. Voters will be puzzled if parties form an alliance or cooperate in the election by covering up their differences on important policies and call for drastic reforms of state organizations and bureaucracy systems. （この部分の英訳は不完全です＾＾）
個々の政策を見ると、消費税について、石原氏とたちあがれ日本は、社会保障財源を確保するための税率引き上げを容認している。維新の会とみんなの党が唱えるのは「消費税の地方税化」だ。
エネルギー政策でも、たちあがれ日本は、安全管理体制を強化したうえでの原発維持という現実的な立場だ。維新の会とみんなの党は「脱原発」で一致している。
消費税や原発は、日本の将来を左右する政策だ。石原氏は勢力結集の前には「ささいな問題」と言うが、大衆迎合色の強い政策と折り合おうとするのはおかしい。
いずれも次期衆院選では争点となる。重要政策の違いを糊塗(こと)して選挙で連携・協力し、国の機構、官僚制度の抜本的な変革を訴えても、有権者は戸惑うだろう。
Ichiro Matsui, secretary general of Ishin no Kai, has indicated the party will officially endorse candidates in the lower house No. 1 single-seat constituency of each prefecture, which includes the prefectural capital. The party apparently aims to win seats in those constituencies, where there are many floating voters, and garner as many votes as possible in the proportional representation segment of the election.
維新の会の松井一郎幹事長は、全都道府県の小選挙区第１区に公認候補を擁立する意向を示している。浮動票が多い１区での議席獲得と比例票掘り起こしを狙う。
===
Fruitless tug-of-war
This seems to be a promising strategy for Ishin no Kai, which lacks organizational strength, but all parties will want to field candidates in the No. 1 constituencies. It is understandable that Ishin no Kai's unilateral approach has caused consternation among other parties.
組織力を欠く維新の会にとって有力な戦術だが、１区に擁立したいのはどの党も同様だ。一方的な維新の会の方針が、他党に違和感を広げたのも無理はない。
The move to forge a third force has been the focus of attention because the DPJ and the LDP have continued a fruitless political tug-of-war that has led the nation's politics to languish in indecisiveness.
第３極の動向が注目されるのは、民主、自民両党が不毛な政争を繰り返し、「決められない政治」に陥っているからである。
In a Yomiuri Shimbun opinion survey conducted earlier this month, respondents who said they support no particular political party rose to 53 percent, up 10 percentage points from the previous survey. Regarding a third force alliance involving Ishihara's new party, Ishin no Kai and others, 52 percent of respondents said they had high expectations for such an alliance.
読売新聞の今月初旬の世論調査では、支持政党のない無党派層が前回調査を１０ポイントも上回り、５３％に上った。「石原新党」や維新の会など第３極の連携については５２％の人が期待すると答えている。
This is probably because of the popularity of Ishihara and Hashimoto, rather than any other factor.
石原氏や橋下氏の人気が先行しているからだろう。
But the rise of a third force likely means there will be a large number of newly elected lawmakers without experience in national politics. What would this portend for Japan's politics? The public must think about this as well.
しかし、第３極が台頭するということは、国政の場に政治経験の乏しい大量の新人議員が登場することでもある。そのことが日本の政治に何をもたらすかも、考えていかなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 7, 2012)
（2012年11月7日01時20分 読売新聞）
Struggles over '3rd force' reflect political disarray
「第３極」 主導権争いが映す政治の混迷（11月7日付・読売社説）
Political struggles are intensifying over who will become the main actor in an emerging "third force" to challenge the Democratic Party of Japan and the Liberal Democratic Party.
民主、自民両党に続く「第３極」での主導権争いが激化している。
If the basic ideas and policy stances continue to differ significantly among those expected to form such a force, there will be little prospect of it emerging before the next House of Representatives election.
基本的な理念、政策で大きく異なるようでは、次期衆院選に向けた勢力結集に展望は開けまい。
First of all, we wonder about the real aims of a third force. Former Tokyo Gov. Shintaro Ishihara has expressed his intention to shortly launch a new party with Takeo Hiranuma, head of the Sunrise Party of Japan, and others, and work to reorganize the political landscape by forming an alliance with Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Restoration Party) and other conservative forces.
そもそも、第３極は何を目的とするのか。石原慎太郎前東京都知事はたちあがれ日本の平沼代表らとともに近く新党を結成し、日本維新の会などとの「保守勢力の結集」によって政界再編を目指す考えを示している。
Toru Hashimoto, the head of Ishin no Kai, is positive about forming an alliance with Ishihara, but wants to keep his distance from the Sunrise Party's "genuine conservatism." This must be hard for the public to understand.
維新の会の橋下徹代表も石原氏との連携には前向きだが、たちあがれ日本の「真正保守」とは一線を画したいという。国民にとっては、わかりにくい。
===
Policy differences
Let's look at the policy issues.
個々の政策を見ると、
Ishihara and the Sunrise Party have accepted a consumption tax rate hike to secure fiscal resources for social security. Ishin no Kai and Your Party, on the other hand, want to make the consumption tax a local tax.
消費税について、石原氏とたちあがれ日本は、社会保障財源を確保するための税率引き上げを容認している。維新の会とみんなの党が唱えるのは「消費税の地方税化」だ。
On energy policy, the Sunrise Party has the realistic approach that nuclear energy should be maintained as long as safety management systems are improved. Ishin no Kai and Your Party both want this country to abandon nuclear power.
エネルギー政策でも、たちあがれ日本は、安全管理体制を強化したうえでの原発維持という現実的な立場だ。維新の会とみんなの党は「脱原発」で一致している。
Consumption tax and nuclear energy policies are significant in determining Japan's future course. Ishihara has described the policy stance differences as "minor problems" that will not prevent the formation of a viable political force. But we consider it absurd to bend on policy measures favored by the public.
消費税や原発は、日本の将来を左右する政策だ。石原氏は勢力結集の前には「ささいな問題」と言うが、大衆迎合色の強い政策と折り合おうとするのはおかしい。
Both of these issues will certainly be hot potatoes in the next lower house election. Voters will be puzzled if parties form an alliance or cooperate in the election by covering up their differences on important policies and call for drastic reforms of state organizations and bureaucracy systems. （この部分の英訳は不完全です＾＾）
個々の政策を見ると、消費税について、石原氏とたちあがれ日本は、社会保障財源を確保するための税率引き上げを容認している。維新の会とみんなの党が唱えるのは「消費税の地方税化」だ。
エネルギー政策でも、たちあがれ日本は、安全管理体制を強化したうえでの原発維持という現実的な立場だ。維新の会とみんなの党は「脱原発」で一致している。
消費税や原発は、日本の将来を左右する政策だ。石原氏は勢力結集の前には「ささいな問題」と言うが、大衆迎合色の強い政策と折り合おうとするのはおかしい。
いずれも次期衆院選では争点となる。重要政策の違いを糊塗(こと)して選挙で連携・協力し、国の機構、官僚制度の抜本的な変革を訴えても、有権者は戸惑うだろう。
Ichiro Matsui, secretary general of Ishin no Kai, has indicated the party will officially endorse candidates in the lower house No. 1 single-seat constituency of each prefecture, which includes the prefectural capital. The party apparently aims to win seats in those constituencies, where there are many floating voters, and garner as many votes as possible in the proportional representation segment of the election.
維新の会の松井一郎幹事長は、全都道府県の小選挙区第１区に公認候補を擁立する意向を示している。浮動票が多い１区での議席獲得と比例票掘り起こしを狙う。
===
Fruitless tug-of-war
This seems to be a promising strategy for Ishin no Kai, which lacks organizational strength, but all parties will want to field candidates in the No. 1 constituencies. It is understandable that Ishin no Kai's unilateral approach has caused consternation among other parties.
組織力を欠く維新の会にとって有力な戦術だが、１区に擁立したいのはどの党も同様だ。一方的な維新の会の方針が、他党に違和感を広げたのも無理はない。
The move to forge a third force has been the focus of attention because the DPJ and the LDP have continued a fruitless political tug-of-war that has led the nation's politics to languish in indecisiveness.
第３極の動向が注目されるのは、民主、自民両党が不毛な政争を繰り返し、「決められない政治」に陥っているからである。
In a Yomiuri Shimbun opinion survey conducted earlier this month, respondents who said they support no particular political party rose to 53 percent, up 10 percentage points from the previous survey. Regarding a third force alliance involving Ishihara's new party, Ishin no Kai and others, 52 percent of respondents said they had high expectations for such an alliance.
読売新聞の今月初旬の世論調査では、支持政党のない無党派層が前回調査を１０ポイントも上回り、５３％に上った。「石原新党」や維新の会など第３極の連携については５２％の人が期待すると答えている。
This is probably because of the popularity of Ishihara and Hashimoto, rather than any other factor.
石原氏や橋下氏の人気が先行しているからだろう。
But the rise of a third force likely means there will be a large number of newly elected lawmakers without experience in national politics. What would this portend for Japan's politics? The public must think about this as well.
しかし、第３極が台頭するということは、国政の場に政治経験の乏しい大量の新人議員が登場することでもある。そのことが日本の政治に何をもたらすかも、考えていかなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 7, 2012)
（2012年11月7日01時20分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 7, 2012)
Govt offices lack awareness of critical fiscal conditions
会計検査院報告 不適切な予算執行に猛省を（11月6日付・読売社説）
Central government offices, it appears, are unaware that state finances are in a critical situation.
中央省庁には、財政が危機的な状況にあるという認識が欠如しているのではないか。
This is the only deduction that can be made from an annual Board of Audit report on government accounts for fiscal 2011, which lists inappropriate government spending. A total of 529.6 billion yen in state funds were misused, the second-highest on record.
会計検査院がまとめた２０１１年度の決算検査報告書には、そう思うしかない不適切な予算執行が列挙されている。指摘された無駄遣いの総額は、過去２番目に多い５２９６億円に上った。
The report found 89 sewage treatment plants across the country were being poorly operated after being built with subsidies from the Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry. An excessive number of the plants were constructed due to erroneous demographic forecasts, causing spending of 25.7 billion yen to literally go down the drain.
国土交通省からの補助を受けて自治体が整備する下水処理場で、稼働実績の乏しい施設が全国で８９か所あった。人口予測を誤り、施設を造り過ぎたためで、国費２５７億円が無駄になった。
Due to a failure in a screening system development project, the Patent Office suffered a loss of 5.4 billion yen that was paid to contractors. The board blamed this on the Patent Office's inadequate supervision and a lack of technical expertise on the part of the contractors.
特許庁は、審査システム開発事業の失敗で、請負業者に支払った開発費５４億円が損失となる。業者の技術力不足に加え、特許庁の管理態勢が不十分だったことが原因と、報告書は指摘する。
Wasteful spending was also found in the income compensation system for individual farming households, which the Democratic Party of Japan-led administration trumpeted as one of its centerpiece policies. The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry was found to have provided subsidies to farming families ineligible for the money due to their poor handling of fertilizers.
民主党政権が目玉政策の一つとする農家への戸別所得補償制度でも、農林水産省は肥料の管理が劣悪で補償対象にならない農家にまで交付金を支払っていた。
===
Soul-searching urged
Government ministries and agencies must take seriously what has been pointed out by the board and ensure they spend their budgets properly.
各省庁は検査院の指摘を重く受けとめ、適切な予算執行に努めなければならない。
It has once again been brought to light that not enough financial support has reached disaster-stricken areas to promote projects for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake.
東日本大震災の復興事業では、被災地に支援が十分行き渡らない実態も改めて浮かび上がった。
Of about 14.9 trillion yen earmarked in the fiscal 2011 budget for reconstruction projects, just 54 percent was spent.
１１年度に計上された約１４兆９０００億円の復興予算のうち、使われたのは５４％にとどまった。
Even allowing for the urgent need to secure budgets for reconstruction, in many cases budgets were formulated without confirming the actual needs of disaster-affected areas and their ability to put this money to work. A classic example was evident in projects for restoring agricultural facilities. Applications for financial support were sluggish because subsidies were limited to projects that would restore these facilities to their original condition.
緊急に予算を確保する必要があったとはいえ、被災地のニーズと対処する能力を把握しないまま、予算を組んだケースも少なくない。その典型例が農業施設復旧事業だ。原状復旧だけを対象としたため、申し込みが低調だった。
The board called for the Reconstruction Agency and other government offices to work out fiscal assistance measures by assessing correctly the conditions of disaster-affected municipalities. This is a natural course of action.
検査院が復興庁などに対し、被災自治体の状況を踏まえた支援を求めたのは当然と言えよう。
===
Meet local needs
A questionnaire survey conducted by the board of 58 affected cities, towns and villages showed they wanted government officials with expertise in civil engineering and construction dispatched to help and long-term personnel support. They also demanded that complicated paperwork be simplified.
被災した５８市町村を対象に検査院が実施したアンケートでは、土木・建築分野の専門職員の派遣や長期的な人材支援、さらに、煩雑な事務手続きの簡略化などを求める声が寄せられている。
There is no doubt that increased burdens placed on local governments due to a shortage of employees are hampering the progress of reconstruction. The government must establish an assistance system that can meet the needs of affected local governments.
自治体職員の不足に伴う負担の増大が、復興の足かせになっていることは間違いない。政府はこうした現地の要望に応える支援態勢を整える必要がある。
Some central government offices were found to have used reconstruction budgets for projects that did not directly help disaster-damaged areas. That the board in the first place never suspected reconstruction budgets might be diverted for other purposes and stopped short of pointing this out is just not good enough.
復興予算を巡っては、各省庁が被災地支援に直接結びつかない事業に「転用」した問題も判明している。検査院に当初、転用を疑問とする視点がなく、指摘に至らなかったのは物足りない。
We want the Board of Audit to check exhaustively whether national spending has been used effectively for reconstruction in affected areas, and scrutinize budgetary appropriations themselves.
予算の内容精査とともに、被災地で使われた国費が復興に有効活用されたかどうかも、検査院はしっかりチェックしてほしい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 6, 2012)
（2012年11月6日01時32分 読売新聞）
Govt offices lack awareness of critical fiscal conditions
会計検査院報告 不適切な予算執行に猛省を（11月6日付・読売社説）
Central government offices, it appears, are unaware that state finances are in a critical situation.
中央省庁には、財政が危機的な状況にあるという認識が欠如しているのではないか。
This is the only deduction that can be made from an annual Board of Audit report on government accounts for fiscal 2011, which lists inappropriate government spending. A total of 529.6 billion yen in state funds were misused, the second-highest on record.
会計検査院がまとめた２０１１年度の決算検査報告書には、そう思うしかない不適切な予算執行が列挙されている。指摘された無駄遣いの総額は、過去２番目に多い５２９６億円に上った。
The report found 89 sewage treatment plants across the country were being poorly operated after being built with subsidies from the Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Ministry. An excessive number of the plants were constructed due to erroneous demographic forecasts, causing spending of 25.7 billion yen to literally go down the drain.
国土交通省からの補助を受けて自治体が整備する下水処理場で、稼働実績の乏しい施設が全国で８９か所あった。人口予測を誤り、施設を造り過ぎたためで、国費２５７億円が無駄になった。
Due to a failure in a screening system development project, the Patent Office suffered a loss of 5.4 billion yen that was paid to contractors. The board blamed this on the Patent Office's inadequate supervision and a lack of technical expertise on the part of the contractors.
特許庁は、審査システム開発事業の失敗で、請負業者に支払った開発費５４億円が損失となる。業者の技術力不足に加え、特許庁の管理態勢が不十分だったことが原因と、報告書は指摘する。
Wasteful spending was also found in the income compensation system for individual farming households, which the Democratic Party of Japan-led administration trumpeted as one of its centerpiece policies. The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry was found to have provided subsidies to farming families ineligible for the money due to their poor handling of fertilizers.
民主党政権が目玉政策の一つとする農家への戸別所得補償制度でも、農林水産省は肥料の管理が劣悪で補償対象にならない農家にまで交付金を支払っていた。
===
Soul-searching urged
Government ministries and agencies must take seriously what has been pointed out by the board and ensure they spend their budgets properly.
各省庁は検査院の指摘を重く受けとめ、適切な予算執行に努めなければならない。
It has once again been brought to light that not enough financial support has reached disaster-stricken areas to promote projects for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake.
東日本大震災の復興事業では、被災地に支援が十分行き渡らない実態も改めて浮かび上がった。
Of about 14.9 trillion yen earmarked in the fiscal 2011 budget for reconstruction projects, just 54 percent was spent.
１１年度に計上された約１４兆９０００億円の復興予算のうち、使われたのは５４％にとどまった。
Even allowing for the urgent need to secure budgets for reconstruction, in many cases budgets were formulated without confirming the actual needs of disaster-affected areas and their ability to put this money to work. A classic example was evident in projects for restoring agricultural facilities. Applications for financial support were sluggish because subsidies were limited to projects that would restore these facilities to their original condition.
緊急に予算を確保する必要があったとはいえ、被災地のニーズと対処する能力を把握しないまま、予算を組んだケースも少なくない。その典型例が農業施設復旧事業だ。原状復旧だけを対象としたため、申し込みが低調だった。
The board called for the Reconstruction Agency and other government offices to work out fiscal assistance measures by assessing correctly the conditions of disaster-affected municipalities. This is a natural course of action.
検査院が復興庁などに対し、被災自治体の状況を踏まえた支援を求めたのは当然と言えよう。
===
Meet local needs
A questionnaire survey conducted by the board of 58 affected cities, towns and villages showed they wanted government officials with expertise in civil engineering and construction dispatched to help and long-term personnel support. They also demanded that complicated paperwork be simplified.
被災した５８市町村を対象に検査院が実施したアンケートでは、土木・建築分野の専門職員の派遣や長期的な人材支援、さらに、煩雑な事務手続きの簡略化などを求める声が寄せられている。
There is no doubt that increased burdens placed on local governments due to a shortage of employees are hampering the progress of reconstruction. The government must establish an assistance system that can meet the needs of affected local governments.
自治体職員の不足に伴う負担の増大が、復興の足かせになっていることは間違いない。政府はこうした現地の要望に応える支援態勢を整える必要がある。
Some central government offices were found to have used reconstruction budgets for projects that did not directly help disaster-damaged areas. That the board in the first place never suspected reconstruction budgets might be diverted for other purposes and stopped short of pointing this out is just not good enough.
復興予算を巡っては、各省庁が被災地支援に直接結びつかない事業に「転用」した問題も判明している。検査院に当初、転用を疑問とする視点がなく、指摘に至らなかったのは物足りない。
We want the Board of Audit to check exhaustively whether national spending has been used effectively for reconstruction in affected areas, and scrutinize budgetary appropriations themselves.
予算の内容精査とともに、被災地で使われた国費が復興に有効活用されたかどうかも、検査院はしっかりチェックしてほしい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 6, 2012)
（2012年11月6日01時32分 読売新聞）
プロフィール
ＨＮ：
srachai
ＨＰ：
性別：
男性
職業：
civil engineer
趣味：
子育て
自己紹介：
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
Yomiuri
Mainichi
Asahi
Japan Times
Washington Post
Newyork Times
Bangkok Post
The Nations
Phuket Gazette
[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
英字新聞（読売）
英字新聞（毎日）
英字新聞（朝日）
英字新聞（朝日２）
[ スラチャイ編集の辞書 ]
タイ日辞書（改訂版）
日タイ辞書（改訂版）
ラオ日辞書
日ラオ辞書
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タイ語の子音
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スラチャイ編曲のmidiのギター曲
スラチャイ編曲のJ.S.Bachです
スラチャイの多国言語学習
初歩のタイ語
初歩の中国語
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タイ語の接続詞
基礎タイ語
基礎タイ語一覧（タイ文字、ローマ字）
seesaaサイト内リンク一覧：
01 あいさつ
02 別れのあいさつ
03 声をかけるとき
04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
07 相手の言うことがわからないとき
08 うまく言えないとき
09 一般的なあいづち
10 よくわからないときの返事
11 強めのあいづち
12 自分について述べるとき
13 相手のことを尋ねるとき
14 頼みごとをするとき
15 申し出・依頼を断るとき
16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
21 急いでもらいたいとき
22 待ってもらいたいとき
23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
基礎タイ語一覧(タイ文字、音声付き）
サイト外HPリンク一覧：
01 あいさつ
02 別れのあいさつ
03 声をかけるとき
04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
07 相手の言うことがわからないとき
08 うまく言えないとき
09 一般的なあいづち
10 よくわからないときの返事
11 強めのあいづち
12 自分について述べるとき
13 相手のことを尋ねるとき
14 頼みごとをするとき
15 申し出・依頼を断るとき
16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
21 急いでもらいたいとき
22 待ってもらいたいとき
23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
タイの文化、１４の戒律
タイの文化一覧:
01 雨の日にも傘をささないタイ人
02 勉強熱心なタイ人女性たち
03 タイ人は敬謙な仏教徒
04 タイの市場
05 タイの食堂
06 タイ人は外食が大好き
07 果物王国タイランド
08 タイ人の誕生日
09 タイの電話代は高い
10 微笑みの国タイランド
1４の戒律（テラワーダ仏教戒律）
seesaaサイト内リンク一覧：
第０１番目の戒律
第０２番目の戒律
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第０６番目の戒律
第０７番目の戒律
第０８番目の戒律
第０９番目の戒律
第１０番目の戒律
第１１番目の戒律
第１２番目の戒律
第１３番目の戒律
第１４番目の戒律
1４の戒律（テラワーダ仏教戒律）
サイト外HPリンク一覧：
１４の戒律解説
第０１番目の戒律
第０２番目の戒律
第０３番目の戒律
第０４番目の戒律
第０５番目の戒律
第０６番目の戒律
第０７番目の戒律
第０８番目の戒律
第０９番目の戒律
第１０番目の戒律
第１１番目の戒律
第１２番目の戒律
第１３番目の戒律
第１４番目の戒律