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The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 8, 2009)
Japan, China, U.S. can play joint role in Mekong
メコン地域 米中と連携して開発支援を（11月8日付・読売社説）
A neighbor to the countries that hug the Mekong River in Indochina, China has long had an interest in the region, but the United States has recently developed a growing interest in the nations as well.
インドシナ半島を流れるメコン川一帯の国々には、国境を接する中国に加え、最近は米国も関心を強めている。
Japan should take this opportunity, therefore, to back development of the region in close cooperation with both China and the United States.
日本は、米中両国と緊密に連携しながら、この地域の開発支援を進めるべきだ。
The leaders of Japan and Southeast Asia's five Mekong River nations--Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam--met in Tokyo for their first-ever Japan-Mekong summit meeting on Friday and Saturday.
タイ、ベトナム、ラオス、カンボジア、ミャンマー５か国と日本との初の日本・メコン地域諸国首脳会議が、東京で開かれた。
The Tokyo Declaration adopted at the summit incorporates Japan's support measures, including the development of a distribution network linking production sites and industrial centers that are scattered across the region, as well as the expansion of assistance in the field of environmental protection.
共同宣言には、日本の具体的な支援策として、地域に点在する生産拠点や産業集積地をつなぐ物流ネットワークの整備や、環境分野の支援の拡充が盛り込まれた。
Japan and China have found themselves competing for influence when it comes to development of the Mekong area, implementing their own plans regarding the building of transport corridors via the construction of roads, bridges and tunnels.
メコン開発では、道路や橋、トンネルの建設による「回廊」（幹線道路）づくりを中国と日本が競い合う形で進めてきた。
China has provided assistance for the North-South Economic Corridor program, which covers an area stretching from China's Yunnan Province in the north to Thailand and Vietnam in the south.
中国は、雲南省からタイやベトナムに南下する南北経済回廊の整備を支援した。
Japan, on the other hand, has provided official development assistance for the construction of both the East-West Economic Corridor program, which covers the Indochina area, and the Southern Economic Corridor program, which connects Bangkok with Ho Chi Minh City.
日本は、インドシナ半島を横断する東西経済回廊、タイのバンコクとベトナムのホーチミンをつなぐ南部経済回廊の建設をＯＤＡ（政府開発援助）でサポートした。
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Common rules needed
The use of land routes, such as the East-West Economic Corridor, could greatly reduce the time taken to transport goods compared with sending them by sea via the Malacca Straits.
マラッカ海峡を経由する海上輸送と比べ、東西経済回廊などの陸路を使えば、輸送にかかる時間は大幅に短縮できる。
However, there are hurdles to be overcome to realize a smoothly functioning transport corridor, most notably that customs and quarantine procedures at borders will need to be unified and streamlined.
だが、課題も多い。物流ルートとして使うには、国境を越える際の通関や検疫の手続きを統一し、簡素化を図ることが不可欠だ。
Therefore, the joint statement reached at the summit notes the importance of improving the basic infrastructure of the Mekong states, not only in terms of hardware such as roads, but software such as border controls.
共同宣言が、ハード面だけでなくソフト面の基盤整備の重要性を指摘したのもこのためだ。
Japan should emphasize its support for the reshaping of such institutions and the training of customs and quarantine personnel.
今後は手続きの制度設計への支援や、通関・検疫業務に従事する人材の育成などに力を入れるべきだ。
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Dialogue with China, U.S. key
Japan and China have provided development assistance to Mekong nations within their own frameworks. But to ensure goods can be transported and people can travel without problems along the three key corridors, it is necessary to establish common rules covering their use.
日中はそれぞれ独自の枠組みで開発支援を行ってきた。今後、３回廊の往来をスムーズにするには共通のルールづくりが必要だ。
To that end, it is important that the Japan-China Mekong policy dialogue forum, set up by Tokyo and Beijing in 2008, be used to enable the exchange of opinions on future policies for the Mekong region to safeguard the region's development and stability.
そのためには、昨年から始まった日中メコン政策対話の場を活用していくことが大切になる。
Also of importance is cooperation with the United States. The administration of U.S. President Barack Obama has placed importance on strengthening its ties with Asian nations.
In July, the United States held its first-ever ministerial meeting with four Mekong nations in Thailand--Myanmar being the only nation excluded from the forum.
さらに重要なのが、米国との連携だ。オバマ政権はアジア重視の政策を打ち出し、７月には、ミャンマーを除く４か国との閣僚会議をタイで初めて開催した。
To address the situation in Myanmar, the Obama administration has revised the previous administration's economic sanctions-only policy and told the Myanmar junta it is ready to improve relations with the country.
対ミャンマー政策も、オバマ政権は、経済制裁一辺倒だった姿勢を改め、関係改善の用意があることを軍事政権側に伝えた。
China has been increasing its influence over Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia, using economic aid as a strategic tool.
中国は、経済援助を利用してミャンマー、ラオス、カンボジアなどへの影響力を強めている。
Washington's apprehension over Beijing's moves is thought to be a key reason the United States has adopted a policy of engagement with Myanmar.
それに対する警戒感が、米国を関与政策に向かわせた理由の一つとみられている。
As Japan builds a cooperative relationship with China, it must also work with the United States in a way that promotes a favorable outcome for all parties.
日本が中国と協力関係を築く上でも、米国との連携は、プラスの効果をもたらすだろう。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 8, 2009)
（2009年11月8日01時04分 読売新聞）
PR
--The Asahi Shimbun, Nov. 6(IHT/Asahi: November 7,2009)
EDITORIAL: Financial policies.
金融政策―デフレの悪循環を阻め
In a deflationary spiral, prices of goods and services go into a tailspin, trimming sales revenues, lowering production and shrinking payrolls at companies. In times like that, the economy as a whole continues to shrink, pushing down prices further. In light of the state of the domestic economy, it will have to keep walking, at least for the time being, on the brink of falling into a dreadful downward spiral.
デフレスパイラル。物価が全般に下がり、企業の売上高や生産、雇用が減少する。経済全体が縮小し、物価はさらに下がる。そんな悪循環の縁を、日本経済は注意深く歩み続けなければならないようだ。
The Bank of Japan, in its latest report titled "Outlook for Economic Activity and Prices," said prices will keep falling through fiscal 2011. It said the economy will likely start growing again in fiscal 2010 on the back of increased exports to emerging economies, gradually decreasing the margin of decline in prices.
But it is by no means certain that this rather rosy scenario will come to pass. There is no room for optimism at the moment.
日銀が先に発表した「展望リポート」で、物価下落は１１年度まで続くとの予測が示された。新興国への輸出をテコに経済成長率は１０年度からプラスに転じ、物価下落幅も徐々に小さくなるという見立てだが、そううまくいくかどうか。楽観は禁物である。
After the collapse of the asset-inflated economy in the early 1990s, Japan became the first industrial nation since the end of World War II to experience deflation. Now, the threat of full-blown deflation is growing again in the aftermath of the global economic crisis. Japan has yet to emerge fully from the situation where falling prices of a broad range of goods and services are putting a strain on its economy.
日本はバブル経済の崩壊後、先進国として第２次大戦後初のデフレに陥った。広範な物価下落が経済を圧迫する構図から抜け出せないまま、世界危機でデフレが再び深刻化しつつある。
Policymakers need to take utmost care to prevent the economy from tumbling into a deflationary spiral.
スパイラルに落ち込まないよう細心の注意が必要なのだ。
Deflation is caused by a shortage of overall demand. The only effective remedy for deflation is a mix of fiscal and monetary expansion to stimulate the economy. It is, however, important to combine such economic stimulus measures with steps to nurture new industries and create jobs based on a strategy for medium- and long-term economic growth. Simply trying to relieve a demand shortage won't be enough.
デフレは総需要の不足から起きる。これを克服するには当面、財政と金融の両面からの景気刺激に頼るしかないが、それを新しい産業と雇用の創出に向けた中長期の経済成長戦略と組み合わせることが大切だ。たんに需要不足を補うだけではいけない。
Meanwhile, the central bank has announced that it will phase out part of the measures to support corporate financing it introduced following the failure of U.S. investment bank Lehman Brothers in September last year. The BOJ will terminate its program to purchase commercial paper, a short-term unsecured promissory note, and corporate bonds at the end of this year.
一方、日銀は昨秋のリーマン・ショック以降に打ち出した企業の資金繰り支援策の一部を段階的に解除すると発表した。手形の一種であるコマーシャルペーパーと、社債の買い入れを年内で終える。
As applications for the program have fallen sharply in recent months, the central bank has decided the program is no longer necessary.
最近は利用が減り、使命を終えたと判断した。
The BOJ has also decided to close at the end of March a special lending program to provide financial institutions with unlimited funds for corporate lending. Under this program, the BOJ extends loans to banks at an annual interest rate of 0.1 percent, securing corporate bonds submitted to the central bank and other debt securities as collateral.
社債などを担保として金融機関に金利０．１％で無制限に企業向け資金を貸す企業金融支援特別オペレーションを来年３月で終えることも決めた。
These decisions reflect receding concerns about the serious credit contraction that temporarily made it hard even for large companies to raise funds. If, however, the economy falls into a second bottom, the central bank should not hesitate to revive these measures. Flexible responses to changing economic conditions are vital.
いずれも、大企業の資金繰りすら危うくした異常な金融収縮がひとまず収まった状況を映したものだ。今後もし景気が二番底に陥れば、再び発動することもためらうべきではない。臨機応変の姿勢が欠かせない。
Market players should not regard these moves as the beginning of a so-called exit strategy, which means ending the extremely easy monetary policy that is now in place.
市場関係者も、これらの措置が金融緩和に幕を引く「出口戦略」の始まりであると受け取ってはならない。
As the improved earnings results for the first half of the current fiscal year have indicated, large companies are beginning to recover. With industrial production still at a low level, however, small and midsize companies remain stuck in dire straits. A significant increase in bankruptcies among them could prolong this deflation and recession.
中間決算の発表に表れたように大企業の収益は持ち直してきたが、鉱工業生産がなお低水準にあるため、中小企業の経営は危機的な状況が続いている。持ちこたえられなくなった企業の倒産が増えれば、デフレと不況はますます長期化しかねない。
Concerns about the crisis among small and midsize firms have prompted the government to submit a bill to the extraordinary Diet session to help ease their financing difficulties. The BOJ has also pledged to maintain easy credit conditions tenaciously, suggesting it intends to ensure that funds will be flowing from financial institutions into small and midsize businesses.
政府が臨時国会に出した「貸し渋り対策」の法案も中小企業の危機を重視したものだ。日銀も「金融緩和の状態をねばり強く続ける」とし、金融機関から中小企業に資金がしみ出すことを狙っている。
To prevent the economy from slipping into a double-dip recession, policymakers should make every effort to support the financing of smaller businesses while enhancing measures to create jobs.
景気を二番底に陥らせないためにも、当面は雇用対策の強化と並んで中小企業向けの金融に力を注ぐことが大切である。
We hope the government and the BOJ will work together to take effective policy measures to save the economy.
政府と日銀が連動することで、大きな効果を発揮するよう期待したい。
EDITORIAL: Financial policies.
金融政策―デフレの悪循環を阻め
In a deflationary spiral, prices of goods and services go into a tailspin, trimming sales revenues, lowering production and shrinking payrolls at companies. In times like that, the economy as a whole continues to shrink, pushing down prices further. In light of the state of the domestic economy, it will have to keep walking, at least for the time being, on the brink of falling into a dreadful downward spiral.
デフレスパイラル。物価が全般に下がり、企業の売上高や生産、雇用が減少する。経済全体が縮小し、物価はさらに下がる。そんな悪循環の縁を、日本経済は注意深く歩み続けなければならないようだ。
The Bank of Japan, in its latest report titled "Outlook for Economic Activity and Prices," said prices will keep falling through fiscal 2011. It said the economy will likely start growing again in fiscal 2010 on the back of increased exports to emerging economies, gradually decreasing the margin of decline in prices.
But it is by no means certain that this rather rosy scenario will come to pass. There is no room for optimism at the moment.
日銀が先に発表した「展望リポート」で、物価下落は１１年度まで続くとの予測が示された。新興国への輸出をテコに経済成長率は１０年度からプラスに転じ、物価下落幅も徐々に小さくなるという見立てだが、そううまくいくかどうか。楽観は禁物である。
After the collapse of the asset-inflated economy in the early 1990s, Japan became the first industrial nation since the end of World War II to experience deflation. Now, the threat of full-blown deflation is growing again in the aftermath of the global economic crisis. Japan has yet to emerge fully from the situation where falling prices of a broad range of goods and services are putting a strain on its economy.
日本はバブル経済の崩壊後、先進国として第２次大戦後初のデフレに陥った。広範な物価下落が経済を圧迫する構図から抜け出せないまま、世界危機でデフレが再び深刻化しつつある。
Policymakers need to take utmost care to prevent the economy from tumbling into a deflationary spiral.
スパイラルに落ち込まないよう細心の注意が必要なのだ。
Deflation is caused by a shortage of overall demand. The only effective remedy for deflation is a mix of fiscal and monetary expansion to stimulate the economy. It is, however, important to combine such economic stimulus measures with steps to nurture new industries and create jobs based on a strategy for medium- and long-term economic growth. Simply trying to relieve a demand shortage won't be enough.
デフレは総需要の不足から起きる。これを克服するには当面、財政と金融の両面からの景気刺激に頼るしかないが、それを新しい産業と雇用の創出に向けた中長期の経済成長戦略と組み合わせることが大切だ。たんに需要不足を補うだけではいけない。
Meanwhile, the central bank has announced that it will phase out part of the measures to support corporate financing it introduced following the failure of U.S. investment bank Lehman Brothers in September last year. The BOJ will terminate its program to purchase commercial paper, a short-term unsecured promissory note, and corporate bonds at the end of this year.
一方、日銀は昨秋のリーマン・ショック以降に打ち出した企業の資金繰り支援策の一部を段階的に解除すると発表した。手形の一種であるコマーシャルペーパーと、社債の買い入れを年内で終える。
As applications for the program have fallen sharply in recent months, the central bank has decided the program is no longer necessary.
最近は利用が減り、使命を終えたと判断した。
The BOJ has also decided to close at the end of March a special lending program to provide financial institutions with unlimited funds for corporate lending. Under this program, the BOJ extends loans to banks at an annual interest rate of 0.1 percent, securing corporate bonds submitted to the central bank and other debt securities as collateral.
社債などを担保として金融機関に金利０．１％で無制限に企業向け資金を貸す企業金融支援特別オペレーションを来年３月で終えることも決めた。
These decisions reflect receding concerns about the serious credit contraction that temporarily made it hard even for large companies to raise funds. If, however, the economy falls into a second bottom, the central bank should not hesitate to revive these measures. Flexible responses to changing economic conditions are vital.
いずれも、大企業の資金繰りすら危うくした異常な金融収縮がひとまず収まった状況を映したものだ。今後もし景気が二番底に陥れば、再び発動することもためらうべきではない。臨機応変の姿勢が欠かせない。
Market players should not regard these moves as the beginning of a so-called exit strategy, which means ending the extremely easy monetary policy that is now in place.
市場関係者も、これらの措置が金融緩和に幕を引く「出口戦略」の始まりであると受け取ってはならない。
As the improved earnings results for the first half of the current fiscal year have indicated, large companies are beginning to recover. With industrial production still at a low level, however, small and midsize companies remain stuck in dire straits. A significant increase in bankruptcies among them could prolong this deflation and recession.
中間決算の発表に表れたように大企業の収益は持ち直してきたが、鉱工業生産がなお低水準にあるため、中小企業の経営は危機的な状況が続いている。持ちこたえられなくなった企業の倒産が増えれば、デフレと不況はますます長期化しかねない。
Concerns about the crisis among small and midsize firms have prompted the government to submit a bill to the extraordinary Diet session to help ease their financing difficulties. The BOJ has also pledged to maintain easy credit conditions tenaciously, suggesting it intends to ensure that funds will be flowing from financial institutions into small and midsize businesses.
政府が臨時国会に出した「貸し渋り対策」の法案も中小企業の危機を重視したものだ。日銀も「金融緩和の状態をねばり強く続ける」とし、金融機関から中小企業に資金がしみ出すことを狙っている。
To prevent the economy from slipping into a double-dip recession, policymakers should make every effort to support the financing of smaller businesses while enhancing measures to create jobs.
景気を二番底に陥らせないためにも、当面は雇用対策の強化と並んで中小企業向けの金融に力を注ぐことが大切である。
We hope the government and the BOJ will work together to take effective policy measures to save the economy.
政府と日銀が連動することで、大きな効果を発揮するよう期待したい。
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 7, 2009)
Govt must do more for U.S. security alliance
オバマ来日 政府は日米同盟再構築に動け（11月7日付・読売社説）
The government has yet to agree to a plan to relocate the U.S. Marine Corps' Futenma Air Station within Okinawa Prefecture. This plan is backed by the U.S. government and the Okinawa prefectural government. However, the central government is sticking to an alternative idea that is opposed by both. It is hard to understand the government's dithering on this matter.
米政府と沖縄県がそろって賛成する案に同調せず、両者が反対する案に固執する。日本政府の対応は理解に苦しむ。
It appears almost certain that this issue will not be settled before U.S. President Barack Obama arrives in Japan on Thursday. This likely will strain the Japan-U.S. relationship. We think this is deplorable.
沖縄県の米海兵隊普天間飛行場の移設問題は、１２日のオバマ米大統領の来日前には決着しないことが確定的となった。日米関係への悪影響は避けられない。極めて遺憾な事態だ。
The blame lies basically with the administration of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama. The government has been putting off a decision on whether to accept the plan to relocate the air station from the city of Ginowan to the eastern coastal area of the city of Nago, saying it is still examining how the plan was drawn up.
その責任は、基本的に鳩山政権にある。名護市東海岸に移設する現行計画について、政府は「過去の経緯を検証中」を理由に、受け入れの判断を先送りしている。
Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada is pursuing a plan to integrate Futenma Air Station with the U.S. Air Force's Kadena Air Base, which also is in Okinawa Prefecture. But persuading the United States and local governments to drop their opposition to this proposal will be anything but easy.
岡田外相は、普天間飛行場を空軍嘉手納基地に統合する案を追求する。だが、米国や地元の反対を翻意させるのは困難だろう。
Most disturbing of all is that the government remains quite unaware of the negative repercussions that could be caused by delaying a resolution of the issue.
問題は、決着先送りの負の面を政府が認識していないことだ。
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Grumbling growing
Since the government called for relocating the Futenma base outside Okinawa Prefecture or even outside the nation--despite such plans being almost completely unfeasible--calls to support the idea have been growing among people in the prefecture. This has vexed the Okinawa prefectural government and the Nago city government, which threw their support behind the current plan not because it was the best one but because it was better than other options.
政府が実現の見通しもないまま「県外・国外移設」を掲げたため沖縄県内では、これに同調する声が広がり始めた。「ベストではないが、ベターな案」として現行計画に賛成する沖縄県や名護市の立場を苦しくさせている。
Members of the U.S. Congress have begun to express their reluctance to allocate funds for transferring 8,000 U.S. marines currently stationed in Okinawa Prefecture to Guam.
米連邦議会でも、海兵隊８０００人のグアム移転の予算計上への慎重論がくすぶり出した。
To reduce the burden on communities that host U.S. bases in Okinawa Prefecture, we think the government should settle the issue by the end of this year at the latest by accepting the current plan.
地元負担の軽減を実現するため政府は遅くとも年内に、現行計画での決着を目指す必要がある。
The Maritime Self-Defense Force's refueling mission in the Indian Ocean has become another headache for the government. The MSDF's mission is set to be discontinued when a special law authorizing it expires in January, yet the government has not presented any alternative measure.
インド洋での海上自衛隊の給油活動も、代替策がないまま来年１月の期限で中止される方向だ。
Hatoyama has insisted he will not agree to a simple extension of the mission. But he also seems unwilling to consider a "not simple" extension of the mission through a revision of the law that requires the prior approval of the Diet, for example.
鳩山首相は「単純な延長はしない」と強調していた。だが、法改正で国会の事前承認を加えて活動を継続するなど、「単純でない延長」もしないつもりのようだ。
The government intends to drastically increase its financial aid for the reconstruction of Afghanistan. But mere financial assistance pales as an alternative to sending personnel and providing actual physical support. Working hard on tough jobs with allies and sharing certain risks are essential for establishing international relationships of trust.
政府はアフガニスタン復興支援を大幅に増額する方針だが、資金支援だけでは人的支援の代替策とはならない。ともに汗を流し、一定のリスクを共有することで、国際社会との信頼関係が築かれることを軽視してはなるまい。
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Remarks sowing confusion
Hatoyama said he would deepen the multilayered Japan-U.S. alliance as next year marks the 50th anniversary of the revision of the bilateral security treaty.
鳩山首相は、来年の日米安保条約改定５０周年に向けて「同盟を重層的に深化させる」という。
But his remarks on delaying resolution of the Futenma issue, ending the refueling mission and reducing the so-called sympathy budget allocations for U.S. forces stationed in Japan have all served to erode the alliance.
だが、普天間問題の先送りや給油の中止、在日米軍の思いやり予算の削減など、首相発言は同盟関係を後退させることばかりだ。
The bilateral alliance cannot be deepened unless Self-Defense Forces personnel are actively engaged in international peace and cooperation activities and Tokyo and Washington strengthen their defense cooperation.
自衛隊による国際平和協力活動への積極的な参加や、日米防衛協力の強化に取り組まなければ、同盟の深化はあり得ない。
One reason behind this disconcerting disarray is the Social Democratic Party--a coalition partner of the Democratic Party of Japan. The SDP has squawked at attempts by the Hatoyama administration to shift policy course on those issues.
一連の問題の背景の一つには、鳩山政権の政策転換に反対する連立与党の社民党の存在がある。
Easy compromises are not an option on foreign policy and security issues that affect the very foundation of the nation. Hatoyama must reestablish and strengthen the Japan-U.S. alliance relationship--even if he has to twist some arms in the SDP.
国の基本である外交・安保政策での安易な妥協は禁物だ。鳩山首相は、社民党を説得してでも、同盟関係の再構築に動くべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 7, 2009)
（2009年11月7日01時43分 読売新聞）
Govt must do more for U.S. security alliance
オバマ来日 政府は日米同盟再構築に動け（11月7日付・読売社説）
The government has yet to agree to a plan to relocate the U.S. Marine Corps' Futenma Air Station within Okinawa Prefecture. This plan is backed by the U.S. government and the Okinawa prefectural government. However, the central government is sticking to an alternative idea that is opposed by both. It is hard to understand the government's dithering on this matter.
米政府と沖縄県がそろって賛成する案に同調せず、両者が反対する案に固執する。日本政府の対応は理解に苦しむ。
It appears almost certain that this issue will not be settled before U.S. President Barack Obama arrives in Japan on Thursday. This likely will strain the Japan-U.S. relationship. We think this is deplorable.
沖縄県の米海兵隊普天間飛行場の移設問題は、１２日のオバマ米大統領の来日前には決着しないことが確定的となった。日米関係への悪影響は避けられない。極めて遺憾な事態だ。
The blame lies basically with the administration of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama. The government has been putting off a decision on whether to accept the plan to relocate the air station from the city of Ginowan to the eastern coastal area of the city of Nago, saying it is still examining how the plan was drawn up.
その責任は、基本的に鳩山政権にある。名護市東海岸に移設する現行計画について、政府は「過去の経緯を検証中」を理由に、受け入れの判断を先送りしている。
Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada is pursuing a plan to integrate Futenma Air Station with the U.S. Air Force's Kadena Air Base, which also is in Okinawa Prefecture. But persuading the United States and local governments to drop their opposition to this proposal will be anything but easy.
岡田外相は、普天間飛行場を空軍嘉手納基地に統合する案を追求する。だが、米国や地元の反対を翻意させるのは困難だろう。
Most disturbing of all is that the government remains quite unaware of the negative repercussions that could be caused by delaying a resolution of the issue.
問題は、決着先送りの負の面を政府が認識していないことだ。
===
Grumbling growing
Since the government called for relocating the Futenma base outside Okinawa Prefecture or even outside the nation--despite such plans being almost completely unfeasible--calls to support the idea have been growing among people in the prefecture. This has vexed the Okinawa prefectural government and the Nago city government, which threw their support behind the current plan not because it was the best one but because it was better than other options.
政府が実現の見通しもないまま「県外・国外移設」を掲げたため沖縄県内では、これに同調する声が広がり始めた。「ベストではないが、ベターな案」として現行計画に賛成する沖縄県や名護市の立場を苦しくさせている。
Members of the U.S. Congress have begun to express their reluctance to allocate funds for transferring 8,000 U.S. marines currently stationed in Okinawa Prefecture to Guam.
米連邦議会でも、海兵隊８０００人のグアム移転の予算計上への慎重論がくすぶり出した。
To reduce the burden on communities that host U.S. bases in Okinawa Prefecture, we think the government should settle the issue by the end of this year at the latest by accepting the current plan.
地元負担の軽減を実現するため政府は遅くとも年内に、現行計画での決着を目指す必要がある。
The Maritime Self-Defense Force's refueling mission in the Indian Ocean has become another headache for the government. The MSDF's mission is set to be discontinued when a special law authorizing it expires in January, yet the government has not presented any alternative measure.
インド洋での海上自衛隊の給油活動も、代替策がないまま来年１月の期限で中止される方向だ。
Hatoyama has insisted he will not agree to a simple extension of the mission. But he also seems unwilling to consider a "not simple" extension of the mission through a revision of the law that requires the prior approval of the Diet, for example.
鳩山首相は「単純な延長はしない」と強調していた。だが、法改正で国会の事前承認を加えて活動を継続するなど、「単純でない延長」もしないつもりのようだ。
The government intends to drastically increase its financial aid for the reconstruction of Afghanistan. But mere financial assistance pales as an alternative to sending personnel and providing actual physical support. Working hard on tough jobs with allies and sharing certain risks are essential for establishing international relationships of trust.
政府はアフガニスタン復興支援を大幅に増額する方針だが、資金支援だけでは人的支援の代替策とはならない。ともに汗を流し、一定のリスクを共有することで、国際社会との信頼関係が築かれることを軽視してはなるまい。
===
Remarks sowing confusion
Hatoyama said he would deepen the multilayered Japan-U.S. alliance as next year marks the 50th anniversary of the revision of the bilateral security treaty.
鳩山首相は、来年の日米安保条約改定５０周年に向けて「同盟を重層的に深化させる」という。
But his remarks on delaying resolution of the Futenma issue, ending the refueling mission and reducing the so-called sympathy budget allocations for U.S. forces stationed in Japan have all served to erode the alliance.
だが、普天間問題の先送りや給油の中止、在日米軍の思いやり予算の削減など、首相発言は同盟関係を後退させることばかりだ。
The bilateral alliance cannot be deepened unless Self-Defense Forces personnel are actively engaged in international peace and cooperation activities and Tokyo and Washington strengthen their defense cooperation.
自衛隊による国際平和協力活動への積極的な参加や、日米防衛協力の強化に取り組まなければ、同盟の深化はあり得ない。
One reason behind this disconcerting disarray is the Social Democratic Party--a coalition partner of the Democratic Party of Japan. The SDP has squawked at attempts by the Hatoyama administration to shift policy course on those issues.
一連の問題の背景の一つには、鳩山政権の政策転換に反対する連立与党の社民党の存在がある。
Easy compromises are not an option on foreign policy and security issues that affect the very foundation of the nation. Hatoyama must reestablish and strengthen the Japan-U.S. alliance relationship--even if he has to twist some arms in the SDP.
国の基本である外交・安保政策での安易な妥協は禁物だ。鳩山首相は、社民党を説得してでも、同盟関係の再構築に動くべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 7, 2009)
（2009年11月7日01時43分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun (Nov. 6, 2009)
Legislation bureau chief should take backseat
国会改革 脱・法制局長官答弁を支持する（11月6日付・読売社説）
Discussions on Diet reform are moving into high gear. The person with his hands firmly on the wheel of this reform is Democratic Party of Japan Secretary General Ichiro Ozawa.
国会改革の論議が本格化してきた。旗振り役は小沢民主党幹事長だ。
"Breaking the domination of the bureaucracy must start at the Diet," Ozawa said. "I also want to revise the Diet Law to make parliament a place where lawmakers discuss policies among one another."
小沢氏は、「『脱官僚支配』は国会から始めなければいけない。政治家同士で議論できる国会にするため国会法の改正もしたい」と語っている。
We hope members of both ruling and opposition parties will discuss this issue in detail.
与野党でしっかり協議してもらいたい。
One pillar of Ozawa's Diet reform plan is to remove bureaucrats from debates in the Diet. Ozawa insists that the director general of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau should be no exception to this ejection.
小沢氏の改革案の柱の一つは、国会論戦の場から官僚を排除することである。内閣法制局長官も、その例外ではないと言う。
According to the Diet Law, some bureaucrats--including the director general of the bureau and the president of the National Personnel Authority--are allowed to attend Diet deliberations as special assistants to the government.
国会法で法制局長官は、首相や閣僚を補佐するため、人事院総裁らとともに「政府特別補佐人」として出席が認められている。
The bureau is dubbed "a guardian of the law" because it presents the government view on interpretations of the Constitution and examines bills in light of existing laws.
内閣法制局は、憲法解釈の政府統一見解を示したり、法案を現行法に照らし審査したりすることから「法の番人」とも言われる。
===
Controversial interpretations
The bureau presented the controversial constitutional interpretation that Japan has the right to collective self-defense, but cannot exercise this right. This and some other interpretations put forward by the bureau have undeniably distorted constitutional debates in the past and imposed undue restrictions on Japan's international cooperation and peacekeeping activities.
しかし、内閣法制局が集団的自衛権について、「保持しているが行使できない」とする解釈などを示してきたことが、これまでの憲法論議を歪(ゆが)め、日本の国際平和協力活動に必要以上の制約を課してきたことは否定できない。
During the Persian Gulf crisis in 1990, Ozawa, who was secretary general of the Liberal Democratic Party at that time, claimed the participation of the Self-Defense Forces in the U.N. force was constitutionally possible even if it involved exercising the use of force. However, his assertion was given short shrift by the director general of the bureau at that time.
小沢氏も、自民党幹事長時代の湾岸危機の際、「自衛隊の国連軍参加は、武力行使を伴う場合でも憲法上可能」と主張した。だが、当時の内閣法制局長官の答弁によって否定されている。
Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has said it is strange that the director general's opinion is treated as the be-all and end-all on matters of law. However, Hatoyama does not plan to deviate from the bureau's constitutional interpretation on the right to collective self-defense.
鳩山首相は、集団的自衛権の解釈は変更しないものの、「法制局長官の考え方を金科玉条にするのはおかしい」と語った。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirofumi Hirano also said lawmakers under the Hatoyama Cabinet would make constitutional judgments without being swayed by remarks made by directors general of the bureau in the past. This seems only natural. We strongly support the opinions of the prime minister and the chief cabinet secretary.
平野官房長官も、過去の法制局長官の答弁には縛られず、政治主導で憲法判断をすると表明した。当然のことであり、首相や官房長官の考えを強く支持する。
===
Lawmakers also to blame
The bureau has so far been treated as if it is authorized to determine government interpretations on the Constitution. This must be corrected. Doing so will require imposing restrictions on remarks by the bureau director general.
内閣法制局は、これまで憲法解釈を確定する権限があるかのような扱いを受けてきた。これは改めていかなければならない。そのためには、法制局長官の国会答弁を制限していくことが必要だ。
However, it is wrong to lay the responsibility for all past Diet discussions on the Constitution with the bureau.
ただ、過去の国会における憲法論議の責任をすべて法制局に帰するのは間違いである。
Past administrations ultimately are responsible for that because they punted constitutional interpretations to the bureau, which is just one small section of the Cabinet, and avoided making political judgments to change them.
内閣の一部局に過ぎない法制局に解釈を委ね、憲法解釈を変更するという政治決断を避けてきた歴代政権に、最終的な責任があるのは明らかだからだ。
From now on, lawmakers will be required to make remarks in the Diet based on their own perceptiveness and responsibility--including on changes to constitutional interpretations.
これからは、解釈変更を含め、政治家が、自らの見識と責任において、国会答弁にあたることが肝要になる。
On that premise, it will not be necessary to keep all bureaucrats completely out of Diet deliberations. Bureaucrats should be asked to attend the Diet when details of administrative measures are being discussed and administrative responsibilities are pursued.
それを前提にすれば、官僚を国会審議からすべて締め出す必要はない。行政の細部にわたる施策を聴取し、行政責任を追及する場には、言うまでもなく、官僚の出席を求めるべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 6, 2009)
（2009年11月6日01時15分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun(Nov. 5, 2009)
Ensuring good teachers requires good checkups
教員の質向上策 研修効果を検証し改善進めよ（11月5日付・読売社説）
To raise the quality of education, it is essential to improve the abilities of teachers. Measures such as a teaching improvement program that started last academic year should be reviewed in order to strengthen their effectiveness.
教育の質を高めるには教員の指導力向上が不可欠だ。昨年度から始まった指導改善研修などの効果を検証し、充実していかねばならない。
According to the Education, Science and Technology Ministry, 306 teachers at public primary, middle and high schools were recognized as lacking adequate teaching ability by education boards of each prefecture and major cities last academic year. It was the fourth consecutive year that the number of underperforming teachers has gone down.
文部科学省によると、都道府県と政令市の教育委員会が昨年度、「指導力不足」と認定した公立小中高校などの教員は３０６人で、４年連続で減少した。
These teachers comprise only a tiny fraction of the about 900,000 public school teachers in the nation. But coupled with the existence of teachers who have been punished for misconduct, the issue of a lack of ability in teachers has been one of the reasons for a growing distrust of teachers among the public.
公立校教員約９０万人のごく一部だが、不祥事で懲戒処分を受ける教員の存在と相まって、教員不信を高める要因になっている。
===
Revising criteria
Local education boards had been entrusted with judging under their own standards the competence of their teachers, and were responsible for providing training for improvement.
指導力不足の教員については、これまで各教委が独自の基準で判定し、研修を行っていた。
However, starting last academic year, boards of education are now required by law to provide improvement training for teachers deemed insufficient in teaching skills. The education ministry also has listed examples of teaching practices that are regarded as lacking.
昨年度からは法律で教委に指導改善研修の実施が義務づけられ、文科省が基準の具体例を示した。
Teachers considered ill-qualified are those who are unable to make appropriate curriculum instructions, give appropriate guidance and counseling for students and manage classroom operations. Improvement training programs include mock lessons. If these teachers fail to show any improvement after undergoing as much as two years of training, education boards can take such measures as transferring or dismissing them.
指導力不足と認定されるのは、学習指導や生徒指導、学級運営を適切にできない教員だ。指導改善研修では模擬授業などを行い、最長２年間で改善しないと、教委が免職や転任などの措置を取る。
This system was introduced because it was decided that the license renewal system for teachers, which began this academic year, would focus on encouraging teachers to obtain up-to-date knowledge and skills rather than removing ill-qualified teachers. These new goals dictate a strict evaluation of a teacher's ability.
教員免許更新制の目的が、不適格教員の排除から最新の知識・技能を教員に身につけさせることに変わったため、この研修が導入された。それだけに指導力不足の認定は厳格でなければならない。
Only about 40 percent of boards of education provide training programs for teachers who have problem areas among their otherwise adequate abilities. Boards of education that have yet to offer such training programs should be proactive and introduce such schemes.
指導力不足とまでは言えないが課題のある教員に、研修を行っている教委は４割未満だ。未実施の教委は積極的に導入すべきだ。
===
Educating the educators
Of the about 24,000 new teachers who started working last academic year, those not officially hired after a one-year probation period was a record high 315, nearly three times the figure five years ago. Almost 30 percent of these teachers quit voluntarily, citing mental illness such as depression.
新任教員約２万４０００人中、１年間の条件付き採用期間を経て正式採用されなかったのは、５年前の３倍近い過去最多の３１５人に上った。３割近くはうつ病など心の病による依願退職である。
Some education boards have taken such measures as setting up forums for information exchange among principals of schools that have taken on first-time teachers and the incorporation of mental health issues in training programs for new teachers. These efforts need to be made more widely available.
一部の教委では、新任教員が赴任した学校の校長を集めて情報交換の場を設けたり、初任者研修に「心の健康」に関する内容を盛り込んだりしている。こうした取り組みを広げる必要があろう。
The administration of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama intends to extend the duration of teacher-training courses from the current four years to six years, aiming to improve teacher quality. The plan is intended to extend the amount of classroom training for would-be teachers.
新政権は、教員の質向上のため教員養成課程を４年間から６年間に延ばす方針だ。教育実習期間などを長くするためという。
But how many universities could offer such a six-year course and the full-time staff to run it? It would also mean increased tuition burdens on students. The envisaged system could backfire, resulting in a drop in the number of applications to become teachers, lower competition ratios in teacher employment examinations and a reluctance among motivated and skilled people to choose a career in teaching.
だが、６年制の課程と専任の教授陣を用意できる大学は、どれほどあるのか。学生の学費負担も増す。志願者が減り、採用試験の倍率も下がって、意欲のある優秀な人材が敬遠しては本末転倒だ。
It is necessary to carefully examine the merits and demerits of such extended courses, and decide whether they would actually help enhance teachers' quality.
本当に質の向上につながるのかその功罪を見極めるべきだ。
Next spring, first-time teachers will complete their studies at graduate schools for education that opened from last academic year. The end of the two-year maximum period for improvement programs also is approaching. We hope the effectiveness of courses and training programs will be closely checked and that the results of the review process will be used to improve the teacher training courses and teacher employment examinations.
来春には、昨年度から開設されている教職大学院を経て教員になる新卒者が出る。最長２年とされた指導改善研修の期限も来る。授業や研修の効果を点検し、その結果を教員養成課程や採用試験の改善に生かしてもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 5, 2009)
（2009年11月5日01時30分 読売新聞）
Ensuring good teachers requires good checkups
教員の質向上策 研修効果を検証し改善進めよ（11月5日付・読売社説）
To raise the quality of education, it is essential to improve the abilities of teachers. Measures such as a teaching improvement program that started last academic year should be reviewed in order to strengthen their effectiveness.
教育の質を高めるには教員の指導力向上が不可欠だ。昨年度から始まった指導改善研修などの効果を検証し、充実していかねばならない。
According to the Education, Science and Technology Ministry, 306 teachers at public primary, middle and high schools were recognized as lacking adequate teaching ability by education boards of each prefecture and major cities last academic year. It was the fourth consecutive year that the number of underperforming teachers has gone down.
文部科学省によると、都道府県と政令市の教育委員会が昨年度、「指導力不足」と認定した公立小中高校などの教員は３０６人で、４年連続で減少した。
These teachers comprise only a tiny fraction of the about 900,000 public school teachers in the nation. But coupled with the existence of teachers who have been punished for misconduct, the issue of a lack of ability in teachers has been one of the reasons for a growing distrust of teachers among the public.
公立校教員約９０万人のごく一部だが、不祥事で懲戒処分を受ける教員の存在と相まって、教員不信を高める要因になっている。
===
Revising criteria
Local education boards had been entrusted with judging under their own standards the competence of their teachers, and were responsible for providing training for improvement.
指導力不足の教員については、これまで各教委が独自の基準で判定し、研修を行っていた。
However, starting last academic year, boards of education are now required by law to provide improvement training for teachers deemed insufficient in teaching skills. The education ministry also has listed examples of teaching practices that are regarded as lacking.
昨年度からは法律で教委に指導改善研修の実施が義務づけられ、文科省が基準の具体例を示した。
Teachers considered ill-qualified are those who are unable to make appropriate curriculum instructions, give appropriate guidance and counseling for students and manage classroom operations. Improvement training programs include mock lessons. If these teachers fail to show any improvement after undergoing as much as two years of training, education boards can take such measures as transferring or dismissing them.
指導力不足と認定されるのは、学習指導や生徒指導、学級運営を適切にできない教員だ。指導改善研修では模擬授業などを行い、最長２年間で改善しないと、教委が免職や転任などの措置を取る。
This system was introduced because it was decided that the license renewal system for teachers, which began this academic year, would focus on encouraging teachers to obtain up-to-date knowledge and skills rather than removing ill-qualified teachers. These new goals dictate a strict evaluation of a teacher's ability.
教員免許更新制の目的が、不適格教員の排除から最新の知識・技能を教員に身につけさせることに変わったため、この研修が導入された。それだけに指導力不足の認定は厳格でなければならない。
Only about 40 percent of boards of education provide training programs for teachers who have problem areas among their otherwise adequate abilities. Boards of education that have yet to offer such training programs should be proactive and introduce such schemes.
指導力不足とまでは言えないが課題のある教員に、研修を行っている教委は４割未満だ。未実施の教委は積極的に導入すべきだ。
===
Educating the educators
Of the about 24,000 new teachers who started working last academic year, those not officially hired after a one-year probation period was a record high 315, nearly three times the figure five years ago. Almost 30 percent of these teachers quit voluntarily, citing mental illness such as depression.
新任教員約２万４０００人中、１年間の条件付き採用期間を経て正式採用されなかったのは、５年前の３倍近い過去最多の３１５人に上った。３割近くはうつ病など心の病による依願退職である。
Some education boards have taken such measures as setting up forums for information exchange among principals of schools that have taken on first-time teachers and the incorporation of mental health issues in training programs for new teachers. These efforts need to be made more widely available.
一部の教委では、新任教員が赴任した学校の校長を集めて情報交換の場を設けたり、初任者研修に「心の健康」に関する内容を盛り込んだりしている。こうした取り組みを広げる必要があろう。
The administration of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama intends to extend the duration of teacher-training courses from the current four years to six years, aiming to improve teacher quality. The plan is intended to extend the amount of classroom training for would-be teachers.
新政権は、教員の質向上のため教員養成課程を４年間から６年間に延ばす方針だ。教育実習期間などを長くするためという。
But how many universities could offer such a six-year course and the full-time staff to run it? It would also mean increased tuition burdens on students. The envisaged system could backfire, resulting in a drop in the number of applications to become teachers, lower competition ratios in teacher employment examinations and a reluctance among motivated and skilled people to choose a career in teaching.
だが、６年制の課程と専任の教授陣を用意できる大学は、どれほどあるのか。学生の学費負担も増す。志願者が減り、採用試験の倍率も下がって、意欲のある優秀な人材が敬遠しては本末転倒だ。
It is necessary to carefully examine the merits and demerits of such extended courses, and decide whether they would actually help enhance teachers' quality.
本当に質の向上につながるのかその功罪を見極めるべきだ。
Next spring, first-time teachers will complete their studies at graduate schools for education that opened from last academic year. The end of the two-year maximum period for improvement programs also is approaching. We hope the effectiveness of courses and training programs will be closely checked and that the results of the review process will be used to improve the teacher training courses and teacher employment examinations.
来春には、昨年度から開設されている教職大学院を経て教員になる新卒者が出る。最長２年とされた指導改善研修の期限も来る。授業や研修の効果を点検し、その結果を教員養成課程や採用試験の改善に生かしてもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 5, 2009)
（2009年11月5日01時30分 読売新聞）
ご挨拶 （１１月４日）
９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症18日にMRAの診断を受けました。
右手がしびれてしまって以前のようには素早くタイプできなくなりましたが、
命にかかわるほどではありませんでした。
現在リハビリ中で、脳内血管につまったコレステロールなどの不純物を溶かす薬を服用しています。
早期発見できたことは大変に幸運なことであると医者も申しておりました。
今後とも英字新聞のご愛読のほど、よろしくお願いいたします。
srachai from khonkaen, thailand
The Yomiuri Shimbun(Nov. 4, 2009)
Toll-free roads may hurt local transportation
高速道路無料化 地方の足が奪われかねない（11月4日付・読売社説）
Railroad, shipping and bus companies are opposing the decision by the Cabinet of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama to in principle end expressway tolls, saying that the move will deprive them of their customers.
高速道路を原則無料化する鳩山内閣の方針に、鉄道、海運、バス業界などが、「利用者が奪われる」と反発している。
They insist that even the discount on expressway tolls, a measure launched under the previous government of the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeito, has had a significant impact on their business. They argue that they would lose more customers in the event expressways are made toll-free and that they would become unable to maintain their regional transportation networks.
自公政権が始めた高速料金の割引でさえ影響は大きく、無料になればさらに客離れが進み、地方交通網が維持できなくなる、という主張だ。
If regional public transportation wanes, "those who are disadvantaged in terms of transportation," or those who cannot afford to own or drive cars, will lose their means of transportation in their daily lives. Though the government said it would pay full attention to the plan's impact on other means of transportation, it has yet to present concrete measures.
地方公共交通が衰退すれば、車を利用できない「交通弱者」は暮らしの足を失う。政府は「他の交通機関への影響には十分配慮する」としているが、その具体策は示されていない。
In the first place, toll-free expressways involve certain problems. It will become necessary to inject taxpayers' money to repay a massive amount of debts owed by the former Japan Highway Public Corporation and other entities concerned. In addition, the policy, which will certainly increase overall automobile use, runs counter to measures to tackle global warming.
そもそも高速道路を無料化すれば、旧道路公団などの巨額の債務返済に税金投入が必要になる上、交通量が増えて地球温暖化対策と矛盾する。
===
Costly plan
In the face of such criticism, Hatoyama said he would phase in implementation of the toll-free expressway plan. But such an approach does not change the fact that the government will have to spend 1.3 trillion yen annually in the end.
こうした批判を受け、鳩山首相は、無料化は段階的に実施していく考えを表明したが、最終的に年間１・３兆円の税金を使うことに変わりはない。
The government should first consider what form its comprehensive transportation policy will take before ending expressway tolls. Its principles on road improvement and maintenance and the toll system need to be reviewed as part of that process.
政府は高速無料化を進める前に、まず、総合的な交通政策の在り方を考えなければならない。その中で、道路の整備方針や料金体系などを見直していくべきだ。
To deal with the criticism that expressway tolls are too high, the government could improve the discount system and change toll standards for individual regions. It is important for the government to flexibly deal with the issue, rather than sticking to the principle of toll-free expressways.
高速道路料金が高すぎるという批判に対しては、割引制度の充実や、地域ごとの料金水準の変更といった手もある。はじめに無料化ありきではなく、柔軟に対応する姿勢が大事だ。
Six Japan Railways Group passenger rail companies project that their combined annual revenues would decline 75 billion yen once the government has eliminated expressway tolls. The plan is expected to adversely affect Hokkaido Railway Co. and Shikoku Railway Co. in particular, as they operate many lines running parallel to expressways. The JR firms are afraid they will be forced to close such lines.
ＪＲ各社は、高速道路が無料化されれば、旅客６社であわせて年間７５０億円の減収になるとみている。高速道路と並行する路線が多いＪＲ北海道、四国の影響は特に深刻で、廃線が相次ぐ可能性が高いという。
===
Spreading effect
Expressway toll discounts, which started this spring, already have had a significant impact on the ferry industry, with some firms having collapsed and others forced to cut their workforce.
春からの高速料金割引の影響で、すでにフェリー業界では倒産や人減らしが相次いでいる。
The profitability of express bus services has deteriorated because customers have chosen to drive their own cars due to lower expressway tolls. As a result, they now find it inevitable to reduce or even end services on regular routes, which have been maintained with profits from their express bus services.
バス業界ではマイカーに客を奪われて高速バスの採算が悪化し、その利益で維持してきた路線バスの減便や廃止が避けられない状況だ。
As for the economic revitalization program stressed by the Democratic Party of Japan, many observers point out that it would accelerate the so-called straw effect, or a movement of economic activity from economically weak to economically strong areas with shoppers in regional areas heading into urban areas and regional economies further deteriorating.
民主党が強調する経済活性化についても、「地方の買い物客が都市部に流れる『ストロー現象』が進み、かえって地方経済は衰退する」という指摘が多い。
European countries and the United States are set to adopt policies of reducing the use of cars by charging expressway tolls and upgrading high-speed railway services, for the purpose of cutting carbon dioxide emissions.
欧米では、高速道路を有料にしたり、高速鉄道の整備を進めたりして車の利用を減らし、二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）の排出を抑える政策を取りつつある。
In Germany, the government began collecting tolls from some large vehicles on the autobahn, which was previously free for all vehicles. The United States has a plan to build a high-speed railroad modeled after Japan's Shinkansen.
無料だったドイツのアウトバーンも、大型車の一部は有料になった。米国には、日本の新幹線をモデルにした高速鉄道計画もある。
The government should be aware that the toll-free expressway plan runs counter to such global trends.
高速無料化はこうした世界の流れに逆行する政策であることを、政府は認識すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 4, 2009)
（2009年11月4日00時53分 読売新聞）
９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症18日にMRAの診断を受けました。
右手がしびれてしまって以前のようには素早くタイプできなくなりましたが、
命にかかわるほどではありませんでした。
現在リハビリ中で、脳内血管につまったコレステロールなどの不純物を溶かす薬を服用しています。
早期発見できたことは大変に幸運なことであると医者も申しておりました。
今後とも英字新聞のご愛読のほど、よろしくお願いいたします。
srachai from khonkaen, thailand
The Yomiuri Shimbun(Nov. 4, 2009)
Toll-free roads may hurt local transportation
高速道路無料化 地方の足が奪われかねない（11月4日付・読売社説）
Railroad, shipping and bus companies are opposing the decision by the Cabinet of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama to in principle end expressway tolls, saying that the move will deprive them of their customers.
高速道路を原則無料化する鳩山内閣の方針に、鉄道、海運、バス業界などが、「利用者が奪われる」と反発している。
They insist that even the discount on expressway tolls, a measure launched under the previous government of the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeito, has had a significant impact on their business. They argue that they would lose more customers in the event expressways are made toll-free and that they would become unable to maintain their regional transportation networks.
自公政権が始めた高速料金の割引でさえ影響は大きく、無料になればさらに客離れが進み、地方交通網が維持できなくなる、という主張だ。
If regional public transportation wanes, "those who are disadvantaged in terms of transportation," or those who cannot afford to own or drive cars, will lose their means of transportation in their daily lives. Though the government said it would pay full attention to the plan's impact on other means of transportation, it has yet to present concrete measures.
地方公共交通が衰退すれば、車を利用できない「交通弱者」は暮らしの足を失う。政府は「他の交通機関への影響には十分配慮する」としているが、その具体策は示されていない。
In the first place, toll-free expressways involve certain problems. It will become necessary to inject taxpayers' money to repay a massive amount of debts owed by the former Japan Highway Public Corporation and other entities concerned. In addition, the policy, which will certainly increase overall automobile use, runs counter to measures to tackle global warming.
そもそも高速道路を無料化すれば、旧道路公団などの巨額の債務返済に税金投入が必要になる上、交通量が増えて地球温暖化対策と矛盾する。
===
Costly plan
In the face of such criticism, Hatoyama said he would phase in implementation of the toll-free expressway plan. But such an approach does not change the fact that the government will have to spend 1.3 trillion yen annually in the end.
こうした批判を受け、鳩山首相は、無料化は段階的に実施していく考えを表明したが、最終的に年間１・３兆円の税金を使うことに変わりはない。
The government should first consider what form its comprehensive transportation policy will take before ending expressway tolls. Its principles on road improvement and maintenance and the toll system need to be reviewed as part of that process.
政府は高速無料化を進める前に、まず、総合的な交通政策の在り方を考えなければならない。その中で、道路の整備方針や料金体系などを見直していくべきだ。
To deal with the criticism that expressway tolls are too high, the government could improve the discount system and change toll standards for individual regions. It is important for the government to flexibly deal with the issue, rather than sticking to the principle of toll-free expressways.
高速道路料金が高すぎるという批判に対しては、割引制度の充実や、地域ごとの料金水準の変更といった手もある。はじめに無料化ありきではなく、柔軟に対応する姿勢が大事だ。
Six Japan Railways Group passenger rail companies project that their combined annual revenues would decline 75 billion yen once the government has eliminated expressway tolls. The plan is expected to adversely affect Hokkaido Railway Co. and Shikoku Railway Co. in particular, as they operate many lines running parallel to expressways. The JR firms are afraid they will be forced to close such lines.
ＪＲ各社は、高速道路が無料化されれば、旅客６社であわせて年間７５０億円の減収になるとみている。高速道路と並行する路線が多いＪＲ北海道、四国の影響は特に深刻で、廃線が相次ぐ可能性が高いという。
===
Spreading effect
Expressway toll discounts, which started this spring, already have had a significant impact on the ferry industry, with some firms having collapsed and others forced to cut their workforce.
春からの高速料金割引の影響で、すでにフェリー業界では倒産や人減らしが相次いでいる。
The profitability of express bus services has deteriorated because customers have chosen to drive their own cars due to lower expressway tolls. As a result, they now find it inevitable to reduce or even end services on regular routes, which have been maintained with profits from their express bus services.
バス業界ではマイカーに客を奪われて高速バスの採算が悪化し、その利益で維持してきた路線バスの減便や廃止が避けられない状況だ。
As for the economic revitalization program stressed by the Democratic Party of Japan, many observers point out that it would accelerate the so-called straw effect, or a movement of economic activity from economically weak to economically strong areas with shoppers in regional areas heading into urban areas and regional economies further deteriorating.
民主党が強調する経済活性化についても、「地方の買い物客が都市部に流れる『ストロー現象』が進み、かえって地方経済は衰退する」という指摘が多い。
European countries and the United States are set to adopt policies of reducing the use of cars by charging expressway tolls and upgrading high-speed railway services, for the purpose of cutting carbon dioxide emissions.
欧米では、高速道路を有料にしたり、高速鉄道の整備を進めたりして車の利用を減らし、二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）の排出を抑える政策を取りつつある。
In Germany, the government began collecting tolls from some large vehicles on the autobahn, which was previously free for all vehicles. The United States has a plan to build a high-speed railroad modeled after Japan's Shinkansen.
無料だったドイツのアウトバーンも、大型車の一部は有料になった。米国には、日本の新幹線をモデルにした高速鉄道計画もある。
The government should be aware that the toll-free expressway plan runs counter to such global trends.
高速無料化はこうした世界の流れに逆行する政策であることを、政府は認識すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Nov. 4, 2009)
（2009年11月4日00時53分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun(Oct. 14, 2009)
Haneda natural choice as hub airport
羽田空港 ハブ化推進は当然の選択だ（10月14日付・読売社説）
Will Japan's air gateway return from Narita to Haneda Airport?
日本の空の玄関が、成田から羽田に戻ることになるのだろうか。
Construction and Transport Minister Seiji Maehara said his top priority is turning Haneda Airport into a hub for international flights that can operate on a 24-hour basis.
前原国土交通相が、羽田空港を２４時間稼働する国際拠点（ハブ）空港として、最優先で整備していく考えを示した。
Haneda Airport is scheduled to open its fourth runway in October 2010. Maehara said the practice of routing most international flights bound for Tokyo to Narita Airport in Chiba Prefecture and most domestic flights to Haneda Airport would be eliminated with the opening of the fourth runway at Haneda and that there would be a sharp increase in the number of international flights to and from Haneda Airport.
来年１０月に４本目の滑走路ができるのを機に、「国際線は成田、国内線は羽田」という「内際分離」の原則を取り払い、羽田発着の国際線の便数を大幅に増やす。
It is difficult to increase the departure and arrival slots at Narita Airport by a significant number due to the many operational restrictions at the facility. Turning Haneda Airport, which is in the Tokyo metropolitan area, into a hub for international flights is quite a natural choice from the perspective of convenience. The government should proceed with discussions for the realization of the proposal.
運営上の制約が多い成田空港の発着枠は大幅増が難しい。利便性を考えても、都心に近い羽田の拠点空港化は当然の選択だ。実現に向け協議を進めるべきである。
The advantage of a hub airport is that international and domestic flights converge there and connecting flights for passengers and air freight are available in a single location.
国際線と国内線が集中し、客や荷物の乗り継ぎが一度にできるのが拠点空港の利点だ。
===
International competition
South Korea, China and other Asian countries have developed as a national project an airport with multiple runways that can operate on a 24-hour basis to attract visitors and goods from abroad.
韓国や中国などは、国を挙げて複数の滑走路を持つ２４時間発着可能な空港を整備し、海外から人やモノを呼び込もうとしている。
Although construction work to extend the second runway at Narita Airport will soon be completed, there will be little increase in the departure and arrival slots. The airport's weaknesses are that it is far from the Tokyo metropolitan area and cannot operate early in the morning and late at night due to noise prevention measures.
これに対して成田空港では、間もなく２本目の滑走路の延伸工事が完了するが、それでも発着枠はいくらも増えない。都心から遠く、騒音防止のため深夜・早朝の発着ができないという弱点もある。
If Japan sticks to the principle of separating domestic and international services between the airports, the nation could be removed from the Asian aviation network. If most of increase in the departure and arrival slots at Haneda Airport is assigned to international flights, the airport would be able to function well as a hub airport.
いつまでも内際分離にこだわっていては、日本がアジアの航空ネットワークから外れかねない。発着枠増加分の大半を国際線に振り向ければ、羽田は拠点空港として十分機能するだろう。
However, Narita Airport opened despite fierce opposition to its construction. Many flights to and from Haneda Airport, which will be increased, will fly over Chiba Prefecture. It is necessary to give due consideration to noise prevention and gain the consent of the Chiba prefectural and Narita municipal governments.
ただ、成田は激しい建設反対運動を押し切って開港した経緯がある。増便される羽田発着の航空機の多くは、千葉県上空を飛ぶことになる。騒音対策も十分に考慮し、成田の地元である千葉県や成田市の同意を得る必要がある。
===
Narita still necessary
Maehara said Narita Airport will continue to be used as an international airport. Just opening Haneda Airport to international traffic will not be sufficient to meet the increasing demand for international flights.
前原国交相は、「成田は引き続き国際空港として活用する」としている。増え続ける国際線の需要を満たすには、羽田の国際化だけでは不十分である。
There are many overseas airlines that seek an extension of services into Narita and Haneda airports. The improvement of Narita Airport should also be steadily promoted.
成田や羽田に乗り入れを求める海外の航空会社は数多い。成田の整備も着実に進めるべきだ。
The influence of turning Haneda Airport into a hub for international flights will not be limited to airports in the Tokyo area. The impact on Kansai Airport, where the number of passengers has been decreasing, will be severe.
羽田の拠点空港化の影響は、首都圏の空港にとどまらない。特に旅客減が続く関西空港の経営は、厳しさを増しそうだ。
The management of Kansai Airport is struggling under the weight of more than 1 trillion yen in interest-bearing debts. Furthermore, Japan Airlines is considering sharply decreasing its number of flights to and from the airport. The central and related local governments must take drastic reconstruction measures, such as assuming responsibility for repaying debts from the airport company.
１兆円を超える有利子負債が空港経営を圧迫する中、経営難に陥っている日本航空も大幅な減便を計画している。国や地元自治体による債務の肩代わりなど、抜本的な再建策が欠かせまい。
But if there is no change in the situation in which Itami Airport and Kobe Airport are competing for passengers, the revitalization of Kansai Airport will be difficult even with a decreased debt load.
だが、伊丹、神戸両空港と客を奪い合う状況が変わらなければ、債務が減っても立て直しは難しい。
A review of aviation administration in the Kansai region, with an eye to the possible shutting down or a drastic downsizing of Itami Airport, is a basic premise for the support measures.
伊丹の廃止・大幅縮小も視野に入れ、関西の空港行政を見直すことが支援の大前提となる。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 14, 2009)
（2009年10月14日00時14分 読売新聞）
Haneda natural choice as hub airport
羽田空港 ハブ化推進は当然の選択だ（10月14日付・読売社説）
Will Japan's air gateway return from Narita to Haneda Airport?
日本の空の玄関が、成田から羽田に戻ることになるのだろうか。
Construction and Transport Minister Seiji Maehara said his top priority is turning Haneda Airport into a hub for international flights that can operate on a 24-hour basis.
前原国土交通相が、羽田空港を２４時間稼働する国際拠点（ハブ）空港として、最優先で整備していく考えを示した。
Haneda Airport is scheduled to open its fourth runway in October 2010. Maehara said the practice of routing most international flights bound for Tokyo to Narita Airport in Chiba Prefecture and most domestic flights to Haneda Airport would be eliminated with the opening of the fourth runway at Haneda and that there would be a sharp increase in the number of international flights to and from Haneda Airport.
来年１０月に４本目の滑走路ができるのを機に、「国際線は成田、国内線は羽田」という「内際分離」の原則を取り払い、羽田発着の国際線の便数を大幅に増やす。
It is difficult to increase the departure and arrival slots at Narita Airport by a significant number due to the many operational restrictions at the facility. Turning Haneda Airport, which is in the Tokyo metropolitan area, into a hub for international flights is quite a natural choice from the perspective of convenience. The government should proceed with discussions for the realization of the proposal.
運営上の制約が多い成田空港の発着枠は大幅増が難しい。利便性を考えても、都心に近い羽田の拠点空港化は当然の選択だ。実現に向け協議を進めるべきである。
The advantage of a hub airport is that international and domestic flights converge there and connecting flights for passengers and air freight are available in a single location.
国際線と国内線が集中し、客や荷物の乗り継ぎが一度にできるのが拠点空港の利点だ。
===
International competition
South Korea, China and other Asian countries have developed as a national project an airport with multiple runways that can operate on a 24-hour basis to attract visitors and goods from abroad.
韓国や中国などは、国を挙げて複数の滑走路を持つ２４時間発着可能な空港を整備し、海外から人やモノを呼び込もうとしている。
Although construction work to extend the second runway at Narita Airport will soon be completed, there will be little increase in the departure and arrival slots. The airport's weaknesses are that it is far from the Tokyo metropolitan area and cannot operate early in the morning and late at night due to noise prevention measures.
これに対して成田空港では、間もなく２本目の滑走路の延伸工事が完了するが、それでも発着枠はいくらも増えない。都心から遠く、騒音防止のため深夜・早朝の発着ができないという弱点もある。
If Japan sticks to the principle of separating domestic and international services between the airports, the nation could be removed from the Asian aviation network. If most of increase in the departure and arrival slots at Haneda Airport is assigned to international flights, the airport would be able to function well as a hub airport.
いつまでも内際分離にこだわっていては、日本がアジアの航空ネットワークから外れかねない。発着枠増加分の大半を国際線に振り向ければ、羽田は拠点空港として十分機能するだろう。
However, Narita Airport opened despite fierce opposition to its construction. Many flights to and from Haneda Airport, which will be increased, will fly over Chiba Prefecture. It is necessary to give due consideration to noise prevention and gain the consent of the Chiba prefectural and Narita municipal governments.
ただ、成田は激しい建設反対運動を押し切って開港した経緯がある。増便される羽田発着の航空機の多くは、千葉県上空を飛ぶことになる。騒音対策も十分に考慮し、成田の地元である千葉県や成田市の同意を得る必要がある。
===
Narita still necessary
Maehara said Narita Airport will continue to be used as an international airport. Just opening Haneda Airport to international traffic will not be sufficient to meet the increasing demand for international flights.
前原国交相は、「成田は引き続き国際空港として活用する」としている。増え続ける国際線の需要を満たすには、羽田の国際化だけでは不十分である。
There are many overseas airlines that seek an extension of services into Narita and Haneda airports. The improvement of Narita Airport should also be steadily promoted.
成田や羽田に乗り入れを求める海外の航空会社は数多い。成田の整備も着実に進めるべきだ。
The influence of turning Haneda Airport into a hub for international flights will not be limited to airports in the Tokyo area. The impact on Kansai Airport, where the number of passengers has been decreasing, will be severe.
羽田の拠点空港化の影響は、首都圏の空港にとどまらない。特に旅客減が続く関西空港の経営は、厳しさを増しそうだ。
The management of Kansai Airport is struggling under the weight of more than 1 trillion yen in interest-bearing debts. Furthermore, Japan Airlines is considering sharply decreasing its number of flights to and from the airport. The central and related local governments must take drastic reconstruction measures, such as assuming responsibility for repaying debts from the airport company.
１兆円を超える有利子負債が空港経営を圧迫する中、経営難に陥っている日本航空も大幅な減便を計画している。国や地元自治体による債務の肩代わりなど、抜本的な再建策が欠かせまい。
But if there is no change in the situation in which Itami Airport and Kobe Airport are competing for passengers, the revitalization of Kansai Airport will be difficult even with a decreased debt load.
だが、伊丹、神戸両空港と客を奪い合う状況が変わらなければ、債務が減っても立て直しは難しい。
A review of aviation administration in the Kansai region, with an eye to the possible shutting down or a drastic downsizing of Itami Airport, is a basic premise for the support measures.
伊丹の廃止・大幅縮小も視野に入れ、関西の空港行政を見直すことが支援の大前提となる。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 14, 2009)
（2009年10月14日00時14分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun(Oct. 10, 2009)
Suffrage for foreigners could court trouble
外国人参政権 地方に限っても禍根を残す（10月10日付・読売社説）
Giving foreign nationals the right to vote, even in local elections only, is problematic from the standpoints of what is stipulated in the Constitution and the fundamental roles of the state.
地方選挙に限るとしても、外国人に参政権を認めることは、憲法の規定や国のあり方という観点から、問題が大きい。
Regarding the granting of local suffrage to permanent foreign residents in Japan, Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama said Friday, "I personally want to come to a conclusion in a forward-looking manner."
鳩山首相が、ソウルでの日韓首脳共同会見で、永住外国人への地方選挙権付与について、「私個人の意見としては、前向きに結論を出したい」と述べた。
Hatoyama's remark was made in response to a question put forward by a reporter from the South Korean media at a joint press conference held with South Korean President Lee Myung Bak after their meeting in Seoul.
"People's feelings and thoughts aren't necessarily unified," Hatoyama later added, apparently out of awareness that views on this issue are sharply divided in Japan.
韓国側の記者の質問に答えたもので、首相は「国民感情は必ずしも統一されていない」とも付け加えた。日本国内の議論が割れていることを意識したのだろう。
The Democratic Party of Japan included the granting of local suffrage to permanent foreign residents in its basic policies when the party was formed in 1998. Besides Hatoyama, DPJ Secretary General Ichiro Ozawa and Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada are among party members who support the policy.
民主党は、１９９８年の結党時の基本政策に、永住外国人への地方選挙権付与の実現を掲げた。首相のほか、小沢幹事長や岡田外相など推進派が少なくない。
===
1995 ruling was clear-cut
The 1995 Supreme Court ruling on a lawsuit in which a group of South Korean residents in Japan sought local suffrage has stoked the arguments made by advocates of local suffrage for permanent foreign residents. The ruling's obiter dictum remarks said granting foreign residents local suffrage is not prohibited under the Constitution and that the matter concerns the nation's legislative policies.
選挙権付与に積極的な論者が根拠とするのは、在日韓国人が地方選挙権を求めた訴訟での９５年最高裁判決だ。傍論部分で、憲法上は禁止されておらず、国の立法政策にかかわる問題としている。
However, the main part of the ruling said the people's right to select and dismiss public officials under Article 15 of the Constitution rests with "Japanese people," that is, Japanese nationals. The ruling also said that "residents"--people who elect heads of local governments and members of local assemblies as stipulated under Article 93 of the Constitution--refer to people who have Japanese nationality.
だが、判決の本論は、国民主権の原理に立って、憲法１５条の公務員を選定・罷免する権利は、日本国籍を持つ「日本国民」にあると明示した。９３条の地方自治体の首長・議員を選出する「住民」も日本国民を指すとしている。
Citing only the obiter dictum, which is a nonlegally binding supportive argument, as legal grounds for foreign suffrage is absurd.
法的拘束力のない傍論だけを根拠にするのは強引過ぎる。
It is also a stretch to argue that opinions of foreign residents should be reflected in local public services by giving them the right to vote in local elections. This is because local governments are closely entwined in issues that pertain to the nation's basic policies.
外国人に地方選挙権を与えて、地域住民への公共サービスに外国人の意見を反映できるようにしてよいのではないか、という主張にも無理がある。地方自治体は、国の基本政策に関する問題にも密接にかかわるからだ。
The law regarding the nation's response to attacks by foreign forces and the law to protect people's lives and assets in such attacks and other emergencies both stipulate that the central and local governments should cooperate in such contingencies. It is not unfathomable that permanent foreign residents who are nationals of countries hostile to Japan could disrupt or undermine local governments' cooperation with the central government by wielding influence through voting in local elections.
武力攻撃事態法や国民保護法は有事における国と自治体の協力を定めている。日本に敵対する国の国籍を持つ永住外国人が選挙を通じて、自治体の国への協力を妨げることもありえよう。
===
ROK decision was for ROK
South Korea granted local suffrage to permanent foreign residents in 2005. So far only a handful of Japanese residents in South Korea have been given the right to vote there.
韓国は２００５年に在韓永住外国人に地方選挙権を付与した。だが、在韓日本人で選挙権を付与されたのはごくわずかだ。
There are about 420,000 permanent foreign residents in Japan. Arguing that Japan should grant foreign residents local suffrage just because South Korea allows its foreign residents to vote is beside the point.
日本の永住外国人は約４２万人に上る。韓国が認めたのだから、という議論は成り立たない。
South Korea in February granted South Korean nationals living abroad the right to vote in national elections.
韓国は今年２月、在外韓国人に国政選挙権を与えた。
If Japan lets foreign residents vote in local elections, South Korean residents in Japan could vote for a president and parliamentary members of South Korea as well as for governors, mayors and local assembly members in Japan. Whether such dual voting rights should be permitted opens up another can of worms altogether.
日本が地方選挙権を認めれば、在日韓国人は、韓国で大統領や国会議員に投票できるうえ、日本でも知事や市町村長、地方議員に投票できるようになる。そのような二重選挙権を認めてよいのか、という議論も出てくるだろう。
If non-Japanese want to be granted suffrage, they should obtain Japanese nationality. That is the bottom line.
外国人が参政権を望むなら、やはり、日本国籍を取得するのが筋だ。
Taking rash steps on this issue must not be allowed as they could open the door to perilous problems in the future.
拙速な判断で、将来に禍根を残してはならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 10, 2009)
（2009年10月10日01時19分 読売新聞）
Suffrage for foreigners could court trouble
外国人参政権 地方に限っても禍根を残す（10月10日付・読売社説）
Giving foreign nationals the right to vote, even in local elections only, is problematic from the standpoints of what is stipulated in the Constitution and the fundamental roles of the state.
地方選挙に限るとしても、外国人に参政権を認めることは、憲法の規定や国のあり方という観点から、問題が大きい。
Regarding the granting of local suffrage to permanent foreign residents in Japan, Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama said Friday, "I personally want to come to a conclusion in a forward-looking manner."
鳩山首相が、ソウルでの日韓首脳共同会見で、永住外国人への地方選挙権付与について、「私個人の意見としては、前向きに結論を出したい」と述べた。
Hatoyama's remark was made in response to a question put forward by a reporter from the South Korean media at a joint press conference held with South Korean President Lee Myung Bak after their meeting in Seoul.
"People's feelings and thoughts aren't necessarily unified," Hatoyama later added, apparently out of awareness that views on this issue are sharply divided in Japan.
韓国側の記者の質問に答えたもので、首相は「国民感情は必ずしも統一されていない」とも付け加えた。日本国内の議論が割れていることを意識したのだろう。
The Democratic Party of Japan included the granting of local suffrage to permanent foreign residents in its basic policies when the party was formed in 1998. Besides Hatoyama, DPJ Secretary General Ichiro Ozawa and Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada are among party members who support the policy.
民主党は、１９９８年の結党時の基本政策に、永住外国人への地方選挙権付与の実現を掲げた。首相のほか、小沢幹事長や岡田外相など推進派が少なくない。
===
1995 ruling was clear-cut
The 1995 Supreme Court ruling on a lawsuit in which a group of South Korean residents in Japan sought local suffrage has stoked the arguments made by advocates of local suffrage for permanent foreign residents. The ruling's obiter dictum remarks said granting foreign residents local suffrage is not prohibited under the Constitution and that the matter concerns the nation's legislative policies.
選挙権付与に積極的な論者が根拠とするのは、在日韓国人が地方選挙権を求めた訴訟での９５年最高裁判決だ。傍論部分で、憲法上は禁止されておらず、国の立法政策にかかわる問題としている。
However, the main part of the ruling said the people's right to select and dismiss public officials under Article 15 of the Constitution rests with "Japanese people," that is, Japanese nationals. The ruling also said that "residents"--people who elect heads of local governments and members of local assemblies as stipulated under Article 93 of the Constitution--refer to people who have Japanese nationality.
だが、判決の本論は、国民主権の原理に立って、憲法１５条の公務員を選定・罷免する権利は、日本国籍を持つ「日本国民」にあると明示した。９３条の地方自治体の首長・議員を選出する「住民」も日本国民を指すとしている。
Citing only the obiter dictum, which is a nonlegally binding supportive argument, as legal grounds for foreign suffrage is absurd.
法的拘束力のない傍論だけを根拠にするのは強引過ぎる。
It is also a stretch to argue that opinions of foreign residents should be reflected in local public services by giving them the right to vote in local elections. This is because local governments are closely entwined in issues that pertain to the nation's basic policies.
外国人に地方選挙権を与えて、地域住民への公共サービスに外国人の意見を反映できるようにしてよいのではないか、という主張にも無理がある。地方自治体は、国の基本政策に関する問題にも密接にかかわるからだ。
The law regarding the nation's response to attacks by foreign forces and the law to protect people's lives and assets in such attacks and other emergencies both stipulate that the central and local governments should cooperate in such contingencies. It is not unfathomable that permanent foreign residents who are nationals of countries hostile to Japan could disrupt or undermine local governments' cooperation with the central government by wielding influence through voting in local elections.
武力攻撃事態法や国民保護法は有事における国と自治体の協力を定めている。日本に敵対する国の国籍を持つ永住外国人が選挙を通じて、自治体の国への協力を妨げることもありえよう。
===
ROK decision was for ROK
South Korea granted local suffrage to permanent foreign residents in 2005. So far only a handful of Japanese residents in South Korea have been given the right to vote there.
韓国は２００５年に在韓永住外国人に地方選挙権を付与した。だが、在韓日本人で選挙権を付与されたのはごくわずかだ。
There are about 420,000 permanent foreign residents in Japan. Arguing that Japan should grant foreign residents local suffrage just because South Korea allows its foreign residents to vote is beside the point.
日本の永住外国人は約４２万人に上る。韓国が認めたのだから、という議論は成り立たない。
South Korea in February granted South Korean nationals living abroad the right to vote in national elections.
韓国は今年２月、在外韓国人に国政選挙権を与えた。
If Japan lets foreign residents vote in local elections, South Korean residents in Japan could vote for a president and parliamentary members of South Korea as well as for governors, mayors and local assembly members in Japan. Whether such dual voting rights should be permitted opens up another can of worms altogether.
日本が地方選挙権を認めれば、在日韓国人は、韓国で大統領や国会議員に投票できるうえ、日本でも知事や市町村長、地方議員に投票できるようになる。そのような二重選挙権を認めてよいのか、という議論も出てくるだろう。
If non-Japanese want to be granted suffrage, they should obtain Japanese nationality. That is the bottom line.
外国人が参政権を望むなら、やはり、日本国籍を取得するのが筋だ。
Taking rash steps on this issue must not be allowed as they could open the door to perilous problems in the future.
拙速な判断で、将来に禍根を残してはならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 10, 2009)
（2009年10月10日01時19分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun(Oct. 8, 2009)
Don't imperil economy during budget review
補正予算見直し 景気への配慮が欠かせない（10月8日付・読売社説）
A review of a supplementary budget for this fiscal year by the administration of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama is entering the final stage.
鳩山内閣による今年度補正予算の見直し作業が大詰めを迎えている。
The government has so far squeezed 2.5 trillion yen from the 14.7 trillion yen extra budget compiled by the previous administration.
総額１４・７兆円のうち、これまでに２・５兆円の執行を停止することが決まった。
But the prime minister wants more money wrung from the budget and has told his ministers to find additional fat to trim. However, many government bodies have been less than willing to comply with Hatoyama's request. Some observers suspect the government might not be able to achieve its target of cutting 3 trillion yen from the budget by the time it finalizes the review by the end of next week.
鳩山首相はさらに上積みするよう指示したが、これ以上の削減に難色を示す府省も多く、来週中の最終取りまとめで、目標の３兆円に届くか微妙な情勢という。
We fully agree with the drive to cut wasteful budget spending. However, we think the government could consider redirecting the money it has scraped together not only to the main budget for the next fiscal year, but also for effective stimulus measures that can be quickly put in place.
予算の無駄にメスを入れるのは当然だが、これで生じる財源は来年度予算に回すだけでなく、速やかに有効な景気刺激策に充てる発想があっていいだろう。
The Oct. 15 deadline for ministries and agencies to resubmit their budgetary requests for the fiscal 2010 budget is approaching. This task appears to be more important than the extra budget review to the Hatoyama Cabinet for carrying out its pet policy of budgetary reform.
予算改革を掲げる鳩山内閣にとって、本番とも言える来年度予算の概算要求の再提出期限は、今月１５日に迫っている。
===
Big test lies ahead
To implement pledges the Democratic Party of Japan made in the House of Representatives election, such as the introduction of a new child allowance system and basically making public high school education free, the government intends to review budgetary requests made under the previous administration led by Prime Minister Taro Aso.
子ども手当や高校授業料の実質無償化など、衆院選で掲げた新政策を実施するため、麻生内閣当時にまとめた概算要求を抜本的に作り替える。
Unlike the supplementary budget, which was hastily cobbled together, the government can expect to have a much tougher slog as it dissects the 2010 budget, which contains funding for many essential projects that directly affect people's daily lives. Cabinet members, at the urging of Hatoyama to change from "budget-padding" ministers to "budget-assessing" ministers, are facing a crucial moment.
大急ぎで策定された補正予算と違い、本予算は、国民生活との関連が深く、見直しははるかに難しい。「要求する大臣から査定する大臣になれ」とハッパをかけられた各閣僚は正念場だ。
The Hatoyama Cabinet is about to be put to the test over whether it can compile a budget big enough to implement new policies, while facing the prospect of a massive tax revenue shortfall expected to total 4 trillion yen to 5 trillion yen due to the economic downturn.
景気の低迷で、４兆円～５兆円もの大幅な税収減が確実視される中、新しい政策を盛り込みながら適正規模の予算要求が作れるかどうか。鳩山内閣の手腕が早くも問われることになろう。
In revising the 2009 supplementary budget, the Construction and Transport Ministry set aside the highest amount of 890 billion yen, followed by 480 billion yen at the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry and 440 billion yen at the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry.
今回発表された補正予算の府省別執行停止額は、多い順に国土交通省８９００億円、農林水産省４８００億円、厚生労働省４４００億円などとなっている。
Measures to be scrapped include a 330 billion yen project by the transport ministry to widen two-lane highways to four lanes, and a farm ministry fund used to help consolidate farmland, which had a 300 billion yen price tag.
２車線の高速道路を４車線に拡幅する事業３３００億円（国交省）や、農地の大規模化を促す基金の全額３０００億円（農水省）などが対象となった。
===
Utmost care needed
There could be no doubting that the project for large-scale farmland, for example, does not need to be anywhere near the top of the government's to-do list.
確かに、農地の規模拡大などは、一刻を争って実施に移す必要がある事業とは言えまい。
But the problem is that cutting these projects could have repercussions for the economy. The unemployment rate remains above 5 percent. Small and midsize companies are facing severe financial difficulties.
だが、問題は景気への影響である。失業率は５％台で高止まりしており、中小企業の資金繰りは依然苦しいままだ。
Under these circumstances, road-related and other public works projects could stimulate the economy to a certain extent. Calls for providing greater employment security also remain strong.
こうした状況においては、道路関連などの公共事業は一定の景気刺激効果があり、雇用確保への支援を求める声も根強い。
What impact would a 3 trillion yen cut in the extra budget generate? One estimate suggested the nation's gross domestic product for this fiscal year would fall 0.4 percentage point.
仮に補正予算を３兆円削減するとどうなるか。今年度の国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）を０・４％押し下げるとの試算もある。
The Hatoyama Cabinet should exercise utmost care on economic matters. If signs emerge the economy is worsening, the administration must act quickly through such measures as a new stimulus package.
鳩山内閣は景気動向に細心の注意を払うべきである。腰折れの恐れが出てきた場合は、新たな景気対策を打ち出すなど、迅速に対応しなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 8, 2009)
（2009年10月8日01時05分 読売新聞）
Don't imperil economy during budget review
補正予算見直し 景気への配慮が欠かせない（10月8日付・読売社説）
A review of a supplementary budget for this fiscal year by the administration of Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama is entering the final stage.
鳩山内閣による今年度補正予算の見直し作業が大詰めを迎えている。
The government has so far squeezed 2.5 trillion yen from the 14.7 trillion yen extra budget compiled by the previous administration.
総額１４・７兆円のうち、これまでに２・５兆円の執行を停止することが決まった。
But the prime minister wants more money wrung from the budget and has told his ministers to find additional fat to trim. However, many government bodies have been less than willing to comply with Hatoyama's request. Some observers suspect the government might not be able to achieve its target of cutting 3 trillion yen from the budget by the time it finalizes the review by the end of next week.
鳩山首相はさらに上積みするよう指示したが、これ以上の削減に難色を示す府省も多く、来週中の最終取りまとめで、目標の３兆円に届くか微妙な情勢という。
We fully agree with the drive to cut wasteful budget spending. However, we think the government could consider redirecting the money it has scraped together not only to the main budget for the next fiscal year, but also for effective stimulus measures that can be quickly put in place.
予算の無駄にメスを入れるのは当然だが、これで生じる財源は来年度予算に回すだけでなく、速やかに有効な景気刺激策に充てる発想があっていいだろう。
The Oct. 15 deadline for ministries and agencies to resubmit their budgetary requests for the fiscal 2010 budget is approaching. This task appears to be more important than the extra budget review to the Hatoyama Cabinet for carrying out its pet policy of budgetary reform.
予算改革を掲げる鳩山内閣にとって、本番とも言える来年度予算の概算要求の再提出期限は、今月１５日に迫っている。
===
Big test lies ahead
To implement pledges the Democratic Party of Japan made in the House of Representatives election, such as the introduction of a new child allowance system and basically making public high school education free, the government intends to review budgetary requests made under the previous administration led by Prime Minister Taro Aso.
子ども手当や高校授業料の実質無償化など、衆院選で掲げた新政策を実施するため、麻生内閣当時にまとめた概算要求を抜本的に作り替える。
Unlike the supplementary budget, which was hastily cobbled together, the government can expect to have a much tougher slog as it dissects the 2010 budget, which contains funding for many essential projects that directly affect people's daily lives. Cabinet members, at the urging of Hatoyama to change from "budget-padding" ministers to "budget-assessing" ministers, are facing a crucial moment.
大急ぎで策定された補正予算と違い、本予算は、国民生活との関連が深く、見直しははるかに難しい。「要求する大臣から査定する大臣になれ」とハッパをかけられた各閣僚は正念場だ。
The Hatoyama Cabinet is about to be put to the test over whether it can compile a budget big enough to implement new policies, while facing the prospect of a massive tax revenue shortfall expected to total 4 trillion yen to 5 trillion yen due to the economic downturn.
景気の低迷で、４兆円～５兆円もの大幅な税収減が確実視される中、新しい政策を盛り込みながら適正規模の予算要求が作れるかどうか。鳩山内閣の手腕が早くも問われることになろう。
In revising the 2009 supplementary budget, the Construction and Transport Ministry set aside the highest amount of 890 billion yen, followed by 480 billion yen at the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry and 440 billion yen at the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry.
今回発表された補正予算の府省別執行停止額は、多い順に国土交通省８９００億円、農林水産省４８００億円、厚生労働省４４００億円などとなっている。
Measures to be scrapped include a 330 billion yen project by the transport ministry to widen two-lane highways to four lanes, and a farm ministry fund used to help consolidate farmland, which had a 300 billion yen price tag.
２車線の高速道路を４車線に拡幅する事業３３００億円（国交省）や、農地の大規模化を促す基金の全額３０００億円（農水省）などが対象となった。
===
Utmost care needed
There could be no doubting that the project for large-scale farmland, for example, does not need to be anywhere near the top of the government's to-do list.
確かに、農地の規模拡大などは、一刻を争って実施に移す必要がある事業とは言えまい。
But the problem is that cutting these projects could have repercussions for the economy. The unemployment rate remains above 5 percent. Small and midsize companies are facing severe financial difficulties.
だが、問題は景気への影響である。失業率は５％台で高止まりしており、中小企業の資金繰りは依然苦しいままだ。
Under these circumstances, road-related and other public works projects could stimulate the economy to a certain extent. Calls for providing greater employment security also remain strong.
こうした状況においては、道路関連などの公共事業は一定の景気刺激効果があり、雇用確保への支援を求める声も根強い。
What impact would a 3 trillion yen cut in the extra budget generate? One estimate suggested the nation's gross domestic product for this fiscal year would fall 0.4 percentage point.
仮に補正予算を３兆円削減するとどうなるか。今年度の国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）を０・４％押し下げるとの試算もある。
The Hatoyama Cabinet should exercise utmost care on economic matters. If signs emerge the economy is worsening, the administration must act quickly through such measures as a new stimulus package.
鳩山内閣は景気動向に細心の注意を払うべきである。腰折れの恐れが出てきた場合は、新たな景気対策を打ち出すなど、迅速に対応しなければならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 8, 2009)
（2009年10月8日01時05分 読売新聞）
The Yomiuri Shimbun(Oct. 7, 2009)
N. Korea must return to six-party talks
温家宝訪朝 北朝鮮は６か国協議に戻れ（10月7日付・読売社説）
In a meeting with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il referred to the possibility that his country could return to the six-party talks aimed at scrapping the country's nuclear development program.
北朝鮮の金正日総書記が、中国の温家宝首相との会談で、核廃棄を目指す６か国協議に復帰する可能性に言及した。
Six months ago, North Korea declared it would never return to the six-party talks after the U.N. Security Council condemned the country for its test launch of a long-range ballistic missile.
半年前、北朝鮮は、長距離弾道ミサイル発射を国連安全保障理事会に非難されるや、６か国協議に「二度と絶対に参加しない」と宣言していた。
In the meeting Monday with the Chinese leader, however, Kim indicated North Korea was prepared to attend multilateral talks, including the six-party talks, depending on progress in its negotiations with the United States. This represents a change of Pyongyang's position. The North Korean leader is also believed to have made the statement to receive economic aid in return.
それが今回、「米朝協議の状況を見て」という条件つきながら、金総書記自ら「６か国協議を含む多国間協議」に応じる用意を表明したのは、姿勢の変化には違いない。経済支援の見返りを当て込んでの発言でもあっただろう。
However, it remains uncertain whether North Korea really intends to return to the six-party talks, because it has not changed its stance of focusing on its negotiations with the United States.
ただし、実際に協議復帰につながるのかは、依然不透明だ。あくまでも対米交渉に主眼を置く構えに変化は見られないからだ。
The United States has made it clear that it is ready to hold talks with North Korea if the dialogue is intended to persuade the North to return to the six-party talks. It is essential at this time for the United States to sufficiently coordinate with Japan, China, South Korea and Russia--the other parties involved in the six-party talks.
米国は、６か国協議復帰を説得する目的なら、北朝鮮と対話する用意がある、としている。日中韓露４か国と、十分な調整を進めることが肝要だ。
===
Pyongyang defiant
The problem is that North Korea intends to turn its possession of nuclear weapons into a fait accompli. It has conducted nuclear testing twice, refusing to scrap its nuclear development program.
問題は、北朝鮮が、核兵器保有の既成事実化を図ろうとしている点にある。核実験を２回強行し、核開発をやめようともしない。
The U.N. Security Council is right to have imposed sanctions on North Korea with resolutions. The sanctions must not be relaxed in any way until North Korea reaffirms its pledge to scrap its nuclear development program, as stipulated in the joint statement agreed upon in the six-party talks in September 2005, and takes concrete steps to abandon the program.
この北朝鮮に、安保理が決議で制裁を科しているのは当然だ。２００５年９月の６か国協議の共同声明に明記した核廃棄の約束を、北朝鮮が再確認し、核放棄へ具体的に動くときまで、制裁はいささかも緩めてはならない。
Wen visited North Korea with an important responsibility as the representative of China, which chairs the six-party talks.
温家宝首相は、６か国協議の議長国・中国の代表として、重大な責務を担っての訪朝だった。
Visiting North Korea in the "friendship year" that marks the 60th anniversary of the two countries' diplomatic ties, Wen was outwardly welcomed with great enthusiasm.
国交樹立６０周年の「友好年」ということで、温首相は表向き、熱烈歓迎された。
In truth, however, China-North Korea relations have cooled down considerably. Wen's visit marked the first by a Chinese premier to North Korea in 18 years. Chinese President Hu Jintao paid his last visit to North Korea back in 2005. The two countries' relations have become chilly mainly because of North Korea's nuclear development program.
だが、中朝関係は冷え切っている。首相の訪朝は１８年ぶり、胡錦濤国家主席も２００５年に訪れたきりだ。冷却化の主因は、北朝鮮の核開発にある。
===
Reluctant to punish ally
China has been cautious about implementing sanctions against North Korea. This policy is believed to be one of the factors that resulted in the situation today.
中国は、北朝鮮に対する制裁措置の実施に慎重な姿勢を示してきた。それが、今日の事態を招く一因になったとも言える。
China apparently took such a stance out of the belief that imposing sanctions against North Korea would shake the country's regime, which would adversely affect stability--and stability is China's top priority.
制裁により北朝鮮の体制が揺らげば、中国にとって最優先の「安定」に悪影響が及ぶとみたのだろう。
In reality, as a result of North Korea continuing its nuclear development program, stability in East Asia, including China, has been damaged further.
現実には、北朝鮮が核開発を続ける中、中国を含む東アジアの安定はますます損なわれた。
U.N. Security Council Resolution 1874 must be strictly implemented so as not to repeat the same mistake. It will be necessary to cut off the flow of proscribed luxury goods as well as goods and money related to weapons of mass destruction into the country. In this regard, China bears heavy responsibility given that more than half of North Korea's trade is conducted with China. Economic levers must be used fully to resolve problems.
その轍(てつ)を踏まぬよう、制裁決議１８７４は厳格に履行すべきだ。禁輸対象のぜいたく品や、大量破壊兵器開発に絡むモノやカネは遮断する必要がある。貿易量の過半を握る中国の責任は重い。経済的テコは存分に活用すべきだ。
Leaders of Japan, China and South Korea are scheduled to meet in Beijing on Saturday. We urge Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, Wen and South Korean President Lee Myung Bak to come up with effective strategies to resolve problems involving North Korea.
１０日に開かれる日中韓首脳会談で、鳩山首相、温首相、李明博・韓国大統領は、実効性ある対北朝鮮戦略を練ってもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 7, 2009)
（2009年10月7日01時09分 読売新聞）
N. Korea must return to six-party talks
温家宝訪朝 北朝鮮は６か国協議に戻れ（10月7日付・読売社説）
In a meeting with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il referred to the possibility that his country could return to the six-party talks aimed at scrapping the country's nuclear development program.
北朝鮮の金正日総書記が、中国の温家宝首相との会談で、核廃棄を目指す６か国協議に復帰する可能性に言及した。
Six months ago, North Korea declared it would never return to the six-party talks after the U.N. Security Council condemned the country for its test launch of a long-range ballistic missile.
半年前、北朝鮮は、長距離弾道ミサイル発射を国連安全保障理事会に非難されるや、６か国協議に「二度と絶対に参加しない」と宣言していた。
In the meeting Monday with the Chinese leader, however, Kim indicated North Korea was prepared to attend multilateral talks, including the six-party talks, depending on progress in its negotiations with the United States. This represents a change of Pyongyang's position. The North Korean leader is also believed to have made the statement to receive economic aid in return.
それが今回、「米朝協議の状況を見て」という条件つきながら、金総書記自ら「６か国協議を含む多国間協議」に応じる用意を表明したのは、姿勢の変化には違いない。経済支援の見返りを当て込んでの発言でもあっただろう。
However, it remains uncertain whether North Korea really intends to return to the six-party talks, because it has not changed its stance of focusing on its negotiations with the United States.
ただし、実際に協議復帰につながるのかは、依然不透明だ。あくまでも対米交渉に主眼を置く構えに変化は見られないからだ。
The United States has made it clear that it is ready to hold talks with North Korea if the dialogue is intended to persuade the North to return to the six-party talks. It is essential at this time for the United States to sufficiently coordinate with Japan, China, South Korea and Russia--the other parties involved in the six-party talks.
米国は、６か国協議復帰を説得する目的なら、北朝鮮と対話する用意がある、としている。日中韓露４か国と、十分な調整を進めることが肝要だ。
===
Pyongyang defiant
The problem is that North Korea intends to turn its possession of nuclear weapons into a fait accompli. It has conducted nuclear testing twice, refusing to scrap its nuclear development program.
問題は、北朝鮮が、核兵器保有の既成事実化を図ろうとしている点にある。核実験を２回強行し、核開発をやめようともしない。
The U.N. Security Council is right to have imposed sanctions on North Korea with resolutions. The sanctions must not be relaxed in any way until North Korea reaffirms its pledge to scrap its nuclear development program, as stipulated in the joint statement agreed upon in the six-party talks in September 2005, and takes concrete steps to abandon the program.
この北朝鮮に、安保理が決議で制裁を科しているのは当然だ。２００５年９月の６か国協議の共同声明に明記した核廃棄の約束を、北朝鮮が再確認し、核放棄へ具体的に動くときまで、制裁はいささかも緩めてはならない。
Wen visited North Korea with an important responsibility as the representative of China, which chairs the six-party talks.
温家宝首相は、６か国協議の議長国・中国の代表として、重大な責務を担っての訪朝だった。
Visiting North Korea in the "friendship year" that marks the 60th anniversary of the two countries' diplomatic ties, Wen was outwardly welcomed with great enthusiasm.
国交樹立６０周年の「友好年」ということで、温首相は表向き、熱烈歓迎された。
In truth, however, China-North Korea relations have cooled down considerably. Wen's visit marked the first by a Chinese premier to North Korea in 18 years. Chinese President Hu Jintao paid his last visit to North Korea back in 2005. The two countries' relations have become chilly mainly because of North Korea's nuclear development program.
だが、中朝関係は冷え切っている。首相の訪朝は１８年ぶり、胡錦濤国家主席も２００５年に訪れたきりだ。冷却化の主因は、北朝鮮の核開発にある。
===
Reluctant to punish ally
China has been cautious about implementing sanctions against North Korea. This policy is believed to be one of the factors that resulted in the situation today.
中国は、北朝鮮に対する制裁措置の実施に慎重な姿勢を示してきた。それが、今日の事態を招く一因になったとも言える。
China apparently took such a stance out of the belief that imposing sanctions against North Korea would shake the country's regime, which would adversely affect stability--and stability is China's top priority.
制裁により北朝鮮の体制が揺らげば、中国にとって最優先の「安定」に悪影響が及ぶとみたのだろう。
In reality, as a result of North Korea continuing its nuclear development program, stability in East Asia, including China, has been damaged further.
現実には、北朝鮮が核開発を続ける中、中国を含む東アジアの安定はますます損なわれた。
U.N. Security Council Resolution 1874 must be strictly implemented so as not to repeat the same mistake. It will be necessary to cut off the flow of proscribed luxury goods as well as goods and money related to weapons of mass destruction into the country. In this regard, China bears heavy responsibility given that more than half of North Korea's trade is conducted with China. Economic levers must be used fully to resolve problems.
その轍(てつ)を踏まぬよう、制裁決議１８７４は厳格に履行すべきだ。禁輸対象のぜいたく品や、大量破壊兵器開発に絡むモノやカネは遮断する必要がある。貿易量の過半を握る中国の責任は重い。経済的テコは存分に活用すべきだ。
Leaders of Japan, China and South Korea are scheduled to meet in Beijing on Saturday. We urge Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, Wen and South Korean President Lee Myung Bak to come up with effective strategies to resolve problems involving North Korea.
１０日に開かれる日中韓首脳会談で、鳩山首相、温首相、李明博・韓国大統領は、実効性ある対北朝鮮戦略を練ってもらいたい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, Oct. 7, 2009)
（2009年10月7日01時09分 読売新聞）
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快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
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遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
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