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日航公的支援 「親方日の丸」から脱却せよ

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 23, 2009)
JAL should end dependence on govt
日航公的支援　「親方日の丸」から脱却せよ（6月23日付・読売社説）

The government has officially decided to provide financial support to Japan Airlines, which has been suffering from poor business results, since it apparently can no longer allow Japan's flag-carrier to further decline.
　失速しかけた日本の翼を、これ以上放置できないということだろう。政府は、業績不振が続く日本航空の本格支援に乗り出すことを決めた。

Support for JAL will include an emergency loan worth 100 billion yen to be extended jointly by the government-backed Development Bank of Japan and three major private banks with the government guaranteeing 80 percent of the loan. Along with securing the loan, the government also will directly supervise the reconstruction of the airline.
　日本政策投資銀行が危機対応融資を活用し、大手銀行と共同で日航に約１０００億円を融通する。政投銀融資の８０％は政府が保証する――というのが支援の中身だ。それに伴い、政府は日航の経営再建を直接指導・監督する。

It is unusual for the government to support a private company with such a huge loan, but taking into account the importance of the service JAL provides to the public and the impact it has on the national economy, the government may deem it imperative to act. JAL should fundamentally review its management, considering this its last opportunity to reform itself.
　国が民間企業にこれほどまとまった融資をして経営を支えるのは異例だ。国民生活や経済への影響を考えれば、やむを得まい。日航は改革の最後の機会ととらえ、経営を根本から見直すべきだ。

JAL reported post-tax losses of 63.1 billion yen for the business year ending in March 2009. The airline is expected to declare almost the same amount of losses in the business year to end March 2010, too. It climbed into the black in the business year ending March 2008 for the first time in three years, but returned to the red only one year later.
　日航の２００９年３月期決算は税引き後の損益が６３１億円の赤字となった。１０年３月期もほぼ同額の赤字となる見通しだ。０８年３月期には３年ぶりに黒字になったが、１年で赤字に逆戻りした。

===

Combination hurt bottom line

The company's poor performance is attributed to the aftereffects of high fuel prices last year and a sharp decrease in passengers due to the global recession. The decrease in passengers on domestic routes, a major revenue source for All Nippon Airways Co., which is JAL's rival, was small. However, the number of passengers on international routes, a major revenue source for JAL, decreased by more than 10 percent compared to the previous period.
　不振の原因は、昨年の燃料高の後遺症と、世界同時不況による旅客の急減だ。ライバルの全日本空輸が主力とする国内線の落ち込みは小さかったが、日航が収益源とする国際線旅客は前期より１割以上も減った。

JAL has succeeded in cutting labor costs to a certain degree. But the airline has failed to reduce interest-bearing debts quickly and been slow in improving its balance sheet. The company also has delayed in changing its planes to smaller, more fuel-efficient aircraft and investing money in a strategic manner.
　人件費の圧縮はある程度進んだが、有利子負債の削減など、財務体質の改善が遅れ、燃費の良い小型機への切り替えや戦略的な投資が進んでいない。

It can no longer expect a turnaround through mere stopgap cost-cutting measures. JAL should study whether to continue unprofitable businesses, including the option of transferring them to other companies, while it needs to consider not just reducing the number of flights on money-losing routes, but dropping those routes altogether. Such drastic restructuring measures are essential for JAL.
　もはや付け焼き刃の経費削減では、業績の好転は期待できまい。不採算の事業分野は他社への譲渡も含めて存廃を検討し、不採算路線は減便で済まさず、一気に撤退するなど、より踏み込んだリストラ策が不可欠だ。

===

Long history of bail-outs

The airline had received emergency loans from the DBJ to help it weather the poor business results it suffered due to the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States and other incidents in the past. With the addition of the latest loans, the total extended by the DBJ to JAL would exceed 300 billion yen.
　日航はこれまでも、米同時テロなどで業績が悪化するたびに、政投銀の緊急支援を受けてきた。今回の融資で、政投銀の日航への融資額は３０００億円を超える水準まで膨れあがる。

JAL probably cannot refute criticism that the airline has not yet completed sufficient corporate restructuring, but has no qualms about relying on government-backed bank loans because it has not yet ended its dependence on the government stemming from its days as a government-affiliated company.
　経営改革が不十分なまま、政府系金融機関の融資に頼るのは、特殊法人時代の「親方日の丸」気分から抜け切っていないため、と見られても仕方ないだろう。

JAL cannot win the approval of the public for the government assistance it is to receive without reforming its corporate structure. Some observers point out that eight trade-specific unions at JAL are obstructing restructuring. It is also necessary to stick the knife of reform into such complicated labor-management relations.
　企業体質の改革も進めなければ、公的支援に対する国民の理解は得られまい。職種別組合が八つもあり、リストラの足かせとの指摘もある。この複雑な労使関係にもメスを入れる必要がある。

Meanwhile, aviation authorities are partly responsible for JAL's poor performance because they have built nearly 100 airports around the country and put political pressure on the airline to open unprofitable routes.
　日航の業績不振は、全国に１００近くも空港を建設し、政治的な圧力をかけて不採算路線を開設させてきた航空行政にも責任の一端がある。

In supporting JAL once again, the government and the ruling parties should take this opportunity to closely review past aviation policy.
政府・与党は日航の経営支援を機に、これまでの航空行政も再検証すべきだ。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 23, 2009)
（2009年6月23日01時33分 読売新聞）

地方制度答申 分権へ議会と監査を強化せよ

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 22, 2009)
Decentralization needs strong local pols, audits
地方制度答申　分権へ議会と監査を強化せよ（6月22日付・読売社説）

To promote decentralization, it is essential to improve the local government systems to which administrative work and authority are to be transferred. In addition to municipal mergers, it is important to strengthen local assemblies as well as auditing and oversight of local governments.
　地方分権の推進には、事務や権限を譲り受ける自治体の体制充実が欠かせない。市町村合併に加え、地方議会や監査機能の強化が重要である。

An advisory panel to the prime minister on local government has proposed that the incentives for the so-called Heisei-era megamergers end in March. The panel also suggested that the megamerger campaign be followed by voluntary mergers, regional cooperation among municipalities and the establishment of administrative support systems by prefectural governments for small municipalities.
　第２９次地方制度調査会が、「平成の大合併」を来年３月に終結させることを答申した。その後は、自主的な合併のほか、複数の市町村の広域連携や、都道府県による小規模市町村への行政支援の制度を用意するよう提言している。

The government's megamerger campaign that started in 1999 has decreased the number of municipalities with populations of fewer than 10,000 by nearly 70 percent, with about 470 such municipalities remaining. The financial situation of municipal governments in depopulated mountainous areas or on remote islands is serious.
　１９９９年以来の合併運動の結果、人口１万人未満の自治体は７割近く減少したが、なお４７０前後が残る。過疎の山間地や離島の自治体の財政状況は厳しい。

Tokyo, Osaka and other metropolitan areas have seen few municipal mergers. Even if it is not so problematic at this stage, financial burdens are expected to sharply rise in the mid- to long-term due to rapid aging of the population and renovation of public facilities.
　東京、大阪など大都市圏では合併がほとんど進まなかった。今は問題がなくても、中長期的には、急速な高齢化や公共施設の更新で財政負担の急増が見込まれる。

===

Continue voluntary mergers

To strengthen administrative and fiscal bases of municipal governments, mergers remain a promising option. Voluntary mergers of municipalities should be encouraged, and systems for the central and prefectural governments to extend support for municipal mergers should remain in the future.
　市町村の行財政基盤を強固にするには、今後も、合併が有力な選択肢であることに変わりはない。今回は見送っても、将来、市町村が自主的に合併する道と、国や都道府県が合併を側面支援する制度は残すべきだろう。

The panel called for widening the scope of public works projects and other matters for which assembly approval is required to conclude contracts, as well as the target of semipublic sector entities required to submit financial reports to local assemblies. These measures are expected to strengthen the oversight functions of local assemblies.
　答申は、地方議会の監視機能を強めるため、公共事業などの契約締結の議決対象や、議会に経営状況を報告する第３セクターなどの対象を拡大するよう求めた。

When decentralization moves forward, the role of local assemblies will become significantly larger. While universal criteria for setting up day care centers set by the central government are to be minimized, criteria that could be stipulated through ordinances passed by local assemblies are to significantly increase.
　地方分権が進めば、地方議会の役割は一段と大きくなる。国が定める全国統一の保育所の設置基準などは必要最小限のものに限る一方で、地方議会が条例で定められる基準が大幅に増える。

In such processes, it is unacceptable that local assembly members continue acting as go-betweens for particular interests or practicing pork-barrel politics.
　そうした中で、地方議員が従来通りの口利き行為や地元への利益誘導に走ることは許されない。

===

Local government must change

Members of local assemblies must be well aware of the gravity of their responsibilities and are expected to change their attitudes. Local residents, for their part, should pay attention not only to local governments but also to local assemblies.
　地方議員は、その責任の重みを自覚し、意識改革を図ることが求められる。住民も、自治体だけでなく、地方議会の動向にも、もっと関心を持つべきだろう。

The panel's proposal included measures to strengthen auditing functions. The panel called for joint establishment of an auditing committee office by a number of municipalities and the introduction of a system under which local governments would undergo external auditing once in a couple of fiscal years.
　答申には、自治体の監査機能の強化策も盛り込まれた。複数の市町村による監査委員会事務局の共同設置や、外部監査を複数年度に１回受ける方式の導入である。

These measures are aimed at helping small municipalities, which have difficulty in setting up an independent audit office or conducting external auditing every fiscal year, to expand their auditing functions.
　独立した監査委事務局を設置したり、外部監査を毎年度実施したりするのが財政的に困難な小規模市町村が、監査体制を拡充しやすくするのが目的だ。

To prevent another case of municipal bankruptcy like the city of Yubari in Hokkaido, local governments from this fiscal year under the law on local government fiscal health are obliged to make fiscal reconstruction plans in certain cases based on financial settlements in previous fiscal years.
　今年度からは「第二の夕張」を出さないため、地方自治体財政健全化法に基づき、前年度決算を踏まえた財政再生・健全化計画の義務付けが始まる。

It is important that each local government try to streamline administrative work without losing the substance of auditing functions but by incorporating third-party perspectives generated from external auditing.
　各自治体は、監査を形骸(けいがい)化させず、外部監査による第三者の視点を活用し、行政の合理化に努めることが大切だ。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 22, 2009)
（2009年6月22日01時26分 読売新聞）

児童ポルノ 与野党で法案の一本化を急げ

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 21, 2009)
Anti-child porn bills should be unified
児童ポルノ　与野党で法案の一本化を急げ（6月21日付・読売社説）

Diet deliberations on a bill to revise the law punishing acts related to child prostitution and child pornography have been delayed.
　児童買春・児童ポルノ禁止法改正案の国会審議が遅れている。

The ruling coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party and New Komeito last June submitted to the Diet a revised bill that would prohibit the possession of child pornography and punish violators, even if they do not sell such images. But since then, no substantive discussions on the issue have been held at the Diet. The main opposition Democratic Party of Japan also presented its own bill to revise the law during the current Diet session.
　児童ポルノを私的に利用する「単純所持」禁止を盛り込んだ自民、公明の与党案は、昨年６月の提出以来、実質的な審議はなく、今国会には民主党案も提出された。

There is little to tell between both bills, which are intended to strengthen regulations protecting children from sexual abuse. The ruling and opposition parties should make efforts to quickly pass a revised bill into law, such as by unifying their respective bills.
　両案は、子供たちを性的虐待から守るための規制強化では一致しており、大きな隔たりはない。法案を一本化するなどして、早期の成立を図るべきだ。

Under the current law, the possession of child pornography for the purpose of offering it to others for profit or without charge is illegal.
　現行法は、児童ポルノを他人に有償無償を含め提供する目的で所持することなどを禁じている。

When the law was enacted in 1999, prohibiting the possession of child pornography and punishing violators, even if they do not sell such images, was discussed. But eventually, such a provision was shelved on the ground that it would encroach on personal preferences and could violate privacy rights.
　単純所持禁止は、１０年前の法制定の際にも検討されたが、個人の嗜好(しこう)やプライバシーの侵害につながるなどとして見送られた。

However, with the spread of the Internet, child pornography has been rapidly proliferating. Under the current circumstances, in which the possession of child pornography is not prohibited as long as the holder does not proliferate such images, it is difficult to charge providers of child pornography in many cases, even if police confiscate their personal computers.
　しかし、インターネットの普及で児童ポルノの拡散は急速に進んでいる。単純所持が禁止されていない場合、警察がパソコンを押収しても、児童ポルノ提供者を摘発するのは難しい場合が多い。

===

International probes stymied

Among the Group of Eight countries, Japan and Russia are the only two nations that do not criminalize the possession of child pornography if the holders do not sell such images. The fact that Japan allows the possession of child pornography hampers international police investigations into child pornography.
　主要８か国（Ｇ８）で単純所持を禁止していないのは、日本とロシアだけだ。日本が単純所持を容認していることが、国際捜査協力の支障となっている。

The revised bill drafted by ruling parties would prohibit the possession of child pornography for "indecent purposes" and would penalize violators if they possessed such images for the purpose of "satisfying their sexual curiosity."
　与党案は、児童ポルノを「みだりに」所持することを禁止し、「性的好奇心を満たす目的」で所持した場合に限り罰則を設けた。

Meanwhile, the DPJ's bill would make it a crime to obtain child pornography by paying for it or to obtain it repeatedly, imposing a heavier penalty than the ruling parties' bill.
　民主党案は、代金を払うか、繰り返して取得することを禁じた取得罪を設け、与党案の単純所持罪より重い罰則を設けた。

It should not be so difficult to find common ground between the two bills.
　一致点を見いだすことは、それほど難しくないはずだ。

===

ISPs have key role to play

To strengthen controls on child pornography, cooperation by organizations in the private sector, such as Internet service providers, is indispensable.
　児童ポルノの規制を進めていくためには、ネット事業者など民間団体の協力も欠かせない。

The National Police Agency has launched a liaison council with private sector ISPs with the aim of cracking down on online child pornography by persuading the ISPs to install blocking software that prevents access to illegal Web sites. The council will discuss the technical issues involved.
　警察庁は、プロバイダーが違法なサイトへの接続を遮断する「ブロッキング」制度の導入に向け、ネット事業者らと児童ポルノ流通防止協議会を発足させた。今後、技術面などの検討が行われる。

An increasing number of countries, including the United States and European nations, have imposed regulations on comics, anime and other materials that contain material that could be construed as child pornography.
　児童ポルノに類したマンガやアニメなどについても、欧米では規制する国が増えている。

Recently, a Japanese-produced personal computer game featuring the rape of three women, including two girls, who are made pregnant and then forced to abort, was circulated worldwide and was condemned by the British Parliament and others.
　最近は、少女らをレイプして妊娠・中絶させる過程を疑似体験する日本製パソコンゲームソフトが国際的に出回り、英国議会などで批判された。

In response to such protests, industry organizations decided to prohibit the production and sales of game software featuring sexual violence.
　この問題を受けて業界団体は、性暴力を扱うゲームソフトの製造販売を禁止することを決めた。

In the bill drafted by the ruling parties, regulations on the usage of child pornography in game software is included as a subject to be examined in the future. It is an issue that should be actively discussed in terms of protecting children from child pornography, while respecting freedom of expression.
　児童ポルノのゲームなどに対する規制も、与党案は今後の検討課題として盛り込んでいる。「表現の自由」とのかねあいもあるが、児童保護の観点から積極的に議論すべきだ。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 21, 2009)
（2009年6月21日01時43分 読売新聞）

「西松献金」公判 小沢氏は「天の声」を説明せよ

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 20, 2009)
Ozawa should explain 'voice from heaven'
「西松献金」公判　小沢氏は「天の声」を説明せよ（6月20日付・読売社説）

It is Ichiro Ozawa's responsibility as a politician to explain the situation after prosecutors claimed at a court hearing--a very public occasion--that the office of the former Democratic Party of Japan president issued "voices from heaven" intended to sway decisions over which firms would win public works project orders.
　公共工事の受注で、小沢事務所から「天の声」が出ていた――。法廷という公開の場で検察がこう指摘したのだから、その実態を説明するのが政治家の責務だろう。

The first hearing of the trial of a former president of Nishimatsu Construction Co. and another person, who have been indicted on a charge of violating the Political Funds Control Law and another charge was held at the Tokyo District Court on Friday.
　政治資金規正法違反などの罪に問われた西松建設前社長らの初公判が、東京地裁で開かれた。

In their opening statement, the prosecutors said Ozawa's office issued "voices from heaven" that instructed which construction company should get orders for public works projects in Iwate Prefecture--Ozawa's home turf--and others in neighboring Akita Prefecture. The prosecutors named five such projects in which Nishimatsu was involved.
　検察側は冒頭陳述で、民主党の小沢一郎前代表の地元岩手県の公共工事と、隣の秋田県の一部工事で、小沢事務所が受注業者を決定する「天の声」を出していたとして、西松建設が絡んだ５件の工事名を挙げた。

Of them, four were won by consortiums that included Nishimatsu. The bidding prices for them exceeded 12.2 billion yen. The prosecutors also identified a case in which Ozawa's state-funded first secretary, who has been indicted in connection with the political donation scandal, allegedly issued a "voice from heaven."
　このうち４件は、西松建設を含む共同企業体が受注し、落札額は１２２億円に上った。起訴された公設第１秘書が天の声を出したケースもあった、としている。

If political donations from the Nishimatsu side to the Ozawa side were made with the intention of getting the "voice from heaven" to speak, as the prosecutors argued, the donations would be tantamount to bribes. Some argue that parties involved in the scandal therefore sought to hide the donations.
　検察側が主張するように「天の声」を得るための金だったとすれば、西松建設からの献金は賄賂(わいろ)に近いことになる。だからこそ、当事者は献金を隠したかったのではないかとの見方も出ている。

===

Case appears watertight

The Political Funds Control Law bans corporate donations to lawmakers' political fund management organizations. Nishimatsu evaded this regulation by making donations to the Ozawa side through two dummy political organizations led by former Nishimatsu officials.
　政治資金規正法は、政治家の資金管理団体への企業献金を禁じている。西松建設は、ＯＢを代表とする二つのダミーの政治団体を通じて小沢氏側に献金することで、この規制を逃れていた。

The former Nishimatsu president confirmed the claims in the indictment and said, "I shouldn't have acted in a way that broke the law."
　前社長はこうした起訴事実を認めるとともに、被告人質問で「法を犯してまでやるべきではなかった」と述べた。

In addition to the arguments advanced during Friday's hearing, Ozawa's secretary, who will be tried at a separate trial, has been charged with falsely booking donations worth 35 million yen in political fund reports filed by Ozawa's political fund management organization and two local DPJ chapters.
　分離公判となる小沢氏の秘書はこれに加え、資金管理団体と政党支部の収支報告書に３５００万円分の虚偽を記入したとされる。

According to a record of the questioning of the secretary read by prosecutors, the secretary "was aware the donations in question were from the Nishimatsu side." This statement could indicate the secretary knew the donations were illegal.
　検察側が明らかにした秘書の供述調書では、秘書は「西松建設側の献金と知っていた」という。違法性を認識していたとも受け取れる供述である。

===

Many questions to answer

Ozawa has said,"It's impolite to ask a donor political organization how it raised political funds, and I won't stick my nose into such business."
　小沢氏はこれまで、「寄付をいただく政治団体に、資金をどう捻出(ねんしゅつ)したかを尋ねるのは失礼で、詮索(せんさく)しない」と説明してきた。

But Ozawa is not only being asked whether his secretary violated the Political Funds Control Law.
　だが、小沢氏が問われているのは、秘書の政治資金規正法違反の有無だけではない。

During Friday's first hearing, prosecutors pointed out an apparent link between political donations to Ozawa's side and public works orders. Why did he receive a large amount of political donations from one specific general contractor? How did he spend the money? Ozawa should provide detailed answers to such questions.
　初公判では、献金と公共工事の受注に密接な関係があったと指摘された。なぜ特定のゼネコンから多額の献金を受けたのか。それを何に使ったのか。こうした疑問にきちんと答えるべきだ。

Almost three months have passed since Ozawa's secretary was indicted. Has Ozawa made efforts to uncover the facts of the scandal during this period? This is not a matter that can be settled with his resignation from the top post of the main opposition party.
　秘書が起訴されて約３か月たった。この間、小沢氏はどこまで事実関係の把握に努めたのか。代表を辞任して済む問題ではない。

The party itself should not imagine it can draw a line under the scandal with a report issued by a third-party committee it set up. The DPJ also should provide accounts that satisfy the public.
　民主党も、第三者委員会が出した報告書で幕を引くことなく、党として国民が納得できる説明をしなければなるまい。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 20, 2009)
（2009年6月20日01時26分 読売新聞）

移植法衆院通過 臓器提供の拡大へ踏み出した

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 19, 2009)
Vote a step forward for more organ donations
移植法衆院通過　臓器提供の拡大へ踏み出した（6月19日付・読売社説）

Current rules place tight restrictions on organ transplants in Japan, often forcing Japanese to travel abroad to receive transplants. This has to stop.
　日本国内では臓器移植を厳しく制限しながら、海外で臓器をもらう。こんな状況を、続けるわけにはいかない。

Thursday's vote in the House of Representatives signifies that many lawmakers recognize this fact and intend to expand opportunities for organ donations within Japan.
　多くの衆院議員がそう認識し、国内での臓器提供の拡大を図る意思を明確に示したと言えるだろう。

The lower house scheduled votes on four different bills in a plenary session on Thursday to revise the Organ Transplant Law. Plan A--which clears the way for more organ transplants within the country--passed the lower house.
　臓器移植法改正案は１８日、四つの案が衆院本会議にかけられ、国内で臓器移植の道を大きく広げる「Ａ案」が可決された。

With the exception of the Japanese Communist Party, which decided to abstain from voting, each party allowed its lawmakers to vote freely on the bills. Lawmakers therefore voted according to their own beliefs.
　棄権を決めた共産党以外は党議拘束をはずし、議員一人ひとりが自らの信念で記名投票した。

Of the 430 votes cast in the lower house, 263 were for Plan A, easily exceeding the 167 votes against it. With the approval of Plan A, voting for the remaining three proposals was called off.
賛成が２６３票で、反対１６７票を大きく上回った。最初にＡ案が可決されたため、他の３案は採決されなかった。

===

More in line with WHO

Plan A recognizes brain death as legal death per se and stipulates that if a person has not given clear permission to undergo a brain-death diagnosis or to become an organ donor if declared brain-dead, the decision will be entrusted to that person's family.
　Ａ案は、脳死を「人の死」と位置付けた上で、脳死判定を受けるかどうか、脳死とされた後に臓器提供するかどうかは、本人の意思が不明なら家族に委ねる、という内容である。

This is almost the same as the World Health Organization's guiding principles as well as the organ transplant laws of other major industrialized nations.
　これは世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）の指針や主要各国の臓器移植法とほぼ同じものだ。

The nation's current Organ Transplant Law is the strictest in the world regarding the conditions for becoming an organ donor. Firstly, it requires a brain-dead person to have left in writing his or her intention to donate, such as in the form of an organ donor card. Even with this, however, organ donation can still be stopped if the family of the brain-dead person opposes it.
　日本の現行の臓器移植法は、臓器提供の条件が世界の中で突出して厳しい。まず本人がカードなど書面で提供意思を残していることが絶対条件だ。それでも家族が反対すれば移植はできない。

As a result, only 81 transplants using organs from brain-dead persons have been carried out in the about 12 years since the current Organ Transplant Law came into force in October 1997. In contrast, several thousand organ transplants are conducted in the United States every year, and several hundred in major European nations.
　その結果、法律の施行から約１２年で、脳死移植は８１例にとどまっている。米国では毎年数千例、欧州の主要国でも年間数百例あるのにあまりにも少ない。

===

Allow access for children

Under the Civil Code, the will to donate organs is legally recognized only when a donor is aged 15 or older. Therefore, organ transplants for infants and young children within the country are practically impossible due to the differences in organ sizes from donor to recipient.
　また、提供意思を示す能力があるのは民法上１５歳からとされ、臓器の大きさが合わない乳幼児は、国内移植の道が事実上、閉ざされている。

This has resulted in a constant stream of Japanese children being taken overseas to receive organ transplants, often after their parents have made pleas for funds. Japanese adults also have gone abroad for operations, with some seeking organ transplants in China, where it is said that most organs come from executed criminals. Other nations have criticized Japan for these circumstances.
　このため、多くの子どもが支援金を募って海外で移植を受けてきた。大人も、中国で死刑囚から摘出されたと見られる臓器の移植を受けるなどしている。こうした日本の現状に対して、海外の視線は厳しい。

Plan A--which enables organ donation through family consent--also scraps the age limit for organ donation, which means young children will be able to receive transplants in Japan. Organ donations from adults also are expected to increase significantly.
　家族の同意で移植を可能にするＡ案は、１５歳の壁を取り払い、乳幼児に国内移植の道を開く。大人の臓器提供もかなり増えると予想されている。

One of the three bills that did not make it to vote would have partially eased conditions on organ donation, including those aged 14 or younger only being allowed to donate with family consent. However, it is difficult to fundamentally change the current situation.
　採決されなかった３案には、１５歳未満に限り家族同意で移植を可能とするなど、提供条件を部分的に緩和する案もあったが、現状を根本的に改めることは難しい。

Deliberations on the bill to revise the Organ Transplant Law will move on to the House of Councillors. There also is a move to seek the submission of a new proposal.
　臓器移植法改正案の審議は、舞台を参院に移す。さらに新たな提案を模索する動きもある。

This is a difficult issue involving viewpoints on life and death, but we cannot delay any longer in reaching a decision.
　死生観を問われる難しい問題だが、これ以上、結論を先送りすることはできない。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 19, 2009)
（2009年6月19日01時48分 読売新聞）

党首討論 首相の「郵政」弁明は苦しい

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 18, 2009)
Aso unconvincing on Japan Post plans
党首討論　首相の「郵政」弁明は苦しい（6月18日付・読売社説）

Prime Minister Taro Aso and Democratic Party of Japan leader Yukio Hatoyama faced off Wednesday in the Diet in their second head-to-head debate as ruling and opposition party leaders. The debate mainly focused on the disputed reappointment of Yoshifumi Nishikawa as president of Japan Post Holdings Co. and the fiscal resources needed to meet social security and other costs.
　麻生首相と鳩山民主党代表による２度目の党首討論は、日本郵政の西川善文社長の再任問題と社会保障費などの財源問題を軸に展開された。

Though the two talked at cross-purposes at times, the debate seemed to shed light on contentious policy issues in the run-up to the House of Representatives election.
　議論にかみ合わない部分はあったものの、衆院選に向けて政策上の論点が浮かび上がってきたのではないか。

In connection with the dispute over Nishikawa's reappointment, Hatoyama harshly criticized Aso on his handling of a series of problems involving Japan Post Holdings, saying the prime minister "can't reach judgements, is inconsistent and makes mistakes."
　西川社長の再任問題では、鳩山代表が首相の一連の対応について「判断ができない。ぶれる。間違える」と酷評した。

Aso was accused of being incapable of good judgement because he had left a series of Japan Post-related scandals unaddressed, such as the proposed bundled sale of the firm's Kampo no Yado inns.
The charge of inconsistency apparently referred to the fact that the prime minister had handed over a list of potential candidates to take over from Nishikawa as Japan Post Holdings president to then Internal Affairs and Communications Minister Kunio Hatoyama on the premise Nishikawa would be replaced.
　「判断ができない」は、かんぽの宿の売却問題など不祥事が続発しても事態を放置したこと、「ぶれる」は、首相が社長交代を前提に後継候補のリストを鳩山前総務相に渡していたことを指すのだろう。

The mistake referred to Aso's de facto dismissal of Hatoyama while keeping Nishikawa in his post.
「間違える」は、前総務相だけを更迭したことだ。

===

Pressed to fire Nishikawa

In the Diet debate, Yukio Hatoyama pressed Aso to fire Nishikawa, saying the DPJ is ready to replace the president if it takes power.
　鳩山代表は、「民主党が政権を取れば社長を交代させる」と断言し、首相に社長更迭を迫った。

Regrettably, Aso's response to Hatoyama's demand was far from convincing.
　これに対する首相の弁明は、いかにも苦しいものだった。

The prime minister simply repeated his previous explanation that the government needs to be cautious about intervening in personnel affairs regarding the private sector. He also said he had decided to dismiss only the communications minister because the prime minister's authority to make personnel changes covers only Cabinet members, not employees such as Japan Post Holdings staff.
　「民間に対する政府の人事介入は慎重であるべきだ」と従来の見解を繰り返し、前総務相だけを更迭したのも、首相の人事権が及ぶのは閣僚で、日本郵政には直接及ばないから、と説明した。

Yet, Japan Post Holdings is virtually a state-owned company, as all of the firm's shares are held by the government. The law stipulates that the internal affairs and communications minister holds the right to approve or veto personnel decisions taken by the company.
　日本郵政は、政府が全株式を保有する「国有企業」である。法律にも人事の認可権を総務相が持つと明記されている。

If the company fails to respond appropriately to a business improvement order it was given by the Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry, the government should not allow Nishikawa to stay on as the firm's president.
　業務改善命令に対する対応が不十分なら、認可しなければよい。

To act in this way is the administrative body's "responsibility," rather than an "intervention."
それは「介入」どころか、行政の「責務」であろう。

We urge the prime minister to put his foot down regarding Nishikawa's managerial responsibilities.
首相は西川社長の経営責任に明確なけじめをつけるべきだ。

===

DPJ head branded irresponsible

The prime minister did, however, take the lead in the debate on fiscal resources for key projects.
　一方、財源を巡る議論は首相がリードした。

In response to Hatoyama's calls for improved medical services, Aso called the DPJ leader's proposal irresponsible unless clear fiscal-resource options were presented. Aso also stressed that debate on a consumption tax hike could not be avoided.
　医療の充実を掲げる鳩山代表に「財源の話がなければ無責任だ」と切り返し、「消費税の論議は避けて通れない」と強調した。

Hatoyama stated clearly that his party would not raise the consumption tax rate for at least four years. He explained that the 20 trillion yen that would be needed to achieve his party's policies would be generated from general and special accounts totaling 210 trillion yen by eliminating wasteful spending in the budget.
　鳩山代表は、４年間は消費税は上げないと明言した。その代わりに、予算の無駄遣いを徹底的に排除し、民主党の政策を実現するための２０兆円は、一般・特別会計を合わせた２１０兆円から捻出(ねんしゅつ)すると説明したが、説得力のあるものとは言えなかった。

Hatoyama's argument, however, was not persuasive. Of the 210 trillion yen he would target, debt-servicing costs and other expenses that would prove hard to trim total 180 trillion yen.
　２１０兆円のうち、国債費など削減が困難な費目は計１８０兆円に上る。

Aso criticized the proposal, saying it would be unrealistic to squeeze 20 trillion yen out of the remaining 30 trillion yen.
We find the prime minister quite right on this point.
残り３０兆円から２０兆円を出すとの主張は非現実的、と首相が批判したのは当然だろう。

At Aso's behest, it was decided that the two leaders will hold another Diet debate, with the focus to be on tax and fiscal policies, and diplomatic and security issues.
　首相の提案で、税財政や外交・安全保障に絞って党首討論を改めて開催することが決まった。

If the two leaders frequently lock horns in the Diet, it will help clarify contentious issues prior to the next lower house election. We welcome this development.
党首同士の論戦が頻繁に行われれば、おのずと衆院選の争点も明確になろう。この流れを歓迎したい。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 18, 2009)
（2009年6月18日01時32分 読売新聞）

内閣支持率下落 日本郵政人事で誤断したツケ

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 17, 2009)
Aso must act to resolve Nishikawa issue
内閣支持率下落　日本郵政人事で誤断したツケ（6月17日付・読売社説）

The results of The Yomiuri Shimbun's latest survey might have come as a shock to Prime Minister Taro Aso--it indicates he has been driven into a ditch.
　麻生首相も驚く数字だったのではないか。まさに進退窮まると言えるような状況だ。

In the snap survey, the approval rating for the Aso Cabinet was shown to have dropped to 22.9 percent, down 6.6 percentage points from a similar survey conducted just a week ago. Opinion polls by other newspapers show a similar dive.
　読売新聞の緊急世論調査で、麻生内閣の支持率が２２・９％に下落した。１週間前の調査と比べて、６・６ポイントも低下した。他紙の世論調査でも、同様の傾向である。

One key cause for the decline in public support is apparent. It is the dismissal of Internal Affairs and Communications Minister Kunio Hatoyama who was opposed to allowing Yoshifumi Nishikawa staying on as president of Japan Post Holdings Co.
　原因は明らかだ。日本郵政の西川善文社長の続投に異を唱えていた鳩山前総務相の更迭にある。

Sixty-five percent of those surveyed by The Yomiuri Shimbun said it had been unnecessary to oust Hatoyama.
本紙の調査では、「更迭する必要はなかった」が６５％に上った。

It means the prime minister must now make a clear judgment on management responsibility at Japan Post Holdings if he is to get out of this pinch.
　とすれば、首相がこの窮地から脱するには、まず、日本郵政の経営責任について明確なけじめをつけることである。

Aso said he had dismissed Hatoyama because the minister had caused confusion for the government in its dealings with Japan Post Holdings, and because the government should avoid intervening directly in the personnel affairs of a private company.
　更迭の理由について首相は、政府と日本郵政との間に混乱が生じたこと、民間会社の人事に国が直接介入するのは避けるべきことを挙げていた。

But the public evidently is not satisfied with this explanation.
だが、世論はこれに納得していない。

===

Lack of leadership

According to the Yomiuri survey, many of the respondents attributed the confusion over whether Nishikawa should continue as president to a lack of leadership on Aso's behalf. The prime minister bears a great weight of responsibility for delaying judgment on this issue while seeking a replacement for Nishikawa.
　本紙調査では、今回の人事がこれほど混乱したのは、「首相の指導力不足」にあるとみている人が多い。首相が西川社長交代を模索しながら、ずるずると判断を先延ばしした責任は大きい。

The prime minister's delay in reaching a judgment appears to have worsened the already poor political situation spanning many other issues. Aso should take a long hard look at himself concerning this state of affairs.
　今回に限らず、首相の判断の遅れが政治の停滞に輪をかけているケースが目立つ。大いに反省してもらいたい。

However, the latest political confusion cannot be attributed solely to the prime minister, since the real substance of this problem relates to the management responsibility of Japan Post Holdings, particularly its president, Nishikawa.
　しかし混迷の原因を首相だけに帰すわけにはいかない。問題の本質は、日本郵政とりわけ西川社長の経営責任にあるからである。

The company has been tainted by several scandals including its questionable attempt to sell its Kampo no Yado resort facilities, the nonpayment of Kampo postal life insurance benefits and abuse of a direct-mail discount system meant only for disabled people's organizations.
　保養宿泊施設「かんぽの宿」売却問題はもとより、簡易生命保険の保険金不払い、障害者団体向け郵便料金割引制度を悪用した事件などが相次いでいる。

===

67% want Nishikawa to go

According to the survey, 80 percent of the respondents said there were problems with the attempted bundled sale of the Kampo no Yado hotels, and 67 percent said it was not acceptable for Nishikawa to remain in his position. The figures indicate there is a great sense of dissatisfaction that action has not been taken against those responsible for the above scandals.
　国民の８割が「かんぽの宿」の一括売却には「問題があった」とみている。６７％が西川社長の続投について「納得できない」と答えている。不祥事に対する責任が不問に付されていることに、釈然としないのだろう。

"Based on severe self-criticism, it's my duty to accelerate the necessary reforms," Nishikawa said. But, his remark is not sufficient to bring down the curtain on this issue.
　西川社長は、「厳しい反省の上に立って必要な改革を加速していくのが私の責務」と語っている。だが、ちょっと待ってほしい。

Why were the Kampo no Yado facilities, public property in a sense, nearly sold at throwaway prices? Can Japan Post Holdings recover public confidence under the current management?
　なぜ、国民の共有財産といえる施設が二束三文で売られようとしたのか。現体制のままで、日本郵政は、国民の信頼を回復することができるのか。

First of all, Nishikawa has a responsibility to clearly answer these questions.
　西川社長には、何よりも、これに明確に答える責任がある。

Aso said he would make a final judgment on what to do with Nishikawa based on how Japan Post Holdings responds to an operational improvement order it received from the Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry. After carefully examining the response, the prime minister must settle this matter once and for all.
　麻生首相は、西川社長の処遇に関し、総務省の業務改善命令に対する日本郵政の回答に基づいて、最終判断すると言ってきた。きちんと吟味して、この問題に決着をつけねばならない。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 17, 2009)
（2009年6月17日01時34分 読売新聞）

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「安心会議」報告 提言を建設的議論の出発点に

The Yomiuri Shimbun(Jun. 16, 2009)
Use proposals as basis for social peace of mind
「安心会議」報告　提言を建設的議論の出発点に（6月16日付・読売社説）

The direction Japan's social security system should take has been sorted out to a large degree.
　日本が目指す社会保障の方向性が、かなり整理されたのではないか。

A government panel, which has been discussing ways to realize a society that feels secure about its future, came out with its final report Monday.
　政府の「安心社会実現会議」が１５日、最終報告をまとめた。

The final report was worked out through discussions on Japan's future among experts in a variety of fields. It presented a set of goals that a future administration, whatever its political framework, should tackle.
　幅広い顔ぶれで日本の将来像を議論し、練り上げたものだ。今後、政権がどのような枠組みになったとしても取り組むべき基本線を示したと言えよう。

The report takes as its foundation the idea of "realizing both peace of mind and vitality" in Japanese society.
　最終報告が根底に据えたものは「安心と活力の両立」という考え方である。

Although the structural reform spearheaded by former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi had some successes, including the disposal of bad loans held by financial institutions, its policy management, which is characterized as market fundamentalism, caused various institutions, including the social security system, to fray around the edges and fall into disarray. The report suggested that these problems be corrected in a balanced manner.
　小泉構造改革は不良債権処理に成果を上げるなどしたものの、市場原理主義的な政策運営により、社会保障など、さまざまな分野で綻(ほころ)びや混乱を生じさせた。これをバランスよく軌道修正する、ということだろう。

The report discusses social security with a slightly wider concept it describes as "peace-of-mind security."
　報告書は、社会保障の概念をもう少し幅広くした「安心保障」という造語を用いている。

The new concept stresses that the people's sense of security must be pursued in five fields--employment, child-raising, education, health care and retirement--which should be linked seamlessly. In particular, it puts employment security at the center.
　雇用、子育て、教育、医療、老後の５分野で、国民の安心を追求し、切れ目なく連動させる。中心には「雇用の安心」を置く。

===

Steady jobs mean stable society

A stable household economy leads to security in the other four fields and they will all in turn create a foundation that supports the country's economic vitality. There can be no objection to this understanding.
　家計の安定が他の４分野の安心につながり、経済の活力を支える土台となる。この認識に異論はあるまい。

The panel also lists 10 urgently needed measures, which should be implemented by fiscal 2011, a symbolic year that marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the universal public health insurance and public pension systems.
　安心社会実現会議は、２０１１年度を国民皆保険・皆年金の実現から５０年の象徴的節目ととらえ、それまでに行うべき、１０の緊急施策も挙げた。

The panel also made various proposals, including, financial assistance to families with small children, expansion of application of social insurance to nonregular workers, improvement of scholarship, guaranteeing of housing for the elderly, introduction of a social security number system, and reorganization of administrative bodies to carry out reforms.
　子育て世帯への経済支援、非正規労働者への社会保険適用拡大、奨学金の充実、高齢者に対する住宅保障、社会保障番号の導入、改革に取り組むための行政組織の再編などが提言されている。

It is necessary to secure funds to implement these urgently required measures on a permanent basis and improve them even further.

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Covering costs

The report presents a method for transforming the consumption tax into a tax to support social security in which a social security account would be created in the national budget and funded with all the revenues from the consumption tax. The report says such a method is worth discussing.
　こうした緊急施策を恒久化し、さらに充実していくには確固とした財源が必要だ。
　報告書は、国の予算に「社会保障勘定」を作り、そこに消費税をすべて繰り入れて社会保障目的税化する方法を示した上で、「検討に値する」とした。

The problem is whether there exists the political will to make such changes. In this respect, the report proposes establishment of "a roundtable council" in which the ruling and opposition party members discuss the matter in a suprapartisan fashion and reach consensus.
　問題は、実現させる政治の意思である。この点については、与野党が党派を超えて議論と合意形成をすすめるための「円卓会議」の設置を提唱している。

The Diet established a similar joint council of both chambers to discuss social security reform four years ago. Suprapartisan lawmakers at the council attempted to carry out the reform, but failed to hold fruitful discussions, apparently because they simply insisted on their positions without sorting out a compromise they could agree upon.
　国会は４年前にも社会保障改革のための衆参合同会議を設置し、超党派による改革を試みたが、実りある議論にならなかった。一致できる基本線がまったく整理されないまま、主張をぶつけ合ったからではないか。

The latest proposals by the panel could promote constructive discussions on the matter in politics and serve as a starting point for building national consensus. We hope deeper discussions will be held based on these proposals.
　安心社会実現会議の提言は、政治に建設的議論を促し、国民的な合意を形成するための出発点となりうる。これをたたき台に議論を深めたい。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, June 16, 2009)
（2009年6月16日01時33分 読売新聞）