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The Yomiuri Shimbun
Intransigent N. Korea must be pressed to advance its probe of abductions
拉致再調査１年 対「北」圧力を戦略的に強めよ
Any further continuation of North Korea’s time-buying tactics would be intolerable. The Japanese government must push North Korea to move forward on resolving the problem of having abducted Japanese citizens, with an eye on the possibility of resurrecting and expanding sanctions against Pyongyang.
北朝鮮のこれ以上の時間稼ぎは認められない。政府は、制裁の復活や拡大を視野に、日本人拉致問題の前進を北朝鮮に迫るべきである。
On July 4 last year, North Korea embarked on a new round of investigations into the fate of Japanese abductees. Pyongyang set the duration of the probes at about one year and committed to providing information on the progress of the investigations on an as-needed basis.
北朝鮮は昨年７月４日、拉致被害者らの再調査を開始した。期間は１年程度とし、調査状況の随時通報も約束した。
The Japanese government, in return, lifted parts of its sanctions concerning matters such as restrictions on travel between the two countries and a ban on the entry into Japanese ports of North Korean-registered ships.
政府は見返りに、日朝の人的往来や北朝鮮籍船舶の入港などに関する制裁の一部を解除した。
However, no information has been presented on the safety and other relevant matters regarding the abduction victims.
しかし、いまだに被害者の安否情報などは示されていない。
Pyongyang’ behavior is extremely dishonest . The behavior tramples brazenly on the feelings of the abduction victims’ families and others concerned, who have long been seeking to have them brought back as quickly as possible.
不誠実極まりない対応である。被害者の早期帰国を念願する家族らの感情を踏みにじるものだ。
More than three years have passed since Kim Jong Un began leading North Korea. A streak of purges and ousters of high-ranking officials of his regime and his close associates has continued, indicating Kim has still not succeeded in consolidating his power base. Views have been put forth that Kim has still come up short of creating an environment conducive to making an important political decision on the abduction problem.
金正恩第１書記の就任から３年余が経たつ。最近も幹部や側近の粛清・更迭が続いており、体制固めはまだ不十分とされる。拉致問題で重要な政治決断をする環境にはないとの見方が出ている。
What should be done to break the impasse? The government is urged to strategically address the challenge to win concessions from Pyongyang through dialogue while increasing pressure on North Korea.
膠着こうちゃく状態をどう打開するのか。政府には、圧力を強めつつ、対話を通じて譲歩を引き出すという戦略的な取り組みが求められる。
Should there continue to be no progress with North Korea’s investigations, the resurrection of anti-Pyongyang sanctions would be inevitable.
調査が今後も進展しないなら、制裁の復活は避けられまい。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga, for that matter, has stressed the government has been “constantly reviewing whatever measures should be the most effective” in dealing with North Korea.
菅官房長官は、制裁に関して、「何が最も効果的か、不断の検討を行っている」と強調する。
‘Parallel pursuit’ of 2 aims
In late June, the Liberal Democratic Party proposed to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe that anti-Pyongyang sanctions, such as a ban in principle on money remittances to North Korea, be toughened. Such a proposal is one of the options the government will be able to take.
自民党は６月下旬、北朝鮮への送金の原則禁止などの制裁強化案を安倍首相に提言した。こうした案も一つの選択肢となろう。
By accurately assessing how North Korea is going to tackle the abduction problem, Japan should take steps commensurate with Pyongyang’s action. Keeping the principle of “action for action” intact is of great importance.
拉致問題に北朝鮮がどう対処するかを見極め、日本はそれに見合う措置を取る。「行動対行動」の原則を貫くことが重要である。
The pro-Pyongyang General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon), which was pressed to vacate its Tokyo headquarters after the building was put up for auction, has managed to remain in the building through indirect resales. Suspicion over the mysterious tactics can hardly be eliminated.
在日本朝鮮人総連合会（朝鮮総連）は、競売で中央本部ビルからの退去を迫られたが、転売などを経て現状を維持している。その経緯には不可解さがぬぐえない。
In the case involving the allegedly illegal importing of a shipment of matsutake mushrooms from North Korea, the second son of the head of Chongryon has been arrested and indicted on charges of violating the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law. The law must be rigorously enforced.
北朝鮮産マツタケの不正輸入事件では、総連議長の次男が外為法違反で逮捕、起訴されている。法執行は厳格に行われるべきだ。
It is also essential to broaden the understanding of the international community regarding Pyongyang’s wide-ranging infringements on human rights, including the abductions.
拉致を含む北朝鮮の広範な人権侵害について、国際社会の理解を広げる努力も欠かせない。
Toward the end of June, the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees set up its branch in Seoul for the surveillance of human rights records of North Korea. The opening of the UNCHR branch is expected to produce a certain degree of effect to hold North Korea in check.
国連人権高等弁務官事務所は６月下旬、北朝鮮の人権状況を監視する現地事務所をソウルに開設した。北朝鮮をけん制するうえで、一定の効果が期待できよう。
North Korea has adopted a policy of a “parallel pursuit” of nuclear weapons development and rebuilding its economy. Pyongyang has also been continuing to take actions that amount to military provocation, such as the announcement in May that it was successful in launching a ballistic missile from a submarine.
北朝鮮は、核兵器開発と経済建設の「並進路線」を掲げる。５月には、潜水艦発射弾道ミサイルの水中発射に成功したと発表するなど、軍事的挑発も続けている。
It is of dire importance that Japan not weaken the international network of containment toward North Korea. This can be achieved by closely cooperating with the United States and South Korea. Japan should firmly maintain its basic policy of comprehensively resolving the abduction problem, the nuclear and missile programs of Pyongyang.
日本は、米韓両国と緊密に連携し、北朝鮮に対する国際包囲網を崩さないことが肝要だ。拉致と、核・ミサイルを包括的に解決する基本方針を堅持したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 3, 2015)
Intransigent N. Korea must be pressed to advance its probe of abductions
拉致再調査１年 対「北」圧力を戦略的に強めよ
Any further continuation of North Korea’s time-buying tactics would be intolerable. The Japanese government must push North Korea to move forward on resolving the problem of having abducted Japanese citizens, with an eye on the possibility of resurrecting and expanding sanctions against Pyongyang.
北朝鮮のこれ以上の時間稼ぎは認められない。政府は、制裁の復活や拡大を視野に、日本人拉致問題の前進を北朝鮮に迫るべきである。
On July 4 last year, North Korea embarked on a new round of investigations into the fate of Japanese abductees. Pyongyang set the duration of the probes at about one year and committed to providing information on the progress of the investigations on an as-needed basis.
北朝鮮は昨年７月４日、拉致被害者らの再調査を開始した。期間は１年程度とし、調査状況の随時通報も約束した。
The Japanese government, in return, lifted parts of its sanctions concerning matters such as restrictions on travel between the two countries and a ban on the entry into Japanese ports of North Korean-registered ships.
政府は見返りに、日朝の人的往来や北朝鮮籍船舶の入港などに関する制裁の一部を解除した。
However, no information has been presented on the safety and other relevant matters regarding the abduction victims.
しかし、いまだに被害者の安否情報などは示されていない。
Pyongyang’ behavior is extremely dishonest . The behavior tramples brazenly on the feelings of the abduction victims’ families and others concerned, who have long been seeking to have them brought back as quickly as possible.
不誠実極まりない対応である。被害者の早期帰国を念願する家族らの感情を踏みにじるものだ。
More than three years have passed since Kim Jong Un began leading North Korea. A streak of purges and ousters of high-ranking officials of his regime and his close associates has continued, indicating Kim has still not succeeded in consolidating his power base. Views have been put forth that Kim has still come up short of creating an environment conducive to making an important political decision on the abduction problem.
金正恩第１書記の就任から３年余が経たつ。最近も幹部や側近の粛清・更迭が続いており、体制固めはまだ不十分とされる。拉致問題で重要な政治決断をする環境にはないとの見方が出ている。
What should be done to break the impasse? The government is urged to strategically address the challenge to win concessions from Pyongyang through dialogue while increasing pressure on North Korea.
膠着こうちゃく状態をどう打開するのか。政府には、圧力を強めつつ、対話を通じて譲歩を引き出すという戦略的な取り組みが求められる。
Should there continue to be no progress with North Korea’s investigations, the resurrection of anti-Pyongyang sanctions would be inevitable.
調査が今後も進展しないなら、制裁の復活は避けられまい。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga, for that matter, has stressed the government has been “constantly reviewing whatever measures should be the most effective” in dealing with North Korea.
菅官房長官は、制裁に関して、「何が最も効果的か、不断の検討を行っている」と強調する。
‘Parallel pursuit’ of 2 aims
In late June, the Liberal Democratic Party proposed to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe that anti-Pyongyang sanctions, such as a ban in principle on money remittances to North Korea, be toughened. Such a proposal is one of the options the government will be able to take.
自民党は６月下旬、北朝鮮への送金の原則禁止などの制裁強化案を安倍首相に提言した。こうした案も一つの選択肢となろう。
By accurately assessing how North Korea is going to tackle the abduction problem, Japan should take steps commensurate with Pyongyang’s action. Keeping the principle of “action for action” intact is of great importance.
拉致問題に北朝鮮がどう対処するかを見極め、日本はそれに見合う措置を取る。「行動対行動」の原則を貫くことが重要である。
The pro-Pyongyang General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon), which was pressed to vacate its Tokyo headquarters after the building was put up for auction, has managed to remain in the building through indirect resales. Suspicion over the mysterious tactics can hardly be eliminated.
在日本朝鮮人総連合会（朝鮮総連）は、競売で中央本部ビルからの退去を迫られたが、転売などを経て現状を維持している。その経緯には不可解さがぬぐえない。
In the case involving the allegedly illegal importing of a shipment of matsutake mushrooms from North Korea, the second son of the head of Chongryon has been arrested and indicted on charges of violating the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law. The law must be rigorously enforced.
北朝鮮産マツタケの不正輸入事件では、総連議長の次男が外為法違反で逮捕、起訴されている。法執行は厳格に行われるべきだ。
It is also essential to broaden the understanding of the international community regarding Pyongyang’s wide-ranging infringements on human rights, including the abductions.
拉致を含む北朝鮮の広範な人権侵害について、国際社会の理解を広げる努力も欠かせない。
Toward the end of June, the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees set up its branch in Seoul for the surveillance of human rights records of North Korea. The opening of the UNCHR branch is expected to produce a certain degree of effect to hold North Korea in check.
国連人権高等弁務官事務所は６月下旬、北朝鮮の人権状況を監視する現地事務所をソウルに開設した。北朝鮮をけん制するうえで、一定の効果が期待できよう。
North Korea has adopted a policy of a “parallel pursuit” of nuclear weapons development and rebuilding its economy. Pyongyang has also been continuing to take actions that amount to military provocation, such as the announcement in May that it was successful in launching a ballistic missile from a submarine.
北朝鮮は、核兵器開発と経済建設の「並進路線」を掲げる。５月には、潜水艦発射弾道ミサイルの水中発射に成功したと発表するなど、軍事的挑発も続けている。
It is of dire importance that Japan not weaken the international network of containment toward North Korea. This can be achieved by closely cooperating with the United States and South Korea. Japan should firmly maintain its basic policy of comprehensively resolving the abduction problem, the nuclear and missile programs of Pyongyang.
日本は、米韓両国と緊密に連携し、北朝鮮に対する国際包囲網を崩さないことが肝要だ。拉致と、核・ミサイルを包括的に解決する基本方針を堅持したい。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 3, 2015)
PR
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Try to prevent another Shinkansen fire while keeping train service convenient
新幹線放火殺人 利便性損ねずに再発防ぎたい
Taking steps to prevent a recurrence while also ensuring that passengers’ convenience is not compromised — this difficult task has come to the fore.
乗客の利便性を損ねずに、再発防止を図る。難しい課題が浮き彫りになったと言える。
A passenger fatally set himself on fire inside a bullet train on the Tokaido Shinkansen line while it was in motion. A female passenger who was caught up in the incident also died. Twenty-six other passengers were taken to the hospital for treatment.
走行中の東海道新幹線の列車内で、男が焼身自殺した。巻き添えで乗客の女性が死亡した。救急搬送された乗客は２６人に上った。
This is the first fire reported inside a Shinkansen car. The bullet train has boasted of its superb safety record since it began operating about half a century ago. That a passenger who just happened to be in the same car also died is terribly shocking.
新幹線内での火災発生は初めてである。半世紀余りにわたり、高い安全性を誇ってきた新幹線で、たまたま乗り合わせた乗客が死亡した衝撃は大きい。
The Kanagawa prefectural police are investigating the incident as a case of suspected murder and arson of an inhabited structure. The investigation will focus on unraveling the actions of the male passenger up until the crime was committed.
神奈川県警は殺人と現住建造物等放火の容疑で捜査している。男が犯行に至るまでの行動の解明が焦点になる。
The response of the train crew after the fire started seems to have been appropriate for the most part.
火災発生後の乗務員の対応は、おおむね適切だったようだ。
After bringing the train to an emergency stop, the driver immediately grabbed an onboard fire extinguisher and started dousing the flames. A conductor followed the safety manual by quickly guiding fleeing passengers to cars toward the rear of the train.
運転士は列車を緊急停止させた後、備え付けの消火器で即座に消火活動にあたった。車掌が乗客を後方の車両に避難誘導したのも、マニュアル通りの行動だった。
The floors and seats of Shinkansen cars are covered with fire-resistant material. These fire prevention measures were a factor in preventing the damage from spreading even further.
車両の床面やシートには、燃えにくい素材が用いられている。こうした防火対策が被害の拡大を防いだ面もあろう。
There needs to be an investigation into why the female passenger was unable to escape the danger in time.
一方、女性が逃げ遅れた理由については、検証が必要である。
Some observers have suggested that the absence of smoke extraction devices on the train contributed to the car filling with smoke. Is there room for improving equipment installed on Shinkansen trains? Lessons learned from this incident must be used to improve safety.
排煙装置が車内にないことが、煙の充満を招いたとの見方もある。設備面で改善の余地はないのか。事件の教訓を安全性の向上に生かさねばならない。
Baggage check unrealistic
The man apparently started the fire after taking a plastic container containing an oil-like liquid out of his backpack.
男は、油のような液体の入ったポリ容器をリュックサックから取り出して、犯行に及んだ。
Perhaps the only way to prevent people from bringing dangerous materials onto a Shinkansen is to conduct baggage inspections for every single passenger, just like the checks at airports.
危険物の持ち込みを防ぐには、空港のように、乗客一人一人の手荷物検査を実施するしか手立てはないだろう。
However, one of the greatest attractions of the Shinkansen is the convenience of being able to board even after arriving at the station at the last minute before the train departs. This is something passenger planes cannot offer. It is not realistic to introduce baggage screening for Shinkansen trains carrying more than 1,000 passengers that operate on the dot at three-minute intervals during peak times.
しかし、旅客機と異なり、発車間際に駅に着いても乗れる利便性が、新幹線の売り物である。１０００人以上を乗せ、ピーク時には３分間隔で正確に運行する新幹線に手荷物検査を導入するのは、現実的ではあるまい。
The Japan Railways Group and the police should strengthen their cooperation and heighten the frequency of security patrols on station platforms and in trains.
ＪＲと警察が連携を強め、ホームや車内の巡回の頻度を高めることが求められる。
Most cars on bullet trains that run on the Tokaido Shinkansen line have security cameras in the decks of the cars. These cameras do not film the area where passengers sit. Footage taken by these cameras is apparently used, in principle, for follow-up checks in the event of a problem.
東海道新幹線の大半の車両では、デッキに監視カメラが設置されているが、客室内は撮影していない。映像は原則として、トラブルなどがあった際の事後チェックに利用しているという。
We think JR should consider increasing the number of security cameras installed on Shinkansen trains to beef up the deterrent against onboard crime.
犯罪の抑止効果を高めるため、設置箇所を増やすことも検討すべきではないか。
In May 2016, Japan will host a Group of Seven summit meeting (the Ise-Shima summit meeting). Tokyo is preparing to host the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics.
国内では、来年５月に主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）が開かれる。２０２０年東京五輪・パラリンピックも控えている。
Preparing countermeasures based on the assumption that unforeseen situations — including a terrorist attack — could occur is an urgent task.
テロなど不測の事態を想定した対策が急務である。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 2, 2015)Speech
Try to prevent another Shinkansen fire while keeping train service convenient
新幹線放火殺人 利便性損ねずに再発防ぎたい
Taking steps to prevent a recurrence while also ensuring that passengers’ convenience is not compromised — this difficult task has come to the fore.
乗客の利便性を損ねずに、再発防止を図る。難しい課題が浮き彫りになったと言える。
A passenger fatally set himself on fire inside a bullet train on the Tokaido Shinkansen line while it was in motion. A female passenger who was caught up in the incident also died. Twenty-six other passengers were taken to the hospital for treatment.
走行中の東海道新幹線の列車内で、男が焼身自殺した。巻き添えで乗客の女性が死亡した。救急搬送された乗客は２６人に上った。
This is the first fire reported inside a Shinkansen car. The bullet train has boasted of its superb safety record since it began operating about half a century ago. That a passenger who just happened to be in the same car also died is terribly shocking.
新幹線内での火災発生は初めてである。半世紀余りにわたり、高い安全性を誇ってきた新幹線で、たまたま乗り合わせた乗客が死亡した衝撃は大きい。
The Kanagawa prefectural police are investigating the incident as a case of suspected murder and arson of an inhabited structure. The investigation will focus on unraveling the actions of the male passenger up until the crime was committed.
神奈川県警は殺人と現住建造物等放火の容疑で捜査している。男が犯行に至るまでの行動の解明が焦点になる。
The response of the train crew after the fire started seems to have been appropriate for the most part.
火災発生後の乗務員の対応は、おおむね適切だったようだ。
After bringing the train to an emergency stop, the driver immediately grabbed an onboard fire extinguisher and started dousing the flames. A conductor followed the safety manual by quickly guiding fleeing passengers to cars toward the rear of the train.
運転士は列車を緊急停止させた後、備え付けの消火器で即座に消火活動にあたった。車掌が乗客を後方の車両に避難誘導したのも、マニュアル通りの行動だった。
The floors and seats of Shinkansen cars are covered with fire-resistant material. These fire prevention measures were a factor in preventing the damage from spreading even further.
車両の床面やシートには、燃えにくい素材が用いられている。こうした防火対策が被害の拡大を防いだ面もあろう。
There needs to be an investigation into why the female passenger was unable to escape the danger in time.
一方、女性が逃げ遅れた理由については、検証が必要である。
Some observers have suggested that the absence of smoke extraction devices on the train contributed to the car filling with smoke. Is there room for improving equipment installed on Shinkansen trains? Lessons learned from this incident must be used to improve safety.
排煙装置が車内にないことが、煙の充満を招いたとの見方もある。設備面で改善の余地はないのか。事件の教訓を安全性の向上に生かさねばならない。
Baggage check unrealistic
The man apparently started the fire after taking a plastic container containing an oil-like liquid out of his backpack.
男は、油のような液体の入ったポリ容器をリュックサックから取り出して、犯行に及んだ。
Perhaps the only way to prevent people from bringing dangerous materials onto a Shinkansen is to conduct baggage inspections for every single passenger, just like the checks at airports.
危険物の持ち込みを防ぐには、空港のように、乗客一人一人の手荷物検査を実施するしか手立てはないだろう。
However, one of the greatest attractions of the Shinkansen is the convenience of being able to board even after arriving at the station at the last minute before the train departs. This is something passenger planes cannot offer. It is not realistic to introduce baggage screening for Shinkansen trains carrying more than 1,000 passengers that operate on the dot at three-minute intervals during peak times.
しかし、旅客機と異なり、発車間際に駅に着いても乗れる利便性が、新幹線の売り物である。１０００人以上を乗せ、ピーク時には３分間隔で正確に運行する新幹線に手荷物検査を導入するのは、現実的ではあるまい。
The Japan Railways Group and the police should strengthen their cooperation and heighten the frequency of security patrols on station platforms and in trains.
ＪＲと警察が連携を強め、ホームや車内の巡回の頻度を高めることが求められる。
Most cars on bullet trains that run on the Tokaido Shinkansen line have security cameras in the decks of the cars. These cameras do not film the area where passengers sit. Footage taken by these cameras is apparently used, in principle, for follow-up checks in the event of a problem.
東海道新幹線の大半の車両では、デッキに監視カメラが設置されているが、客室内は撮影していない。映像は原則として、トラブルなどがあった際の事後チェックに利用しているという。
We think JR should consider increasing the number of security cameras installed on Shinkansen trains to beef up the deterrent against onboard crime.
犯罪の抑止効果を高めるため、設置箇所を増やすことも検討すべきではないか。
In May 2016, Japan will host a Group of Seven summit meeting (the Ise-Shima summit meeting). Tokyo is preparing to host the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics.
国内では、来年５月に主要国首脳会議（伊勢志摩サミット）が開かれる。２０２０年東京五輪・パラリンピックも控えている。
Preparing countermeasures based on the assumption that unforeseen situations — including a terrorist attack — could occur is an urgent task.
テロなど不測の事態を想定した対策が急務である。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, July 2, 2015)Speech
--The Asahi Shimbun, June 30
EDITORIAL: Japan’s fiscal crunch requires immediate action
（社説）日本の財政再建 やはり先送りは危うい
Japan is submerged in debt. As of March, the government was in hock for 1.053 quadrillion yen, twice as much as the nation’s gross domestic product.
Japan’s public finances are in worse shape than any other industrial nation, even than Greece, which is trapped in a serious debt crisis. Government bonds outstanding account for over 80 percent of the nation’s overall debt load.
日本の財政は、借金漬けだ。国の借金残高は今年３月で１０５３兆円、国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）の２倍と先進国の中で最悪の水準であり、債務危機にあえぐギリシャをも上回る。借金の８割強は、国債である。
During the current fiscal year, which started in April, the Japanese government will have to issue 36 trillion yen worth of new bonds to plug the budget hole. When bonds issued to refinance debt coming due are counted in, the government needs to borrow 170 trillion yen in the year through March 2016.
今年度予算では、財源不足を補うための３６兆円余の新たな国債や、満期を迎えた分の借り換えなどで、総額１７０兆円の国債を発行する。
Can Japan really avoid a fiscal disaster if it is running up so much debt? Won’t the prices of government bonds collapse in the market where government debt securities are traded?
こんなに借金を重ねて大丈夫なのか。発行後に国債が売買される市場で国債価格が急落（金利が急上昇）しないのか。
Huge potential risks in the market
■市場に潜む危うさ
Most government bonds are financed by domestic funds, ultimately by the savings of the people. Many experts say there is no need to worry about a full-blown debt crisis in Japan because the government is not dependent on borrowing from fickle foreign investors who rush to the exit at the first hint of trouble.
国債の大半は、国内の資金、もとをたどれば国民の貯蓄でまかなわれている。逃げ足の速い海外マネーに頼っているわけではないから、大丈夫。こう説明されることが多い。
This common fiscal narrative is correct from the viewpoint of the flow of money. But we should not overlook one worrisome factor behind the money flow structure.
おカネの流れを見れば、その通りだ。ただ、この流れに潜む構図を見落としてはならない。
That’s the Bank of Japan’s aggressive monetary easing, which has been described as “different dimension” expansion of money supply.
「異次元」とも称される、日本銀行による大胆な金融緩和策である。
As the centerpiece of its credit easing program, the central bank is buying tremendous amounts of government bonds. Since it adopted additional monetary easing measures last autumn, the BOJ has been buying up to 90 percent of the bonds the government issues in the market.
この政策の柱として、日銀は大量に国債を買っている。昨年秋の緩和策第２弾を経て、そのペースは、政府が市場で発行する分の最大９割に及ぶ。
The BOJ is legally banned from underwriting government bonds, or buying bonds directly from the government.
日銀が政府から国債を直接買う「引き受け」は、法律で禁じられている。
This rule was established because the Japanese central bank once caused a virulent bout of inflation by helping the wartime government raise funds to finance the war.
かつて政府の戦費調達などに日銀が手を貸し、激しいインフレを招いた反省からだ。
Currently, the BOJ buys government bonds via private-sector financial institutions, just short of underwriting of government bonds.
現状は金融機関を経て購入しているとはいえ、引き受けも同然と言える。
Anything could happen in a financial market. Nobody can guarantee that Japanese government bonds will never crash.
何が起きるか分からないのが、市場だ。「日本の国債だけは価格が暴落しない」というわけにはいかない。
If the bond market is roiled by a massive selloff by speculators, corporate borrowing costs as well as interest rates on housing loans will soar. When that happens, the government’s tax revenue will fall due to the consequent weakening of the economy while the government’s debt servicing costs will surge. That will be a fiscal nightmare not unlike what Greece is now facing.
投機筋などによる売り浴びせをきっかけに混乱が広がれば、企業の借り入れや住宅ローンの金利が急上昇し、景気の悪化に伴って税収が減る一方、国債の利払いは増える。ギリシャの惨状は遠い外国の話ではなくなる。
In order to prevent this kind of fiscal disaster, the government needs to keep demonstrating its solid commitment to paying back debt and thereby avoid arousing doubts about its creditworthiness.
そんな事態を避けるには、政府が「借金を返していく」という姿勢を示し続け、「すき」を見せないことだ。
Currently, the BOJ is nipping market disruptions in the bud with its massive bond purchases. But the potential risk is underscored by the fact that none other than BOJ Governor Haruhiko Kuroda has been preaching the importance of fiscal rehabilitation to the government.
今は日銀が国債の大量購入で波乱の芽を封じ込めている格好だが、日銀の黒田総裁自身が政府に財政再建の大切さを説いていることがそれを物語る。
Can’t bank on economic growth
■成長頼みは禁じ手
The government’s plan to regain fiscal health, which calls for a primary budget surplus in fiscal 2020, will be an acid test of the government’s will to pay off debt.
２０年度の基礎的財政収支の黒字化を目指す政府の財政再建策は、借金を返していく意思を問う試金石だ。
But the government’s plan is based on the assumption that its tax revenue will keep growing in line with nominal economic growth at annual rates of over 3 percent, a target that is hard to achieve.
ところが、である。
毎年名目で３％台という、実現が難しい成長を前提として、税収も伸びていくと見込む。
While calling on the government to go ahead with the postponed additional increase in the consumption tax rate to 10 percent, the prescription for curing the nation’s fiscal woes doesn’t propose any further tax hike.
増税については、１回延期した消費税率の１０％への引き上げこそ織り込むものの、それ以上は封印。
The plan calls for policy efforts to curb budget growth and cut certain expenditures. But it offers no specific measures or a road map to rein in government spending.
歳出の抑制・削減策も、メニューこそ並べたが、具体案や実行への道筋は先送りした。
The government should seek to increase its tax receipts by stoking economic growth. But banking on revenue growth due to economic expansion is a hope-for-the-best approach to restoring fiscal health that should not be adopted.
経済成長に伴う税収増を目指すのは当然としても、それに頼ることは「期待」頼みの財政再建であり、禁じ手だ。
A reliable way to cure the budget ills is resorting to a combination of spending cuts and tax hikes. Both will inevitably be painful.
確実な手段は、歳出の削減と増税の二つ。ともに痛みを伴う。
First of all, the government needs to hammer out a realistic and effective plan to restrain budget growth and reduce its outlays. All policy areas need to be reviewed for budget cuts. But the focus should be on social security spending, which accounts for one-third of the general-account budget.
まずは歳出の抑制・削減だ。あらゆる分野にメスを入れる必要があるが、焦点は国の一般会計の３分の１を占める社会保障分野だ。
If nothing is done, social security spending will continue growing automatically by nearly 1 trillion yen every year due to the aging of the population.
高齢化に伴い、放っておけば毎年１兆円近いペースで増え続ける。
Japan’s social security system, whose main components include the public health-care, nursing-care and pension programs, is structured along the lines of generations. Basically, the working population supports retired seniors.
医療や介護、年金など、社会保障は「世代」を軸に制度が作られ、現役世代が高齢者を支えるのが基本的な仕組みだ。
Given that disparities in assets and income are growing within the same generations, however, it is vital to restructure the system toward distribution of the burden according to wealth.
しかし、同じ世代の中で資産や所得の格差が開いていることを考えれば「持てる人から持たざる人へ」という軸を加え、制度を改めていくことが不可欠だ。
Considering the seriousness of the fiscal squeeze, curbing budget growth and trimming expenditures here and there alone will be far from enough. The government should also consider a tax increase.
財政難の深刻さを考えれば、歳出の抑制・削減だけでは間に合わず、増税も視野に入れるべきだ。
The pillar of any plan to increase taxes should be a consumption tax hike.
柱になるのは消費税の増税である。
The most appropriate source of revenue to finance social security spending, which grows regardless of economic conditions, is the consumption tax. That’s because consumption tax receipts are less susceptible to economic conditions, and the burden is shared broadly by the entire public.
景気にかかわらず増えていく社会保障をまかなうには、税収が景気に左右されにくく、国民全体で「薄く広く」負担する消費税が適している。
The plan for integrated tax and social security reform worked out by the government three years ago is based on these ideas.
３年前に政府が決めた「社会保障と税の一体改革」は、そうした考え方を根本にすえる。
The administration of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has ruled out raising the consumption tax rate above 10 percent. But a 10-percent consumption tax will be grossly insufficient to rebuild Japan’s debt-laden public finances.
安倍政権は１０％を超える増税を否定するが、それではとても足りない。
That’s obvious from the fact that many European countries impose a value-added tax (equivalent to Japan’s consumption tax) of around 20 percent on purchases of goods and services.
欧州の多くの国が付加価値税（日本の消費税に相当）の税率を２０％前後としていることからも明らかだ。
As part of an effective tax overhaul, the income and inheritance taxes, which are levied on people’s income and assets, should also be reviewed for making the well-to-do shoulder their fair share of the burden.
所得や資産に課税する所得税や相続税も、豊かな層に応分の負担をしてもらう方向で見直す。そんな税制を目指したい。
Inevitable pains
■避けられない痛み
All these reforms would be painful for taxpayers. But they are inevitable steps to ensure the long-term sustainability of social security and stop shifting the burden to future generations.
いずれも痛みを伴う改革だ。しかし、社会保障を持続可能にし、将来世代へのつけ回しをやめるには、避けて通れない。
If the government shies away from fiscal reform and allows the situation to continue deteriorating, it could eventually face a fiscal collapse.
財政の再建から逃げ、放置すれば、いずれ破綻（はたん）しかねない。
Such a situation would cause the biggest damage to people’s livelihoods.
いったんそうなれば、国民の生活がもっと大きな痛みを強いられる。
Japanese are now facing a crucial choice. Do they accept a radical reform of the system and an increase in their burden to be implemented through revisions to related laws by their elected representatives? Or do they opt to allow market pressure from rising interest rates to force them into necessary reforms?
選挙で選んだ代表を通じ、法律を改正して制度の再設計や負担増を受け入れるのか。金利急騰といった市場の圧力に追いたてられて取り組むのか。
We should choose burden sharing through the democratic process.
民主主義の手続きに基づく負担の分かち合いを選びたい。
EDITORIAL: Japan’s fiscal crunch requires immediate action
（社説）日本の財政再建 やはり先送りは危うい
Japan is submerged in debt. As of March, the government was in hock for 1.053 quadrillion yen, twice as much as the nation’s gross domestic product.
Japan’s public finances are in worse shape than any other industrial nation, even than Greece, which is trapped in a serious debt crisis. Government bonds outstanding account for over 80 percent of the nation’s overall debt load.
日本の財政は、借金漬けだ。国の借金残高は今年３月で１０５３兆円、国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）の２倍と先進国の中で最悪の水準であり、債務危機にあえぐギリシャをも上回る。借金の８割強は、国債である。
During the current fiscal year, which started in April, the Japanese government will have to issue 36 trillion yen worth of new bonds to plug the budget hole. When bonds issued to refinance debt coming due are counted in, the government needs to borrow 170 trillion yen in the year through March 2016.
今年度予算では、財源不足を補うための３６兆円余の新たな国債や、満期を迎えた分の借り換えなどで、総額１７０兆円の国債を発行する。
Can Japan really avoid a fiscal disaster if it is running up so much debt? Won’t the prices of government bonds collapse in the market where government debt securities are traded?
こんなに借金を重ねて大丈夫なのか。発行後に国債が売買される市場で国債価格が急落（金利が急上昇）しないのか。
Huge potential risks in the market
■市場に潜む危うさ
Most government bonds are financed by domestic funds, ultimately by the savings of the people. Many experts say there is no need to worry about a full-blown debt crisis in Japan because the government is not dependent on borrowing from fickle foreign investors who rush to the exit at the first hint of trouble.
国債の大半は、国内の資金、もとをたどれば国民の貯蓄でまかなわれている。逃げ足の速い海外マネーに頼っているわけではないから、大丈夫。こう説明されることが多い。
This common fiscal narrative is correct from the viewpoint of the flow of money. But we should not overlook one worrisome factor behind the money flow structure.
おカネの流れを見れば、その通りだ。ただ、この流れに潜む構図を見落としてはならない。
That’s the Bank of Japan’s aggressive monetary easing, which has been described as “different dimension” expansion of money supply.
「異次元」とも称される、日本銀行による大胆な金融緩和策である。
As the centerpiece of its credit easing program, the central bank is buying tremendous amounts of government bonds. Since it adopted additional monetary easing measures last autumn, the BOJ has been buying up to 90 percent of the bonds the government issues in the market.
この政策の柱として、日銀は大量に国債を買っている。昨年秋の緩和策第２弾を経て、そのペースは、政府が市場で発行する分の最大９割に及ぶ。
The BOJ is legally banned from underwriting government bonds, or buying bonds directly from the government.
日銀が政府から国債を直接買う「引き受け」は、法律で禁じられている。
This rule was established because the Japanese central bank once caused a virulent bout of inflation by helping the wartime government raise funds to finance the war.
かつて政府の戦費調達などに日銀が手を貸し、激しいインフレを招いた反省からだ。
Currently, the BOJ buys government bonds via private-sector financial institutions, just short of underwriting of government bonds.
現状は金融機関を経て購入しているとはいえ、引き受けも同然と言える。
Anything could happen in a financial market. Nobody can guarantee that Japanese government bonds will never crash.
何が起きるか分からないのが、市場だ。「日本の国債だけは価格が暴落しない」というわけにはいかない。
If the bond market is roiled by a massive selloff by speculators, corporate borrowing costs as well as interest rates on housing loans will soar. When that happens, the government’s tax revenue will fall due to the consequent weakening of the economy while the government’s debt servicing costs will surge. That will be a fiscal nightmare not unlike what Greece is now facing.
投機筋などによる売り浴びせをきっかけに混乱が広がれば、企業の借り入れや住宅ローンの金利が急上昇し、景気の悪化に伴って税収が減る一方、国債の利払いは増える。ギリシャの惨状は遠い外国の話ではなくなる。
In order to prevent this kind of fiscal disaster, the government needs to keep demonstrating its solid commitment to paying back debt and thereby avoid arousing doubts about its creditworthiness.
そんな事態を避けるには、政府が「借金を返していく」という姿勢を示し続け、「すき」を見せないことだ。
Currently, the BOJ is nipping market disruptions in the bud with its massive bond purchases. But the potential risk is underscored by the fact that none other than BOJ Governor Haruhiko Kuroda has been preaching the importance of fiscal rehabilitation to the government.
今は日銀が国債の大量購入で波乱の芽を封じ込めている格好だが、日銀の黒田総裁自身が政府に財政再建の大切さを説いていることがそれを物語る。
Can’t bank on economic growth
■成長頼みは禁じ手
The government’s plan to regain fiscal health, which calls for a primary budget surplus in fiscal 2020, will be an acid test of the government’s will to pay off debt.
２０年度の基礎的財政収支の黒字化を目指す政府の財政再建策は、借金を返していく意思を問う試金石だ。
But the government’s plan is based on the assumption that its tax revenue will keep growing in line with nominal economic growth at annual rates of over 3 percent, a target that is hard to achieve.
ところが、である。
毎年名目で３％台という、実現が難しい成長を前提として、税収も伸びていくと見込む。
While calling on the government to go ahead with the postponed additional increase in the consumption tax rate to 10 percent, the prescription for curing the nation’s fiscal woes doesn’t propose any further tax hike.
増税については、１回延期した消費税率の１０％への引き上げこそ織り込むものの、それ以上は封印。
The plan calls for policy efforts to curb budget growth and cut certain expenditures. But it offers no specific measures or a road map to rein in government spending.
歳出の抑制・削減策も、メニューこそ並べたが、具体案や実行への道筋は先送りした。
The government should seek to increase its tax receipts by stoking economic growth. But banking on revenue growth due to economic expansion is a hope-for-the-best approach to restoring fiscal health that should not be adopted.
経済成長に伴う税収増を目指すのは当然としても、それに頼ることは「期待」頼みの財政再建であり、禁じ手だ。
A reliable way to cure the budget ills is resorting to a combination of spending cuts and tax hikes. Both will inevitably be painful.
確実な手段は、歳出の削減と増税の二つ。ともに痛みを伴う。
First of all, the government needs to hammer out a realistic and effective plan to restrain budget growth and reduce its outlays. All policy areas need to be reviewed for budget cuts. But the focus should be on social security spending, which accounts for one-third of the general-account budget.
まずは歳出の抑制・削減だ。あらゆる分野にメスを入れる必要があるが、焦点は国の一般会計の３分の１を占める社会保障分野だ。
If nothing is done, social security spending will continue growing automatically by nearly 1 trillion yen every year due to the aging of the population.
高齢化に伴い、放っておけば毎年１兆円近いペースで増え続ける。
Japan’s social security system, whose main components include the public health-care, nursing-care and pension programs, is structured along the lines of generations. Basically, the working population supports retired seniors.
医療や介護、年金など、社会保障は「世代」を軸に制度が作られ、現役世代が高齢者を支えるのが基本的な仕組みだ。
Given that disparities in assets and income are growing within the same generations, however, it is vital to restructure the system toward distribution of the burden according to wealth.
しかし、同じ世代の中で資産や所得の格差が開いていることを考えれば「持てる人から持たざる人へ」という軸を加え、制度を改めていくことが不可欠だ。
Considering the seriousness of the fiscal squeeze, curbing budget growth and trimming expenditures here and there alone will be far from enough. The government should also consider a tax increase.
財政難の深刻さを考えれば、歳出の抑制・削減だけでは間に合わず、増税も視野に入れるべきだ。
The pillar of any plan to increase taxes should be a consumption tax hike.
柱になるのは消費税の増税である。
The most appropriate source of revenue to finance social security spending, which grows regardless of economic conditions, is the consumption tax. That’s because consumption tax receipts are less susceptible to economic conditions, and the burden is shared broadly by the entire public.
景気にかかわらず増えていく社会保障をまかなうには、税収が景気に左右されにくく、国民全体で「薄く広く」負担する消費税が適している。
The plan for integrated tax and social security reform worked out by the government three years ago is based on these ideas.
３年前に政府が決めた「社会保障と税の一体改革」は、そうした考え方を根本にすえる。
The administration of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has ruled out raising the consumption tax rate above 10 percent. But a 10-percent consumption tax will be grossly insufficient to rebuild Japan’s debt-laden public finances.
安倍政権は１０％を超える増税を否定するが、それではとても足りない。
That’s obvious from the fact that many European countries impose a value-added tax (equivalent to Japan’s consumption tax) of around 20 percent on purchases of goods and services.
欧州の多くの国が付加価値税（日本の消費税に相当）の税率を２０％前後としていることからも明らかだ。
As part of an effective tax overhaul, the income and inheritance taxes, which are levied on people’s income and assets, should also be reviewed for making the well-to-do shoulder their fair share of the burden.
所得や資産に課税する所得税や相続税も、豊かな層に応分の負担をしてもらう方向で見直す。そんな税制を目指したい。
Inevitable pains
■避けられない痛み
All these reforms would be painful for taxpayers. But they are inevitable steps to ensure the long-term sustainability of social security and stop shifting the burden to future generations.
いずれも痛みを伴う改革だ。しかし、社会保障を持続可能にし、将来世代へのつけ回しをやめるには、避けて通れない。
If the government shies away from fiscal reform and allows the situation to continue deteriorating, it could eventually face a fiscal collapse.
財政の再建から逃げ、放置すれば、いずれ破綻（はたん）しかねない。
Such a situation would cause the biggest damage to people’s livelihoods.
いったんそうなれば、国民の生活がもっと大きな痛みを強いられる。
Japanese are now facing a crucial choice. Do they accept a radical reform of the system and an increase in their burden to be implemented through revisions to related laws by their elected representatives? Or do they opt to allow market pressure from rising interest rates to force them into necessary reforms?
選挙で選んだ代表を通じ、法律を改正して制度の再設計や負担増を受け入れるのか。金利急騰といった市場の圧力に追いたてられて取り組むのか。
We should choose burden sharing through the democratic process.
民主主義の手続きに基づく負担の分かち合いを選びたい。
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Take all possible measures to prevent Greek crisis from expanding globally
ギリシャ危機 混乱の拡大防ぐ最善の努力を
All countries and organizations concerned must do whatever it takes to solve Greece’s financial crisis, thereby avoiding economic turmoil originating in Europe.
欧州発の経済混乱を回避するため、関係する各国・機関は、事態打開へ全力を挙げるべきだ。
The negotiations on a bailout plan between Greece and the European Union, among others, have broken off.
ギリシャ支援を巡る欧州連合（ＥＵ）などとギリシャとの協議が決裂した。
The EU presented a compromise plan to extend the expiry of its financial support until the end of November from the originally scheduled end of June on condition that Greece accept structural reform proposals such as tax increases and cuts in pension payments.
ＥＵ側は、年金減額や増税といった構造改革案の受け入れを条件に、６月末の支援期限を１１月末まで延長する妥協案を示した。
However, Greece suddenly announced a plan to hold a national referendum on the EU proposals on July 5. Furiously angered by the announcement, the EU has decided to cut off assistance as originally scheduled.
だが、ギリシャは突如、ＥＵ案の是非を問う国民投票を７月５日に行う方針を表明した。これに猛反発したＥＵ側は、期限通りに支援を打ち切ることを決めた。
The rupture in talks plunged the world’s stock markets into turmoil Monday, with the key Nikkei Stock Average closing down nearly 600 points Monday compared with Friday’s close.
交渉決裂を受けた週明け、東京市場の平均株価が６００円近く下落するなど、世界の市場に混乱が波及している。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said, “Japan will analyze the problems, too, and carefully deal with the situation.”
菅官房長官は記者会見で、「日本も問題の情勢分析、対応に遺漏がないようにする」と述べた。
Financial authorities of Japan, the United States and other countries need to prevent the crisis from expanding by cooperating closely with the EU and the International Monetary Fund.
日米をはじめ各国の金融当局は、ＥＵや国際通貨基金（ＩＭＦ）と緊密に連携し、危機拡大を食い止める必要がある。
The time limit for Greece’s repayment of about €1.5 billion to the IMF comes Tuesday. There is a strong possibility that Greece will default due to a shortage of funds.
ギリシャは３０日、ＩＭＦに対する約１５億ユーロの債務の返済期限を迎える。資金不足で債務不履行（デフォルト）に陥る恐れが強い。
The EU has decided to discontinue the bailout plan probably because it judged that even if Greece defaults on repayment, the adverse effects on markets will be limited since lenders are mostly governments and central banks of other countries.
ＥＵが支援打ち切りを決めたのは、貸し手の大半が各国政府や中央銀行で、ギリシャがデフォルトになっても、市場への悪影響が限られると判断したのだろう。
Avoid underestimation
But the fact remains that the Greek crisis could deal a blow to markets given the complexity of speculation by dealers. Underestimating any possible impact is something to be carefully avoided.
しかし、様々な思惑が錯綜さくそうする市場では、ギリシャ問題が想定外の打撃をもたらす懸念は拭えない。過小評価は禁物である。
Of course, the best solution is for Greece to accept the EU reform proposals so the time limit for repayment can be extended.
無論、事態の沈静化を図る最善の道は、ギリシャがＥＵ側の改革案を受け入れ、支援延長を実現することだ。
The Greek administration of Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras announced the national referendum plan abruptly in an attempt to draw concessions from the EU on the pretext of “the public’s will.” The Tsipras administration also has likely concluded that acceptance of the EU proposals based on the result of the referendum would provide a good excuse for the administration to alter its anti-austerity policy.
チプラス政権が国民投票を唐突に打ち出したのは、「民意」を盾にＥＵへ譲歩を迫る狙いがある。投票の結果、ＥＵ案を受け入れるのなら、反緊縮路線を変更する名分が立つとの計算もあろう。
The Greek people have not been well informed about the progress of negotiations with the EU and the possible impact a default would cause. Therefore, it would be irresponsible for the administration to saddle the people with making the final decision.
ギリシャ国民は、ＥＵとの交渉経過やデフォルトがもたらす影響を十分に知らされていない。政権が国民に最終判断を丸投げするのは、あまりに無責任だ。
The Greek government has resorted to capital control measures, including shutting banks and setting a limit on cash withdrawals, leading to long lines of anxious people in front of ATMs.
ギリシャ政府は、銀行の休業や預金引き出し制限などの資本規制に踏み切った。現金自動預け払い機（ＡＴＭ）に長い列ができるなど国民に不安が広がっている。
These steps are merely stopgaps. If Greece’s exit from the eurozone becomes reality, its economy will most certainly fall into a serious predicament.
こうした規制は一時しのぎに過ぎない。ユーロ圏からの離脱が現実味を帯びれば、ギリシャ経済が深刻な苦境に陥るのは必至だ。
To help prevent further suffering, the Greek government must sincerely explain to the people the need for concessions and move toward compromising with the EU.
国民をこれ以上苦しめないためにも、ギリシャ政府は譲歩の必要性を国民に真摯しんしに説明し、ＥＵ側に歩み寄らねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 30, 2015)
Take all possible measures to prevent Greek crisis from expanding globally
ギリシャ危機 混乱の拡大防ぐ最善の努力を
All countries and organizations concerned must do whatever it takes to solve Greece’s financial crisis, thereby avoiding economic turmoil originating in Europe.
欧州発の経済混乱を回避するため、関係する各国・機関は、事態打開へ全力を挙げるべきだ。
The negotiations on a bailout plan between Greece and the European Union, among others, have broken off.
ギリシャ支援を巡る欧州連合（ＥＵ）などとギリシャとの協議が決裂した。
The EU presented a compromise plan to extend the expiry of its financial support until the end of November from the originally scheduled end of June on condition that Greece accept structural reform proposals such as tax increases and cuts in pension payments.
ＥＵ側は、年金減額や増税といった構造改革案の受け入れを条件に、６月末の支援期限を１１月末まで延長する妥協案を示した。
However, Greece suddenly announced a plan to hold a national referendum on the EU proposals on July 5. Furiously angered by the announcement, the EU has decided to cut off assistance as originally scheduled.
だが、ギリシャは突如、ＥＵ案の是非を問う国民投票を７月５日に行う方針を表明した。これに猛反発したＥＵ側は、期限通りに支援を打ち切ることを決めた。
The rupture in talks plunged the world’s stock markets into turmoil Monday, with the key Nikkei Stock Average closing down nearly 600 points Monday compared with Friday’s close.
交渉決裂を受けた週明け、東京市場の平均株価が６００円近く下落するなど、世界の市場に混乱が波及している。
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said, “Japan will analyze the problems, too, and carefully deal with the situation.”
菅官房長官は記者会見で、「日本も問題の情勢分析、対応に遺漏がないようにする」と述べた。
Financial authorities of Japan, the United States and other countries need to prevent the crisis from expanding by cooperating closely with the EU and the International Monetary Fund.
日米をはじめ各国の金融当局は、ＥＵや国際通貨基金（ＩＭＦ）と緊密に連携し、危機拡大を食い止める必要がある。
The time limit for Greece’s repayment of about €1.5 billion to the IMF comes Tuesday. There is a strong possibility that Greece will default due to a shortage of funds.
ギリシャは３０日、ＩＭＦに対する約１５億ユーロの債務の返済期限を迎える。資金不足で債務不履行（デフォルト）に陥る恐れが強い。
The EU has decided to discontinue the bailout plan probably because it judged that even if Greece defaults on repayment, the adverse effects on markets will be limited since lenders are mostly governments and central banks of other countries.
ＥＵが支援打ち切りを決めたのは、貸し手の大半が各国政府や中央銀行で、ギリシャがデフォルトになっても、市場への悪影響が限られると判断したのだろう。
Avoid underestimation
But the fact remains that the Greek crisis could deal a blow to markets given the complexity of speculation by dealers. Underestimating any possible impact is something to be carefully avoided.
しかし、様々な思惑が錯綜さくそうする市場では、ギリシャ問題が想定外の打撃をもたらす懸念は拭えない。過小評価は禁物である。
Of course, the best solution is for Greece to accept the EU reform proposals so the time limit for repayment can be extended.
無論、事態の沈静化を図る最善の道は、ギリシャがＥＵ側の改革案を受け入れ、支援延長を実現することだ。
The Greek administration of Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras announced the national referendum plan abruptly in an attempt to draw concessions from the EU on the pretext of “the public’s will.” The Tsipras administration also has likely concluded that acceptance of the EU proposals based on the result of the referendum would provide a good excuse for the administration to alter its anti-austerity policy.
チプラス政権が国民投票を唐突に打ち出したのは、「民意」を盾にＥＵへ譲歩を迫る狙いがある。投票の結果、ＥＵ案を受け入れるのなら、反緊縮路線を変更する名分が立つとの計算もあろう。
The Greek people have not been well informed about the progress of negotiations with the EU and the possible impact a default would cause. Therefore, it would be irresponsible for the administration to saddle the people with making the final decision.
ギリシャ国民は、ＥＵとの交渉経過やデフォルトがもたらす影響を十分に知らされていない。政権が国民に最終判断を丸投げするのは、あまりに無責任だ。
The Greek government has resorted to capital control measures, including shutting banks and setting a limit on cash withdrawals, leading to long lines of anxious people in front of ATMs.
ギリシャ政府は、銀行の休業や預金引き出し制限などの資本規制に踏み切った。現金自動預け払い機（ＡＴＭ）に長い列ができるなど国民に不安が広がっている。
These steps are merely stopgaps. If Greece’s exit from the eurozone becomes reality, its economy will most certainly fall into a serious predicament.
こうした規制は一時しのぎに過ぎない。ユーロ圏からの離脱が現実味を帯びれば、ギリシャ経済が深刻な苦境に陥るのは必至だ。
To help prevent further suffering, the Greek government must sincerely explain to the people the need for concessions and move toward compromising with the EU.
国民をこれ以上苦しめないためにも、ギリシャ政府は譲歩の必要性を国民に真摯しんしに説明し、ＥＵ側に歩み寄らねばならない。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 30, 2015)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
What are implications of LDP move to raise limit on Japan Post deposits?
郵貯限度額上げ 自民党提言の「含意」はどこに
Is there any convincing reason for hastening an increase in the deposit limit at the state-owned Japan Post Bank Co.? The wisdom of raising the ceiling is extremely questionable.
郵便貯金の限度額引き上げを急ぐ必要があるのか、甚だ疑問である。
The Liberal Democratic Party has worked out a set of proposals that would increase the per-person deposit ceiling for postal savings from the current ¥10 million to ¥30 million in stages.
自民党が、ゆうちょ銀行の貯金限度額を１０００万円から段階的に３０００万円に引き上げるべきだとする提言をまとめた。
The LDP has also set out a policy seeking to boost the maximum amount of life insurance coverage at Japan Post Insurance Co. to ¥20 million from the present ¥13 million. The party is calling for the government to put the proposals into force by the end of September this year.
かんぽ生命保険の加入限度額についても、現在の最大１３００万円から２０００万円に増額する方針を掲げた。政府に対し、今年９月末までの実施を求めている。
The proposals say the current limit on postal savings is excessively low when taking into consideration such factors as convenience for depositors. However, the additional Diet resolution that accompanied the April 2012 enactment of the revision of the Postal Service Privatization Law stated explicitly that the deposit cap will “not be raised at least for the time being.”
提言は、利便性などを考えれば、現行の限度額は低すぎると指摘している。しかし、２０１２年４月の郵政民営化法改正時の付帯決議は、限度額を「当面は引き上げない」と明記している。
This move by the LDP is clearly running counter to the spirit of the additional Diet resolution.
この趣旨に反するのは明らかである。
Japan Post Group is a state-owned, privately run enterprise with the government holding 100 percent of its paid-in capital. Should Japan Post Bank scramble to increase its total deposits on the strength of an implicit government guarantee, there could be a drain on deposits at private-sector regional financial institutions that compete with the postal bank.
郵政グループは、政府が１００％出資する国有民営の企業だ。政府の信用を背景に貯金集めに走れば、競合する地域金融機関から預金が流出することになろう。
It is only natural that the banking world is strongly concerned that an increase in the postal bank deposit cap would squeeze private businesses in the financial sector.
金融業界が、限度額の引き上げによる「民業圧迫」に強い懸念を示しているのは当然である。
The proposed deposit cap increase is also inconsistent with the business strategy of Japan Post Bank, which aims to facilitate collaboration with regional financial institutions through such means as formulating business ties with them. The government should carefully consider the advisability of the LDP proposals.
地域金融機関との業務提携などを目指すゆうちょ銀の経営戦略とも整合性を欠く。政府は、提言の是非を慎重に検討すべきだ。
Japan Post Group is scheduled to list the stocks of three companies, Japan Post Holdings Co. and two units under its umbrella — Japan Post Bank Co. and Japan Post Insurance Co. — at the same time this coming autumn or later.
郵政グループは、持ち株会社の日本郵政と傘下のゆうちょ銀、かんぽ生命の計３社の株式を、今秋以降、同時に上場する予定だ。
Post offices’ vote-drawing power
The pace at which the three companies’ stocks will be put on the market remains unclear, however. Fully privatizing Japan Post Bank and the others by selling all their stocks is just a nonbinding goal to strive for.
ただ、３社の株式がどのようなペースで市場に売却されるのか不透明である。ゆうちょ銀株などを全て売却する完全民営化は、努力目標に過ぎない。
Preparations for raising the deposit limit should be launched only after the specific path toward full privatization of the Japan Post Group firms is clarified, after the sale of their shares to the public gets on track.
限度額の引き上げは、株式の売却が軌道に乗り、完全民営化への道筋がはっきりした段階で着手するのが筋だ。
The outstanding deposits at Japan Post Bank are estimated at ¥180 trillion, nearly double the figure for any one of the nation’s private mega-banks.
ゆうちょ銀の貯金残高は約１８０兆円とメガバンクの２倍近い。
Its huge sum of government bond holdings, which account for more than half the assets of the postal bank, has excessively low interest rates, making it difficult for the postal bank to secure profits from holding them.
巨額の資産の半分以上を占める国債は低金利で、運用益は思うように上がっていない。
If the postal bank continues increasing its savings without any promising outlook for using them, it will become even harder for it to manage its deposits.
展望もなく貯金を増やせば、運用難に拍車をかける恐れがある。
Japan Post Co. President Taizo Nishimuro said at a news conference in April that although he believes the deposit cap should eventually be eliminated, he wondered whether abolishing the ceiling “would really be a move in the right direction when viewed from the perspective of the financial world as a whole.”
日本郵政の西室泰三社長は４月の記者会見で、限度額撤廃が望ましいとしつつ、「金融界全体からみて正しい方向かどうか疑問を持っている」と述べた。
However, the National Association of Postmasters (Zentoku), the nationwide organization of local post office chiefs, has been seeking a higher cap on the deposits, because raising the cap will increase commission revenues for individual post offices.
ただ、個々の郵便局は貯金額などに応じて手数料が増えるメリットがあり、全国郵便局長会（全特）は引き上げを求めている。
In the 2013 House of Councillors election, a candidate from Zentoku ran in the proportional representation contest on an LDP ticket and won with the largest number of votes of any LDP candidate.
一昨年の参院比例選で、自民党の全特出身候補が党内トップ当選を果たした。
The ruling party subsequently included a review of the postal bank deposit cap in the electoral platform in last year’s House of Representatives election.
自民党は昨年の衆院選公約に限度額見直しを掲げた。
The LDP may be eager to see post offices give full play to their vote-gathering abilities in next year’s upper house election as well.
来年の参院選でも郵便局に集票力を発揮してほしい。
The party’s recent proposals may have been designed to serve such a purpose.
そんな意図を込めた提言ではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 29, 2015)
What are implications of LDP move to raise limit on Japan Post deposits?
郵貯限度額上げ 自民党提言の「含意」はどこに
Is there any convincing reason for hastening an increase in the deposit limit at the state-owned Japan Post Bank Co.? The wisdom of raising the ceiling is extremely questionable.
郵便貯金の限度額引き上げを急ぐ必要があるのか、甚だ疑問である。
The Liberal Democratic Party has worked out a set of proposals that would increase the per-person deposit ceiling for postal savings from the current ¥10 million to ¥30 million in stages.
自民党が、ゆうちょ銀行の貯金限度額を１０００万円から段階的に３０００万円に引き上げるべきだとする提言をまとめた。
The LDP has also set out a policy seeking to boost the maximum amount of life insurance coverage at Japan Post Insurance Co. to ¥20 million from the present ¥13 million. The party is calling for the government to put the proposals into force by the end of September this year.
かんぽ生命保険の加入限度額についても、現在の最大１３００万円から２０００万円に増額する方針を掲げた。政府に対し、今年９月末までの実施を求めている。
The proposals say the current limit on postal savings is excessively low when taking into consideration such factors as convenience for depositors. However, the additional Diet resolution that accompanied the April 2012 enactment of the revision of the Postal Service Privatization Law stated explicitly that the deposit cap will “not be raised at least for the time being.”
提言は、利便性などを考えれば、現行の限度額は低すぎると指摘している。しかし、２０１２年４月の郵政民営化法改正時の付帯決議は、限度額を「当面は引き上げない」と明記している。
This move by the LDP is clearly running counter to the spirit of the additional Diet resolution.
この趣旨に反するのは明らかである。
Japan Post Group is a state-owned, privately run enterprise with the government holding 100 percent of its paid-in capital. Should Japan Post Bank scramble to increase its total deposits on the strength of an implicit government guarantee, there could be a drain on deposits at private-sector regional financial institutions that compete with the postal bank.
郵政グループは、政府が１００％出資する国有民営の企業だ。政府の信用を背景に貯金集めに走れば、競合する地域金融機関から預金が流出することになろう。
It is only natural that the banking world is strongly concerned that an increase in the postal bank deposit cap would squeeze private businesses in the financial sector.
金融業界が、限度額の引き上げによる「民業圧迫」に強い懸念を示しているのは当然である。
The proposed deposit cap increase is also inconsistent with the business strategy of Japan Post Bank, which aims to facilitate collaboration with regional financial institutions through such means as formulating business ties with them. The government should carefully consider the advisability of the LDP proposals.
地域金融機関との業務提携などを目指すゆうちょ銀の経営戦略とも整合性を欠く。政府は、提言の是非を慎重に検討すべきだ。
Japan Post Group is scheduled to list the stocks of three companies, Japan Post Holdings Co. and two units under its umbrella — Japan Post Bank Co. and Japan Post Insurance Co. — at the same time this coming autumn or later.
郵政グループは、持ち株会社の日本郵政と傘下のゆうちょ銀、かんぽ生命の計３社の株式を、今秋以降、同時に上場する予定だ。
Post offices’ vote-drawing power
The pace at which the three companies’ stocks will be put on the market remains unclear, however. Fully privatizing Japan Post Bank and the others by selling all their stocks is just a nonbinding goal to strive for.
ただ、３社の株式がどのようなペースで市場に売却されるのか不透明である。ゆうちょ銀株などを全て売却する完全民営化は、努力目標に過ぎない。
Preparations for raising the deposit limit should be launched only after the specific path toward full privatization of the Japan Post Group firms is clarified, after the sale of their shares to the public gets on track.
限度額の引き上げは、株式の売却が軌道に乗り、完全民営化への道筋がはっきりした段階で着手するのが筋だ。
The outstanding deposits at Japan Post Bank are estimated at ¥180 trillion, nearly double the figure for any one of the nation’s private mega-banks.
ゆうちょ銀の貯金残高は約１８０兆円とメガバンクの２倍近い。
Its huge sum of government bond holdings, which account for more than half the assets of the postal bank, has excessively low interest rates, making it difficult for the postal bank to secure profits from holding them.
巨額の資産の半分以上を占める国債は低金利で、運用益は思うように上がっていない。
If the postal bank continues increasing its savings without any promising outlook for using them, it will become even harder for it to manage its deposits.
展望もなく貯金を増やせば、運用難に拍車をかける恐れがある。
Japan Post Co. President Taizo Nishimuro said at a news conference in April that although he believes the deposit cap should eventually be eliminated, he wondered whether abolishing the ceiling “would really be a move in the right direction when viewed from the perspective of the financial world as a whole.”
日本郵政の西室泰三社長は４月の記者会見で、限度額撤廃が望ましいとしつつ、「金融界全体からみて正しい方向かどうか疑問を持っている」と述べた。
However, the National Association of Postmasters (Zentoku), the nationwide organization of local post office chiefs, has been seeking a higher cap on the deposits, because raising the cap will increase commission revenues for individual post offices.
ただ、個々の郵便局は貯金額などに応じて手数料が増えるメリットがあり、全国郵便局長会（全特）は引き上げを求めている。
In the 2013 House of Councillors election, a candidate from Zentoku ran in the proportional representation contest on an LDP ticket and won with the largest number of votes of any LDP candidate.
一昨年の参院比例選で、自民党の全特出身候補が党内トップ当選を果たした。
The ruling party subsequently included a review of the postal bank deposit cap in the electoral platform in last year’s House of Representatives election.
自民党は昨年の衆院選公約に限度額見直しを掲げた。
The LDP may be eager to see post offices give full play to their vote-gathering abilities in next year’s upper house election as well.
来年の参院選でも郵便局に集票力を発揮してほしい。
The party’s recent proposals may have been designed to serve such a purpose.
そんな意図を込めた提言ではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 29, 2015)
idioms and words in this news,
leave no stone unturned 八方手をつくす.
(srachai)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Vital for Japan to continue dialogue with Russia, based on G-7 agreement
日露電話会談 Ｇ７合意踏まえた対話が重要
It is vital that Japan continues to hold dialogue with Russia, and to firmly criticize it over the current situation in Ukraine.
ウクライナ情勢では批判をきちんと加えつつ、ロシアとの対話を重ねることが大切である。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke by phone. Abe again invited Putin to visit Japan this year, and both leaders agreed to continue bilateral dialogue.
安倍首相がプーチン露大統領と電話会談し、年内の来日を改めて招請した。日露間の対話継続でも一致した。
Abe called on Putin to play a constructive role toward the complete implementation of a ceasefire agreement in eastern Ukraine. It is quite natural that Japan is in step with other members of the Group of Seven advanced nations in refusing to accept Russia’s unilateral attempts to change the status quo in Ukraine.
首相はプーチン氏に、ウクライナ東部での停戦合意の完全な履行に向けて建設的な役割を果たすよう求めた。ウクライナ情勢でのロシアによる一方的な現状変更は容認できず、先進７か国（Ｇ７）の足並みをそろえるのは当然だ。
This was the first conversation between Abe and Putin since they met in Beijing in November 2014. During their talks, the two leaders agreed Putin would visit Japan “at an appropriate time” before the end of this year.
両首脳の対話は、昨年１１月の北京での会談以来だ。この会談では、今年の「適切な時期」のプーチン氏来日で合意している。
The government will soon dispatch Shotaro Yachi, chief of the National Security Council’s secretariat, to Russia to help coordinate arrangements regarding the schedule for Putin’s visit and summit talks between Abe and Putin in third nations this autumn. A visit to Russia by Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida is also under consideration. We hope these opportunities for constructive exchanges of opinion at various levels will continue.
来日日程や今秋の第三国での首脳会談を調整するため、政府は近く谷内正太郎国家安全保障局長をロシアに派遣する。岸田外相の訪露も検討中だ。様々なレベルで建設的な意見交換を続けたい。
Abe has been navigating a tortuous path as he seeks to make progress in Japan-Russia relations in a bid to resolve the northern territories issue. Western nations have imposed a travel ban on Sergei Naryshkin, speaker of Russia’s lower house. But when Naryshkin visited Japan in May, Abe boldly pushed for a meeting and showed his stance of attaching great importance to improving Tokyo-Moscow ties.
首相は、北方領土問題の解決を目指し、日露関係の前進を図ろうと、難しい舵かじ取りを続けている。米欧が入国禁止対象とするナルイシキン露下院議長が５月に来日した際、あえて会談し、対露関係を重視する姿勢を示した。
In an interview with heads of foreign news agencies in mid-June, Putin said it is possible to resolve any problem and showed his willingness to hold a summit meeting with Abe.
プーチン氏も今月中旬、外国通信社幹部との会見で、「すべての問題は解決可能だ」と述べ、日露首脳会談に意欲を見せている。
Fishing ban a poke at Japan?
At a time when Russia’s economy is increasingly feeling the pinch due to economic sanctions imposed by the United States and European nations, taking steps that could invite deterioration in relations with Japan is not a smart policy for Putin.
米欧の経済制裁の影響でロシア経済が厳しさを増す中、プーチン氏にとっても、対日関係の悪化を招くのは得策ではあるまい。
It is unfortunate that both houses of the Russian Federal Assembly passed a bill that will ban drift-net fishing for salmon and trout from January within Russia’s exclusive economic zone, which extends for 200 nautical miles from that nation’s coast.
残念なのは、ロシア上下両院が、同国沿岸から２００カイリの排他的経済水域（ＥＥＺ）内でのサケ・マスの流し網漁を来年１月から禁止する法案を可決したことだ。
This ban will come into force if Putin signs it. If this happens, Japanese fishing boats will, in effect, become unable to operate in waters off the Chishima islands and some other areas.
プーチン氏が署名すれば施行され、千島列島沖などで日本漁船は事実上、操業できなくなる。
It has been estimated that if this ban comes into effect, the economic impact on industries in eastern Hokkaido could reach up to ¥25 billion annually. その場合、北海道東部の経済への影響額が年２５０億円に上るとの試算もある。
The government will need to leave no stone unturned as it devises countermeasures to minimize the impact of this blow.
打撃を最小限に抑えるため、政府は、対策に知恵を絞らなければならない。
Russia has justified the bill by saying it is intended to protect marine resources. However, the Japanese government has argued there are sufficient resources in these waters.
法案は「漁業資源の保護」を理由としており、日本側は「資源は十分ある」と反論してきた。
During his phone conversation with Putin, Abe called on the Russian side to give consideration “to what is a very alarming situation for fishermen in the region.” About four hours after this request, the bill was passed.
安倍首相も電話会談で「地域の漁民には大変憂慮すべき事態」とロシア側の配慮を求めたが、その約４時間後に法案は可決された。
It is regrettable that Japan’s plea was not accepted.
日本の主張が受け入れられなかったのは遺憾である。
Russia has extended for one year its ban on imports of agricultural products from the United States, the European Union and elsewhere, which it launched in response to sanctions that have been slapped on Moscow.
ロシアは、対露制裁を続ける米国や欧州連合（ＥＵ）などから農産物の輸入を禁止する対抗措置を１年間延長した。
It seems to us that Russia might, under the guise of resource protection, be trying to shake Japan’s sanctions.
資源保護を名目に、日本の制裁にも揺さぶりをかけてきたのではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 28, 2015)
leave no stone unturned 八方手をつくす.
(srachai)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Vital for Japan to continue dialogue with Russia, based on G-7 agreement
日露電話会談 Ｇ７合意踏まえた対話が重要
It is vital that Japan continues to hold dialogue with Russia, and to firmly criticize it over the current situation in Ukraine.
ウクライナ情勢では批判をきちんと加えつつ、ロシアとの対話を重ねることが大切である。
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke by phone. Abe again invited Putin to visit Japan this year, and both leaders agreed to continue bilateral dialogue.
安倍首相がプーチン露大統領と電話会談し、年内の来日を改めて招請した。日露間の対話継続でも一致した。
Abe called on Putin to play a constructive role toward the complete implementation of a ceasefire agreement in eastern Ukraine. It is quite natural that Japan is in step with other members of the Group of Seven advanced nations in refusing to accept Russia’s unilateral attempts to change the status quo in Ukraine.
首相はプーチン氏に、ウクライナ東部での停戦合意の完全な履行に向けて建設的な役割を果たすよう求めた。ウクライナ情勢でのロシアによる一方的な現状変更は容認できず、先進７か国（Ｇ７）の足並みをそろえるのは当然だ。
This was the first conversation between Abe and Putin since they met in Beijing in November 2014. During their talks, the two leaders agreed Putin would visit Japan “at an appropriate time” before the end of this year.
両首脳の対話は、昨年１１月の北京での会談以来だ。この会談では、今年の「適切な時期」のプーチン氏来日で合意している。
The government will soon dispatch Shotaro Yachi, chief of the National Security Council’s secretariat, to Russia to help coordinate arrangements regarding the schedule for Putin’s visit and summit talks between Abe and Putin in third nations this autumn. A visit to Russia by Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida is also under consideration. We hope these opportunities for constructive exchanges of opinion at various levels will continue.
来日日程や今秋の第三国での首脳会談を調整するため、政府は近く谷内正太郎国家安全保障局長をロシアに派遣する。岸田外相の訪露も検討中だ。様々なレベルで建設的な意見交換を続けたい。
Abe has been navigating a tortuous path as he seeks to make progress in Japan-Russia relations in a bid to resolve the northern territories issue. Western nations have imposed a travel ban on Sergei Naryshkin, speaker of Russia’s lower house. But when Naryshkin visited Japan in May, Abe boldly pushed for a meeting and showed his stance of attaching great importance to improving Tokyo-Moscow ties.
首相は、北方領土問題の解決を目指し、日露関係の前進を図ろうと、難しい舵かじ取りを続けている。米欧が入国禁止対象とするナルイシキン露下院議長が５月に来日した際、あえて会談し、対露関係を重視する姿勢を示した。
In an interview with heads of foreign news agencies in mid-June, Putin said it is possible to resolve any problem and showed his willingness to hold a summit meeting with Abe.
プーチン氏も今月中旬、外国通信社幹部との会見で、「すべての問題は解決可能だ」と述べ、日露首脳会談に意欲を見せている。
Fishing ban a poke at Japan?
At a time when Russia’s economy is increasingly feeling the pinch due to economic sanctions imposed by the United States and European nations, taking steps that could invite deterioration in relations with Japan is not a smart policy for Putin.
米欧の経済制裁の影響でロシア経済が厳しさを増す中、プーチン氏にとっても、対日関係の悪化を招くのは得策ではあるまい。
It is unfortunate that both houses of the Russian Federal Assembly passed a bill that will ban drift-net fishing for salmon and trout from January within Russia’s exclusive economic zone, which extends for 200 nautical miles from that nation’s coast.
残念なのは、ロシア上下両院が、同国沿岸から２００カイリの排他的経済水域（ＥＥＺ）内でのサケ・マスの流し網漁を来年１月から禁止する法案を可決したことだ。
This ban will come into force if Putin signs it. If this happens, Japanese fishing boats will, in effect, become unable to operate in waters off the Chishima islands and some other areas.
プーチン氏が署名すれば施行され、千島列島沖などで日本漁船は事実上、操業できなくなる。
It has been estimated that if this ban comes into effect, the economic impact on industries in eastern Hokkaido could reach up to ¥25 billion annually. その場合、北海道東部の経済への影響額が年２５０億円に上るとの試算もある。
The government will need to leave no stone unturned as it devises countermeasures to minimize the impact of this blow.
打撃を最小限に抑えるため、政府は、対策に知恵を絞らなければならない。
Russia has justified the bill by saying it is intended to protect marine resources. However, the Japanese government has argued there are sufficient resources in these waters.
法案は「漁業資源の保護」を理由としており、日本側は「資源は十分ある」と反論してきた。
During his phone conversation with Putin, Abe called on the Russian side to give consideration “to what is a very alarming situation for fishermen in the region.” About four hours after this request, the bill was passed.
安倍首相も電話会談で「地域の漁民には大変憂慮すべき事態」とロシア側の配慮を求めたが、その約４時間後に法案は可決された。
It is regrettable that Japan’s plea was not accepted.
日本の主張が受け入れられなかったのは遺憾である。
Russia has extended for one year its ban on imports of agricultural products from the United States, the European Union and elsewhere, which it launched in response to sanctions that have been slapped on Moscow.
ロシアは、対露制裁を続ける米国や欧州連合（ＥＵ）などから農産物の輸入を禁止する対抗措置を１年間延長した。
It seems to us that Russia might, under the guise of resource protection, be trying to shake Japan’s sanctions.
資源保護を名目に、日本の制裁にも揺さぶりをかけてきたのではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 28, 2015)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
U.S. legislation on fast-track authority must lead to early TPP trade accord
米大統領交渉権 ＴＰＰの早期妥結につなげよ
The conditions are finally in place to significantly push forward negotiations regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade pact.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）交渉を大きく進展させる環境が、ようやく整った。
Japan, the United States and 10 other participating countries should speed up negotiations to seal a multilateral trade deal as early as possible.
日米など参加１２か国は交渉を加速し、早期妥結を実現させるべきだ。
The U.S. Senate on Wednesday passed a Trade Promotion Authority bill that will grant President Barack Obama fast-track authority on trade deals. The bill was earlier approved by the House of Representatives and will become law after Obama signs it.
米上院が、オバマ大統領に通商一括交渉権（ＴＰＡ）を与える法案を可決した。下院ではすでに可決しており、大統領の署名を経て成立する。
There was concern that if a trade deal was reached without Obama being given TPA, any accord agreed to by the United States would be nullified due to U.S. congressional opposition. This prevented other participating nations from rallying the momentum to reach a broad TPP agreement.
大統領がＴＰＡを持たずに合意しても、議会の反対で約束が反故ほごにされる恐れがある。このため参加国では、ＴＰＰ大筋合意への機運が高まらなかった。
With the TPA legislation, the participating countries will aim to hammer out a broad accord at a ministerial meeting in July. For now, we welcome the TPP negotiations’ entry into a new phase.
ＴＰＡ成立を受け、参加国は７月中の閣僚会合で大筋合意を目指す。交渉が新たな局面に入ったことを、ひとまず歓迎したい。
TPP is an ambitious vision for creating a high-level free trade zone in the Asia-Pacific region. If realized, it will contribute greatly to the development and stability of the region. But tough negotiations lie ahead for all the participating countries because they are confronted with domestic opponents calling for protection of their domestic industries.
ＴＰＰは、アジア太平洋地域に高いレベルの自由貿易圏を創出する野心的な構想だ。実現すれば、地域経済の発展と安定に大きく寄与する。ただ、各国とも国内産業の保護を唱える反対派を抱え、難しい交渉を迫られている。
The Obama administration’s stance is to promote the TPP deal. But the Democratic Party, which is supposed to support Obama, takes a strongly cautious view of the deal because the party is backed by labor unions. In contrast, most lawmakers from the Republican Party are in favor of pushing the TPP deal.
オバマ政権は、ＴＰＰ推進の立場だが、身内のはずの民主党は、労働組合を支持層としていることもあり、慎重論が根強い。一方、共和党では、ＴＰＰに前向きな議員が多数派を形成する。
Overall perspective vital
Due to the differences in opinion between the president and the Democratic Party, the TPA bill was in limbo for more than two years.
大統領と民主党の意見の食い違いが災いし、ＴＰＡ法案の扱いは２年以上も迷走した。
The lack of leadership by Obama, who is passive about winning over the opposing legislators, is undeniably to blame for exacerbating the turmoil surrounding the matter.
議会の説得に消極的だったオバマ氏の指導力不足も、混迷に拍車をかけたことは否めまい。
Now that the battle in Congress has been settled, the focus has shifted to the fate of the TPP negotiations themselves. But it cannot be predicted how the talks will unfold.
米議会での攻防が収束し、焦点はＴＰＰ交渉そのものに移る。その行方は予断を許さない。
Japan and the United States have made progress in their bilateral negotiations on such matters as tariff cuts on beef and pork imports. The issues left unresolved include expansion of U.S. rice imports by Japan, on which Tokyo is reluctant to concede, and the timetable and range of U.S. tariff cuts on automobile parts imported from Japan.
日米交渉は、牛・豚肉の関税引き下げなどで進展している。ただ、日本が難色を示してきた米国産コメの輸入拡大や、米国の自動車部品関税引き下げの時期や範囲など、残された課題もある。
Tough battles have continued between the United States and emerging countries in negotiations related to intellectual property rights, including the protection period and range for newly developed medicines.
米国と新興国は、新薬開発データの保護期間など知的財産権の分野で厳しい対立を続ける。
Top priority must be given to preventing the negotiations from drifting off course. As the countries to lead the TPP talks, Japan and the United States must cooperate to work out a final agreement as early as possible from a comprehensive standpoint.
交渉全体の漂流を回避することが最優先だ。ＴＰＰ交渉を主導する日米が大局的な見地に立ち、最終合意を急ぐことが肝心だ。
The significance of TPP is not limited to economic benefits accruing from the expansion of trade and investment. The TPP framework is also expected to serve as a check on China, which has been increasing its presence in both the economic and security spheres.
ＴＰＰの意義は、貿易や投資の拡大を通じた経済的な利益にとどまらない。経済と安全保障の両面で存在感を高める中国を、牽制けんせいする役割も期待される。
China has been making steady progress in pushing for such plans as establishment of the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank while expanding its aggressive maritime activities in the East and South China seas. If the TPP plan breaks apart in midair, it will help China become more aggressive and assertive. The participating countries should share this concern.
中国はアジアインフラ投資銀行（ＡＩＩＢ）の設立などを着々と進め、東・南シナ海で強引な海洋進出を図っている。ＴＰＰが空中分解に終われば、中国の攻勢はさらに強まろう。交渉参加国は、危機感を共有すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 26, 2015)
U.S. legislation on fast-track authority must lead to early TPP trade accord
米大統領交渉権 ＴＰＰの早期妥結につなげよ
The conditions are finally in place to significantly push forward negotiations regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade pact.
環太平洋経済連携協定（ＴＰＰ）交渉を大きく進展させる環境が、ようやく整った。
Japan, the United States and 10 other participating countries should speed up negotiations to seal a multilateral trade deal as early as possible.
日米など参加１２か国は交渉を加速し、早期妥結を実現させるべきだ。
The U.S. Senate on Wednesday passed a Trade Promotion Authority bill that will grant President Barack Obama fast-track authority on trade deals. The bill was earlier approved by the House of Representatives and will become law after Obama signs it.
米上院が、オバマ大統領に通商一括交渉権（ＴＰＡ）を与える法案を可決した。下院ではすでに可決しており、大統領の署名を経て成立する。
There was concern that if a trade deal was reached without Obama being given TPA, any accord agreed to by the United States would be nullified due to U.S. congressional opposition. This prevented other participating nations from rallying the momentum to reach a broad TPP agreement.
大統領がＴＰＡを持たずに合意しても、議会の反対で約束が反故ほごにされる恐れがある。このため参加国では、ＴＰＰ大筋合意への機運が高まらなかった。
With the TPA legislation, the participating countries will aim to hammer out a broad accord at a ministerial meeting in July. For now, we welcome the TPP negotiations’ entry into a new phase.
ＴＰＡ成立を受け、参加国は７月中の閣僚会合で大筋合意を目指す。交渉が新たな局面に入ったことを、ひとまず歓迎したい。
TPP is an ambitious vision for creating a high-level free trade zone in the Asia-Pacific region. If realized, it will contribute greatly to the development and stability of the region. But tough negotiations lie ahead for all the participating countries because they are confronted with domestic opponents calling for protection of their domestic industries.
ＴＰＰは、アジア太平洋地域に高いレベルの自由貿易圏を創出する野心的な構想だ。実現すれば、地域経済の発展と安定に大きく寄与する。ただ、各国とも国内産業の保護を唱える反対派を抱え、難しい交渉を迫られている。
The Obama administration’s stance is to promote the TPP deal. But the Democratic Party, which is supposed to support Obama, takes a strongly cautious view of the deal because the party is backed by labor unions. In contrast, most lawmakers from the Republican Party are in favor of pushing the TPP deal.
オバマ政権は、ＴＰＰ推進の立場だが、身内のはずの民主党は、労働組合を支持層としていることもあり、慎重論が根強い。一方、共和党では、ＴＰＰに前向きな議員が多数派を形成する。
Overall perspective vital
Due to the differences in opinion between the president and the Democratic Party, the TPA bill was in limbo for more than two years.
大統領と民主党の意見の食い違いが災いし、ＴＰＡ法案の扱いは２年以上も迷走した。
The lack of leadership by Obama, who is passive about winning over the opposing legislators, is undeniably to blame for exacerbating the turmoil surrounding the matter.
議会の説得に消極的だったオバマ氏の指導力不足も、混迷に拍車をかけたことは否めまい。
Now that the battle in Congress has been settled, the focus has shifted to the fate of the TPP negotiations themselves. But it cannot be predicted how the talks will unfold.
米議会での攻防が収束し、焦点はＴＰＰ交渉そのものに移る。その行方は予断を許さない。
Japan and the United States have made progress in their bilateral negotiations on such matters as tariff cuts on beef and pork imports. The issues left unresolved include expansion of U.S. rice imports by Japan, on which Tokyo is reluctant to concede, and the timetable and range of U.S. tariff cuts on automobile parts imported from Japan.
日米交渉は、牛・豚肉の関税引き下げなどで進展している。ただ、日本が難色を示してきた米国産コメの輸入拡大や、米国の自動車部品関税引き下げの時期や範囲など、残された課題もある。
Tough battles have continued between the United States and emerging countries in negotiations related to intellectual property rights, including the protection period and range for newly developed medicines.
米国と新興国は、新薬開発データの保護期間など知的財産権の分野で厳しい対立を続ける。
Top priority must be given to preventing the negotiations from drifting off course. As the countries to lead the TPP talks, Japan and the United States must cooperate to work out a final agreement as early as possible from a comprehensive standpoint.
交渉全体の漂流を回避することが最優先だ。ＴＰＰ交渉を主導する日米が大局的な見地に立ち、最終合意を急ぐことが肝心だ。
The significance of TPP is not limited to economic benefits accruing from the expansion of trade and investment. The TPP framework is also expected to serve as a check on China, which has been increasing its presence in both the economic and security spheres.
ＴＰＰの意義は、貿易や投資の拡大を通じた経済的な利益にとどまらない。経済と安全保障の両面で存在感を高める中国を、牽制けんせいする役割も期待される。
China has been making steady progress in pushing for such plans as establishment of the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank while expanding its aggressive maritime activities in the East and South China seas. If the TPP plan breaks apart in midair, it will help China become more aggressive and assertive. The participating countries should share this concern.
中国はアジアインフラ投資銀行（ＡＩＩＢ）の設立などを着々と進め、東・南シナ海で強引な海洋進出を図っている。ＴＰＰが空中分解に終われば、中国の攻勢はさらに強まろう。交渉参加国は、危機感を共有すべきである。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 26, 2015)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
After high-level talks with U.S., China still far from ‘responsible stakeholder’
米中戦略対話 「責任ある競争相手」に程遠い
The United States found a stage to deliver a stern reminder to China, which is continuing its high-handed behavior in maritime areas and in cyberspace, that it needs to follow the rules and fulfill its responsibilities as a major power.
海洋やサイバー空間で独善的な行動を続ける中国に、ルールを守り、大国としての責任を果たすよう、米国が厳しくクギを刺す場となった。
The seventh round of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue has been held in Washington. Over two days, high-level officials from both nations held discussions on a wide spectrum of issues ranging from national security to economic matters.
第７回米中戦略・経済対話がワシントンで行われ、双方の閣僚級が２日間、安全保障から経済まで幅広い課題を巡って議論した。
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called on China to halt its land reclamation around reefs and military facility construction in the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. “We do have a strong national interest in freedom of navigation and overflight,” Kerry said.
南シナ海のスプラトリー（南沙）諸島での中国による岩礁埋め立てと軍事施設の建設について、ケリー米国務長官は「米国は航行、飛行の自由に大きな国益をもつ」と述べ、中止するよう要求した。
Chinese State Councillor Yang Jiechi hit back, saying China has a “firm determination to safeguard territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.” China is attempting to unilaterally enclose the South China Sea as “its own sea.” We think this approach, which has no basis under international law, is completely unacceptable.
中国の楊潔チ国務委員は「海洋問題で領土主権と権益を守る」と反論した。国際法の根拠のないまま、南シナ海を「自国の海」として一方的に囲い込もうとする中国の姿勢は到底容認できない。
In mid-June, the Chinese government announced some of its land reclamation work will be completed soon. This was probably intended to temporarily ease antagonism with Washington ahead of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to the United States in September.
中国政府は今月中旬、埋め立てを「近く完了する」と表明した。習近平国家主席の訪米を９月に控え、米国との対立を一時的に緩和したい思惑があったのだろう。
However, what some observers have termed “a Great Wall of sand” has already been built due to China’s land reclamation. There appears to be no change in China’s plan to push on with preparing military facilities and a 3,000-meter runway. If this situation continues, distrust of China will only grow.
だが、埋め立てによる「砂の長城」はすでに築かれている。３０００メートル級の滑走路や軍事施設の整備などを続ける方針にも変化は見られない。このままでは、対中不信が高まるばかりだ。
Some progress made
In the economic field, U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew issued a sterner-than-usual criticism of China on cyber issues. “We remain deeply concerned about Chinese government-sponsored cyber-enabled theft of confidential business information and proprietary technology from U.S. companies,” Lew said.
経済分野では、ルー財務長官が「米企業の機密情報や特許技術を盗み取るサイバー攻撃を中国政府が支援していることを深く懸念する」と批判を一段と強めた。
Yang said Beijing supports the principle of developing an “international code of conduct for cyber information-sharing,” but a bilateral working group on cyber issues remains suspended. It would be a stretch to say China provided a sincere response on this issue.
楊氏は「各国がサイバー情報を共有するため、国際的な行動規範の構築に取り組むべきだ」と語ったが、サイバー問題に関する米中の作業部会は中断している。真摯しんしな対応とは言えまい。
U.S. President Barack Obama also expressed “ongoing U.S. concerns” about China’s cyber and maritime behavior, and he urged China to take “concrete steps” on these issues. It is hugely significant that the president directly called on China to deal with these matters appropriately.
オバマ大統領も、海洋進出とサイバー問題で中国側に「懸念」を伝え、「具体的措置」をとるよう促した。大統領が直接、中国に善処を求めた意義は小さくない。
With China seeking to build a “new type of major-power relationship” with the United States, it said both sides should “respect and accommodate each other’s core interests.” U.S. Vice President Joe Biden reportedly urged China to be a “responsible stakeholder” in the international system.
中国側は「新しいタイプの大国関係」構築に向けて、領土・主権など双方の「核心的利益」を尊重することを改めて訴えた。バイデン副大統領は「責任ある競争相手」になるよう戒めたという。
If China genuinely wants to realize a “major-power relationship,” in which it stands on an equal footing with the United States, it should start by fulfilling the responsibilities commensurate with such a position.
中国が米国と対等の「大国関係」を実現したいのなら、まず相応の責任を果たすべきだろう。
There was progress made elsewhere, as the United States and China reached agreement on a raft of issues including climate change and people-to-people exchanges. They also agreed to expand technological cooperation as a countermeasure to combat climate change. China is scheduled to announce this month its reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions.
一方、米中が気候変動や人材交流など様々なテーマで合意できたのは成果だ。気候変動対策では、技術協力拡大でも一致した。中国は今月中に、温室効果ガスの排出削減目標を公表するという。
The United States and China are the world’s two largest emitters of these gases. They must steadily make progress in reducing their emissions. The key question will be whether they can produce actual results, not just stage a show of cooperative ties.
排出量で世界１、２位の中国と米国は着実に削減を進めねばならない。問われるのは、協調関係の演出ではなく、実績である。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 26, 2015)
After high-level talks with U.S., China still far from ‘responsible stakeholder’
米中戦略対話 「責任ある競争相手」に程遠い
The United States found a stage to deliver a stern reminder to China, which is continuing its high-handed behavior in maritime areas and in cyberspace, that it needs to follow the rules and fulfill its responsibilities as a major power.
海洋やサイバー空間で独善的な行動を続ける中国に、ルールを守り、大国としての責任を果たすよう、米国が厳しくクギを刺す場となった。
The seventh round of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue has been held in Washington. Over two days, high-level officials from both nations held discussions on a wide spectrum of issues ranging from national security to economic matters.
第７回米中戦略・経済対話がワシントンで行われ、双方の閣僚級が２日間、安全保障から経済まで幅広い課題を巡って議論した。
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry called on China to halt its land reclamation around reefs and military facility construction in the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. “We do have a strong national interest in freedom of navigation and overflight,” Kerry said.
南シナ海のスプラトリー（南沙）諸島での中国による岩礁埋め立てと軍事施設の建設について、ケリー米国務長官は「米国は航行、飛行の自由に大きな国益をもつ」と述べ、中止するよう要求した。
Chinese State Councillor Yang Jiechi hit back, saying China has a “firm determination to safeguard territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.” China is attempting to unilaterally enclose the South China Sea as “its own sea.” We think this approach, which has no basis under international law, is completely unacceptable.
中国の楊潔チ国務委員は「海洋問題で領土主権と権益を守る」と反論した。国際法の根拠のないまま、南シナ海を「自国の海」として一方的に囲い込もうとする中国の姿勢は到底容認できない。
In mid-June, the Chinese government announced some of its land reclamation work will be completed soon. This was probably intended to temporarily ease antagonism with Washington ahead of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit to the United States in September.
中国政府は今月中旬、埋め立てを「近く完了する」と表明した。習近平国家主席の訪米を９月に控え、米国との対立を一時的に緩和したい思惑があったのだろう。
However, what some observers have termed “a Great Wall of sand” has already been built due to China’s land reclamation. There appears to be no change in China’s plan to push on with preparing military facilities and a 3,000-meter runway. If this situation continues, distrust of China will only grow.
だが、埋め立てによる「砂の長城」はすでに築かれている。３０００メートル級の滑走路や軍事施設の整備などを続ける方針にも変化は見られない。このままでは、対中不信が高まるばかりだ。
Some progress made
In the economic field, U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew issued a sterner-than-usual criticism of China on cyber issues. “We remain deeply concerned about Chinese government-sponsored cyber-enabled theft of confidential business information and proprietary technology from U.S. companies,” Lew said.
経済分野では、ルー財務長官が「米企業の機密情報や特許技術を盗み取るサイバー攻撃を中国政府が支援していることを深く懸念する」と批判を一段と強めた。
Yang said Beijing supports the principle of developing an “international code of conduct for cyber information-sharing,” but a bilateral working group on cyber issues remains suspended. It would be a stretch to say China provided a sincere response on this issue.
楊氏は「各国がサイバー情報を共有するため、国際的な行動規範の構築に取り組むべきだ」と語ったが、サイバー問題に関する米中の作業部会は中断している。真摯しんしな対応とは言えまい。
U.S. President Barack Obama also expressed “ongoing U.S. concerns” about China’s cyber and maritime behavior, and he urged China to take “concrete steps” on these issues. It is hugely significant that the president directly called on China to deal with these matters appropriately.
オバマ大統領も、海洋進出とサイバー問題で中国側に「懸念」を伝え、「具体的措置」をとるよう促した。大統領が直接、中国に善処を求めた意義は小さくない。
With China seeking to build a “new type of major-power relationship” with the United States, it said both sides should “respect and accommodate each other’s core interests.” U.S. Vice President Joe Biden reportedly urged China to be a “responsible stakeholder” in the international system.
中国側は「新しいタイプの大国関係」構築に向けて、領土・主権など双方の「核心的利益」を尊重することを改めて訴えた。バイデン副大統領は「責任ある競争相手」になるよう戒めたという。
If China genuinely wants to realize a “major-power relationship,” in which it stands on an equal footing with the United States, it should start by fulfilling the responsibilities commensurate with such a position.
中国が米国と対等の「大国関係」を実現したいのなら、まず相応の責任を果たすべきだろう。
There was progress made elsewhere, as the United States and China reached agreement on a raft of issues including climate change and people-to-people exchanges. They also agreed to expand technological cooperation as a countermeasure to combat climate change. China is scheduled to announce this month its reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions.
一方、米中が気候変動や人材交流など様々なテーマで合意できたのは成果だ。気候変動対策では、技術協力拡大でも一致した。中国は今月中に、温室効果ガスの排出削減目標を公表するという。
The United States and China are the world’s two largest emitters of these gases. They must steadily make progress in reducing their emissions. The key question will be whether they can produce actual results, not just stage a show of cooperative ties.
排出量で世界１、２位の中国と米国は着実に削減を進めねばならない。問われるのは、協調関係の演出ではなく、実績である。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 26, 2015)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Govt must present clear measures to cut spending in fiscal reform plan
骨太方針素案 財政再建への踏み込みが甘い
The basic idea to seek both economic growth and fiscal reconstruction is appropriate, but strong enthusiasm for reducing government spending cannot be felt.
経済成長と財政再建の二兎にとを追う基本的な考え方は妥当だが、歳出削減への強い意気込みが感じられない。
The government has compiled the draft outline of its Basic Policies for Economic and Fiscal Management and Reform.
政府が、「経済財政運営と改革の基本方針」（骨太の方針）の素案をまとめた。
The government, in the draft outline, sets a medium-term target of cutting the deficit in fiscal 2018 to about 1 percent of gross domestic product as a step toward achieving the government goal of turning the primary balance of the central and local governments into a surplus by fiscal 2020.
２０２０年度に国と地方の基礎的財政収支を黒字化する政府目標の達成に向け、１８年度の赤字を国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）の１％程度に抑える中間目標を設けた。
The central government designated the three years until fiscal 2018 as a period for intensive reform and showed a “criterion” of limiting rises in general account spending, excluding redemptions of government bonds and certain other items, to about ¥1.6 trillion for the three years to March 2019. The draft outline calls on the government to limit growth in social security costs, which are expected to increase by ¥1 trillion each year, to ¥1.5 trillion for the three years.
１８年度までの３年間を集中改革期間と位置づけ、政策経費の歳出増加額を計１・６兆円程度に抑える「目安」を示した。毎年１兆円ほど増える社会保障費を、３年で１・５兆円の伸びにとどめる。
Akira Amari, economic revitalization minister, and others were reluctant to put a ceiling on government spending. But without the ceiling, there is a fear that tax revenue increases as a result of economic growth could be used for an expansion of expenditures in an unregulated manner. It is significant that the draft outline put a certain brake on increases in government spending in line with the opinions of Finance Minister Taro Aso and others.
甘利経済再生相らは、歳出の上限設定に難色を示したが、それでは経済成長による税収増などが、野放図に歳出拡大へ回される恐れがある。麻生財務相らの主張に沿って、歳出増に一定の歯止めを設けた意義はあろう。
It is worrisome that the draft outline is lacking in concrete measures to curtail government spending in the future as planned.
懸念されるのは、今後の歳出を想定通りに抑制するための具体的な方策が乏しいことである。
The target amount of an increase in general account spending, excluding redemptions of government bonds and certain other items, was determined based on past performance in fiscal 2013 to 2015. With the aging population, there is no guarantee that the government could curtail spending in the future as much as it did in that period. Ceaseless efforts for spending reform are indispensable.
政策経費の伸びの目標額は、１３～１５年度の実績をもとに定めた。高齢化は進行しており、今後も同様に抑え込める保証はない。不断の歳出改革が不可欠だ。
Face the pain
However, the draft outline seldom mentioned important issues, such as hikes in out-of-pocket payments for medical fees for high-income senior citizens, or heavier taxation on their pension money.
ところが、裕福な高齢者の医療費負担増や、年金課税の強化などの重要課題について、素案はほとんど言及しなかった。
The draft outline also did not clear a concrete target date to realize an increase in the use of generic medicine to more than 80 percent, which is a essential to controlling medical costs. In consideration of the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry, which is cautious about setting the target date, the draft outline said only in an ambiguous manner that the realization should be made “at the earliest date possible in [the period from] fiscal 2018 to the end of fiscal 2020.”
医療費削減の柱とされた後発医薬品の「普及率８０％以上」の実現時期も、踏み込み不足だった。慎重な厚生労働省に配慮し、「１８～２０年度末のなるべく早い時期」という曖昧な表現に落ち着いた。
Since the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in 2008, the government has introduced a system to add extra amounts of money to tax grants from the central government to local governments. The draft outline postponed the abolition of the system, instead only mentioning “trying to make efforts to change the system to the status quo ante.”
０８年のリーマン・ショック後に緊急対策として導入した地方交付税の別枠加算は、「平時モードに切り替えを進めていく」とするにとどめ、廃止を見送った。
We have to say that the government got cold feet in fear of the refutation of the ministries and local governments opposing various expenditure cuts.
歳出カットに対する各府省や地方自治体の反発を恐れ、腰が引けていると言わざるを得ない。
Japan’s debt has topped ¥1 quadrillion, already the worst fiscal condition among advanced countries. Looking toward fiscal 2025 and later, when the baby boomers pass the age of 75, it is necessary to start painful reforms earlier.
日本の債務残高は、１０００兆円を超え、既に先進国で最悪の財政状況だ。団塊の世代が７５歳以上に達する２５年度以降を見据えれば、痛みを伴う制度改革にも早めに手をつける必要がある。
From the start, the fiscal reconstruction measures this time are determined based on the assumption of real economic growth of 2 percent. If growth remains at 1 percent, the deficit in the primary balance would increase by ¥7 trillion. The harsh reality should not be forgotten.
そもそも今回の財政再建策は、実質２％という高成長が前提だ。成長率が１％にとどまれば、２０年度の基礎的財政収支の赤字幅は、７兆円も増える。厳しい現実を忘れてはなるまい。
The government should beef up concrete measures for spending reform to steadily realize the goal of turning the primary balance of the central and local governments into a surplus by fiscal 2020 and laying the foundation for future fiscal consolidation.
２０年度の黒字化目標を着実に実現し、その先の財政健全化に布石を打つ。こうした視点から、歳出改革の具体策を補強すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 24, 2015)
Govt must present clear measures to cut spending in fiscal reform plan
骨太方針素案 財政再建への踏み込みが甘い
The basic idea to seek both economic growth and fiscal reconstruction is appropriate, but strong enthusiasm for reducing government spending cannot be felt.
経済成長と財政再建の二兎にとを追う基本的な考え方は妥当だが、歳出削減への強い意気込みが感じられない。
The government has compiled the draft outline of its Basic Policies for Economic and Fiscal Management and Reform.
政府が、「経済財政運営と改革の基本方針」（骨太の方針）の素案をまとめた。
The government, in the draft outline, sets a medium-term target of cutting the deficit in fiscal 2018 to about 1 percent of gross domestic product as a step toward achieving the government goal of turning the primary balance of the central and local governments into a surplus by fiscal 2020.
２０２０年度に国と地方の基礎的財政収支を黒字化する政府目標の達成に向け、１８年度の赤字を国内総生産（ＧＤＰ）の１％程度に抑える中間目標を設けた。
The central government designated the three years until fiscal 2018 as a period for intensive reform and showed a “criterion” of limiting rises in general account spending, excluding redemptions of government bonds and certain other items, to about ¥1.6 trillion for the three years to March 2019. The draft outline calls on the government to limit growth in social security costs, which are expected to increase by ¥1 trillion each year, to ¥1.5 trillion for the three years.
１８年度までの３年間を集中改革期間と位置づけ、政策経費の歳出増加額を計１・６兆円程度に抑える「目安」を示した。毎年１兆円ほど増える社会保障費を、３年で１・５兆円の伸びにとどめる。
Akira Amari, economic revitalization minister, and others were reluctant to put a ceiling on government spending. But without the ceiling, there is a fear that tax revenue increases as a result of economic growth could be used for an expansion of expenditures in an unregulated manner. It is significant that the draft outline put a certain brake on increases in government spending in line with the opinions of Finance Minister Taro Aso and others.
甘利経済再生相らは、歳出の上限設定に難色を示したが、それでは経済成長による税収増などが、野放図に歳出拡大へ回される恐れがある。麻生財務相らの主張に沿って、歳出増に一定の歯止めを設けた意義はあろう。
It is worrisome that the draft outline is lacking in concrete measures to curtail government spending in the future as planned.
懸念されるのは、今後の歳出を想定通りに抑制するための具体的な方策が乏しいことである。
The target amount of an increase in general account spending, excluding redemptions of government bonds and certain other items, was determined based on past performance in fiscal 2013 to 2015. With the aging population, there is no guarantee that the government could curtail spending in the future as much as it did in that period. Ceaseless efforts for spending reform are indispensable.
政策経費の伸びの目標額は、１３～１５年度の実績をもとに定めた。高齢化は進行しており、今後も同様に抑え込める保証はない。不断の歳出改革が不可欠だ。
Face the pain
However, the draft outline seldom mentioned important issues, such as hikes in out-of-pocket payments for medical fees for high-income senior citizens, or heavier taxation on their pension money.
ところが、裕福な高齢者の医療費負担増や、年金課税の強化などの重要課題について、素案はほとんど言及しなかった。
The draft outline also did not clear a concrete target date to realize an increase in the use of generic medicine to more than 80 percent, which is a essential to controlling medical costs. In consideration of the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry, which is cautious about setting the target date, the draft outline said only in an ambiguous manner that the realization should be made “at the earliest date possible in [the period from] fiscal 2018 to the end of fiscal 2020.”
医療費削減の柱とされた後発医薬品の「普及率８０％以上」の実現時期も、踏み込み不足だった。慎重な厚生労働省に配慮し、「１８～２０年度末のなるべく早い時期」という曖昧な表現に落ち着いた。
Since the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in 2008, the government has introduced a system to add extra amounts of money to tax grants from the central government to local governments. The draft outline postponed the abolition of the system, instead only mentioning “trying to make efforts to change the system to the status quo ante.”
０８年のリーマン・ショック後に緊急対策として導入した地方交付税の別枠加算は、「平時モードに切り替えを進めていく」とするにとどめ、廃止を見送った。
We have to say that the government got cold feet in fear of the refutation of the ministries and local governments opposing various expenditure cuts.
歳出カットに対する各府省や地方自治体の反発を恐れ、腰が引けていると言わざるを得ない。
Japan’s debt has topped ¥1 quadrillion, already the worst fiscal condition among advanced countries. Looking toward fiscal 2025 and later, when the baby boomers pass the age of 75, it is necessary to start painful reforms earlier.
日本の債務残高は、１０００兆円を超え、既に先進国で最悪の財政状況だ。団塊の世代が７５歳以上に達する２５年度以降を見据えれば、痛みを伴う制度改革にも早めに手をつける必要がある。
From the start, the fiscal reconstruction measures this time are determined based on the assumption of real economic growth of 2 percent. If growth remains at 1 percent, the deficit in the primary balance would increase by ¥7 trillion. The harsh reality should not be forgotten.
そもそも今回の財政再建策は、実質２％という高成長が前提だ。成長率が１％にとどまれば、２０年度の基礎的財政収支の赤字幅は、７兆円も増える。厳しい現実を忘れてはなるまい。
The government should beef up concrete measures for spending reform to steadily realize the goal of turning the primary balance of the central and local governments into a surplus by fiscal 2020 and laying the foundation for future fiscal consolidation.
２０年度の黒字化目標を着実に実現し、その先の財政健全化に布石を打つ。こうした視点から、歳出改革の具体策を補強すべきだ。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 24, 2015)
The Yomiuri Shimbun
Realistic approach needed to reduce burden of U.S. bases in Okinawa Pref.
首相沖縄訪問 現実的な基地負担軽減を図れ
One of two important tasks is to maintain the deterrent capability of the Japan-U.S. alliance to preserve our national security. The other is to reduce the excessive burden shouldered by Okinawa due to the presence of U.S. bases there. Political leaders are obliged to come up with realistic measures to ensure the two goals are compatible, and make steady progress in achieving these objectives.
平和の確保へ、日米同盟の抑止力を維持する。過重な米軍基地負担を減らす。この二つの目標を両立する現実的な方策を選択し、着実に前に進めることが、政治の責任だろう。
On Tuesday, a ceremony was held in Itoman, Okinawa Prefecture, to commemorate those killed in the prefecture during World War II. It is believed that organized combat in the Battle of Okinawa ended on June 23, 1945.
太平洋戦争の沖縄戦で組織的な戦闘が終結したとされる「慰霊の日」の２３日、沖縄全戦没者追悼式が沖縄県糸満市で開かれた。
In his address during the ceremony, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said with emphasis, “We have earnestly walked the path of peace in abhorrence of war over the past 70 years.”
安倍首相はあいさつで、「この７０年間、戦争を憎み、ひたすら平和の道を歩んできた」と力説し、
“We must also continue making tireless efforts toward achieving international peace,” the prime minister said. Abe also reiterated his intention to do his utmost to reduce the burden shouldered by local residents because of the U.S. bases in the prefecture.
「これからも世界平和の確立に向け、不断の努力を行う」と訴えた。沖縄の基地負担の軽減に全力を挙げる考えも改めて表明した。
In his peace declaration, Okinawa Gov. Takeshi Onaga called for halting a project to transfer functions of the U.S. Marine Corps’ Futenma Air Station to the Henoko area. “People [in the prefecture] expressed their opposition [to the relocation project] in [last year’s] election, and it is therefore difficult [to build a new base at Henoko],” he said.
翁長雄志知事は平和宣言で、米軍普天間飛行場の辺野古移設について「選挙で反対の民意が示されており、困難だ」と述べ、中止を求めた。
Onaga also said, “The suggestion that Okinawa should present an alternative plan [for the transfer of the Futenma functions to Henoko] cannot be condoned.”
「沖縄が（辺野古移設の）代替案を出しなさいとの考えは到底許容できない」とも語った。
The governor devoted nearly half his speech to making references to the Futenma issue.
普天間問題への言及は全体の半分近くを占めた。
We believe Onaga was out of order for advancing his political views during this opportunity to pay tribute to the war victims and renew a pledge to pursue peace. Solely emphasizing his confrontational stance against the central government will do nothing to resolve the complex and difficult Futenma base issue.
犠牲者に哀悼を捧ささげ、平和への誓いを新たにする場を利用し、自らの政治的主張を前面に出したことには、違和感を禁じ得ない。政府との対決姿勢を強調するだけでは、この複雑で困難な基地問題を解決することはできまい。
Constructive dialogue vital
It was decided not to arrange a formal meeting between Abe and Onaga on the sidelines of Tuesday’s ceremony. One of the factors behind this decision may have been the improbability that any progress would result. Still, the decision is disappointing. We hope the prime minister and the governor will use every opportunity to engage in constructive dialogue.
首相と翁長氏の正式な会談は見送られた。具体的成果が見込めないとの判断もあったのだろうが、残念な対応である。首相と翁長氏は、様々な機会をとらえて、建設的な対話を重ねてもらいたい。
The Futenma base, used by the U.S. forces since the war ended in 1945, lies in the central part of Ginowan. There is a possibility of serious accidents if the installation remains there. At the same time, it has long hindered the city’s development.
終戦の年から米軍が使用する普天間飛行場は、宜野湾市中心部にある。重大事故の危険性に加え、市の発展の障害となってきた。
The only practical solution to overcoming this situation is relocating the Futenma facility to Henoko.
この現状を打開するための実現可能な選択肢は、辺野古移設しかない。
The Futenma Air Station symbolizes the U.S. military presence in the prefecture. If the relocation project is translated into action, it would represent a significant achievement after many years of great efforts by the central government and local entities to promote the realignment of U.S. forces.
普天間飛行場は在沖縄米軍基地の象徴的存在でもある。移設が実現すれば、政府と地元関係者が長年、多大な努力を重ねてきた米軍再編の重要な成果となる。
Questions must be raised about the latest action taken by the Social Democratic Party, the Japanese Communist Party and other forces that constitute the mainstay of the Onaga-led prefectural government. They have submitted to the prefectural assembly a proposal for the creation of an ordinance that would impose restrictions on bringing earth, sand and stone into the prefecture from outside of the prefecture, citing the need to implement environmental protection measures. Such materials are used for land reclamation work.
疑問なのは、社民、共産など翁長県政与党が、環境対策として、埋め立て工事に使用する県外からの土砂や石材搬入を規制する条例案を県議会に提出したことだ。
If the proposed ordinance is adopted, it could cause delays not only in the Futenma-to-Henoko transfer plan but in the ongoing construction of a second runway at Naha Airport. The new runway project is aimed at invigorating the prefecture’s economy while also resolving overcrowded flight schedules at the airport. The project was started in response to the strong desire by local residents for a new runway. Business circles in the prefecture also are worried about the proposed ordinance.
可決されれば、辺野古移設だけでなく、那覇空港第２滑走路整備の工事も遅延しかねない。滑走路整備は、沖縄経済の活性化と空港の過密解消が目的で、地元が強く要望していた。経済界からも条例案へ懸念の声が出ている。
We find it difficult to understand what kind of environmental benefit can be gained through restrictions on earth and sand being brought into the prefecture from other parts of the country. We regard the submission of the proposed ordinance as opportunistic. Doing so will only deepen the schism between the central government and local residents.
そもそも、同じ国内の土砂などの規制にどんな環境面の効果があるのか、理解に苦しむ。ご都合主義であり、いたずらに政府との対立を深めるだけではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 24, 2015)
Realistic approach needed to reduce burden of U.S. bases in Okinawa Pref.
首相沖縄訪問 現実的な基地負担軽減を図れ
One of two important tasks is to maintain the deterrent capability of the Japan-U.S. alliance to preserve our national security. The other is to reduce the excessive burden shouldered by Okinawa due to the presence of U.S. bases there. Political leaders are obliged to come up with realistic measures to ensure the two goals are compatible, and make steady progress in achieving these objectives.
平和の確保へ、日米同盟の抑止力を維持する。過重な米軍基地負担を減らす。この二つの目標を両立する現実的な方策を選択し、着実に前に進めることが、政治の責任だろう。
On Tuesday, a ceremony was held in Itoman, Okinawa Prefecture, to commemorate those killed in the prefecture during World War II. It is believed that organized combat in the Battle of Okinawa ended on June 23, 1945.
太平洋戦争の沖縄戦で組織的な戦闘が終結したとされる「慰霊の日」の２３日、沖縄全戦没者追悼式が沖縄県糸満市で開かれた。
In his address during the ceremony, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said with emphasis, “We have earnestly walked the path of peace in abhorrence of war over the past 70 years.”
安倍首相はあいさつで、「この７０年間、戦争を憎み、ひたすら平和の道を歩んできた」と力説し、
“We must also continue making tireless efforts toward achieving international peace,” the prime minister said. Abe also reiterated his intention to do his utmost to reduce the burden shouldered by local residents because of the U.S. bases in the prefecture.
「これからも世界平和の確立に向け、不断の努力を行う」と訴えた。沖縄の基地負担の軽減に全力を挙げる考えも改めて表明した。
In his peace declaration, Okinawa Gov. Takeshi Onaga called for halting a project to transfer functions of the U.S. Marine Corps’ Futenma Air Station to the Henoko area. “People [in the prefecture] expressed their opposition [to the relocation project] in [last year’s] election, and it is therefore difficult [to build a new base at Henoko],” he said.
翁長雄志知事は平和宣言で、米軍普天間飛行場の辺野古移設について「選挙で反対の民意が示されており、困難だ」と述べ、中止を求めた。
Onaga also said, “The suggestion that Okinawa should present an alternative plan [for the transfer of the Futenma functions to Henoko] cannot be condoned.”
「沖縄が（辺野古移設の）代替案を出しなさいとの考えは到底許容できない」とも語った。
The governor devoted nearly half his speech to making references to the Futenma issue.
普天間問題への言及は全体の半分近くを占めた。
We believe Onaga was out of order for advancing his political views during this opportunity to pay tribute to the war victims and renew a pledge to pursue peace. Solely emphasizing his confrontational stance against the central government will do nothing to resolve the complex and difficult Futenma base issue.
犠牲者に哀悼を捧ささげ、平和への誓いを新たにする場を利用し、自らの政治的主張を前面に出したことには、違和感を禁じ得ない。政府との対決姿勢を強調するだけでは、この複雑で困難な基地問題を解決することはできまい。
Constructive dialogue vital
It was decided not to arrange a formal meeting between Abe and Onaga on the sidelines of Tuesday’s ceremony. One of the factors behind this decision may have been the improbability that any progress would result. Still, the decision is disappointing. We hope the prime minister and the governor will use every opportunity to engage in constructive dialogue.
首相と翁長氏の正式な会談は見送られた。具体的成果が見込めないとの判断もあったのだろうが、残念な対応である。首相と翁長氏は、様々な機会をとらえて、建設的な対話を重ねてもらいたい。
The Futenma base, used by the U.S. forces since the war ended in 1945, lies in the central part of Ginowan. There is a possibility of serious accidents if the installation remains there. At the same time, it has long hindered the city’s development.
終戦の年から米軍が使用する普天間飛行場は、宜野湾市中心部にある。重大事故の危険性に加え、市の発展の障害となってきた。
The only practical solution to overcoming this situation is relocating the Futenma facility to Henoko.
この現状を打開するための実現可能な選択肢は、辺野古移設しかない。
The Futenma Air Station symbolizes the U.S. military presence in the prefecture. If the relocation project is translated into action, it would represent a significant achievement after many years of great efforts by the central government and local entities to promote the realignment of U.S. forces.
普天間飛行場は在沖縄米軍基地の象徴的存在でもある。移設が実現すれば、政府と地元関係者が長年、多大な努力を重ねてきた米軍再編の重要な成果となる。
Questions must be raised about the latest action taken by the Social Democratic Party, the Japanese Communist Party and other forces that constitute the mainstay of the Onaga-led prefectural government. They have submitted to the prefectural assembly a proposal for the creation of an ordinance that would impose restrictions on bringing earth, sand and stone into the prefecture from outside of the prefecture, citing the need to implement environmental protection measures. Such materials are used for land reclamation work.
疑問なのは、社民、共産など翁長県政与党が、環境対策として、埋め立て工事に使用する県外からの土砂や石材搬入を規制する条例案を県議会に提出したことだ。
If the proposed ordinance is adopted, it could cause delays not only in the Futenma-to-Henoko transfer plan but in the ongoing construction of a second runway at Naha Airport. The new runway project is aimed at invigorating the prefecture’s economy while also resolving overcrowded flight schedules at the airport. The project was started in response to the strong desire by local residents for a new runway. Business circles in the prefecture also are worried about the proposed ordinance.
可決されれば、辺野古移設だけでなく、那覇空港第２滑走路整備の工事も遅延しかねない。滑走路整備は、沖縄経済の活性化と空港の過密解消が目的で、地元が強く要望していた。経済界からも条例案へ懸念の声が出ている。
We find it difficult to understand what kind of environmental benefit can be gained through restrictions on earth and sand being brought into the prefecture from other parts of the country. We regard the submission of the proposed ordinance as opportunistic. Doing so will only deepen the schism between the central government and local residents.
そもそも、同じ国内の土砂などの規制にどんな環境面の効果があるのか、理解に苦しむ。ご都合主義であり、いたずらに政府との対立を深めるだけではないか。
(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 24, 2015)
プロフィール
ＨＮ：
srachai
ＨＰ：
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男性
職業：
civil engineer
趣味：
子育て
自己紹介：
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
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The Nations
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[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
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英字新聞（朝日２）
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