国連安保理 制裁の実効性をどう高めるか

The Yomiuri Shimbun(May. 27, 2009)
Tough sanctions needed to halt DPRK's N-efforts
国連安保理　制裁の実効性をどう高めるか（5月27日付・読売社説）

Japan must actively lead discussions at the U.N. Security Council to ensure that a new resolution against North Korea for conducting a nuclear test Monday produces results.
　北朝鮮の核実験に対する国連安全保障理事会の新決議が実効性の高いものとなるよう、日本は安保理の議論を積極的に主導していくべきだ。

At an emergency meeting Monday, the Security Council agreed to start work on a new resolution after declaring the latest test a "clear violation" of Resolution 1718, passed in the wake of North Korea's first nuclear test in October 2006.
　国連安保理は緊急会合で、今回の核実験が、２００６年１０月の核実験後に採択した制裁決議１７１８への「明確な違反」にあたるとして、新たな決議の採択に向け作業を開始することで合意した。

Tokyo plans to prepare a draft resolution, which calls for a beefing up of sanctions against Pyongyang.
　日本は、制裁措置を強化する内容の決議案を準備する方針だ。

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Resolution must have teeth

Resolution 1718 obliges all U.N. member states to ban the export to North Korea of arms and materials related to weapons of mass destruction as well as luxury goods. It also requires them to freeze assets held by North Korean companies linked to weapons of mass destruction and requests them to inspect the cargo of vessels traveling to and from North Korea.
　決議１７１８は、武器および大量破壊兵器関連物資、ぜいたく品の輸出禁止や、北朝鮮の大量破壊兵器関連企業の資産凍結を、すべての加盟国に義務づけている。北朝鮮に出入りする船舶などの貨物検査も各国に要請している。

Pivotal points in discussing a new resolution are whether the Security Council will be able to expand the scope of the assets freeze, compile a list of luxury goods banned for export and make ship inspections an obligation rather than a request.
　新決議は、資産凍結対象の拡大やぜいたく品のリスト作成、貨物検査の「要請」を義務に格上げすることが盛り込まれるかどうかが焦点となる。

Work to select North Korean organizations whose assets are to be frozen was suspended after Pyongyang returned to six-party talks on its nuclear program in 2007, but it was resumed after the North launched a ballistic missile last month.
The number of such organizations currently stands at only three, reflecting the positions of China and Russia, both of which are reluctant to impose sanctions on North Korea.
　資産凍結対象団体の選定作業は０７年の北朝鮮の６か国協議復帰に伴って中断し、先月の弾道ミサイル発射を受けて再開された。しかし、制裁に慎重な中国とロシアの意向を反映し、資産凍結の対象は３団体にとどまっている。

The Security Council should not make the same mistake in responding to the latest nuclear test. It is important to ensure a new resolution has teeth.
　今回の核実験では、同じ轍(てつ)を踏んではなるまい。新たな制裁決議は、より効果的な内容にすることが大事だ。

Even if a new resolution is passed, it is possible North Korea will openly defy it by ramping up its nuclear program and test-firing more missiles.
　ただ、新決議を採択しても、北朝鮮は公然と無視し、核開発とミサイル発射実験をエスカレートさせる可能性が高い。

Unless the United States and China make a serious effort to forestall North Korea's nuclear ambitions, it will prove difficult to make Pyongyang abandon its nuclear development program. The United States can resort to financial sanctions, while China, as the biggest provider of energy and other aid to North Korea, can play a crucial role.
　金融制裁の手段を持つ米国と、エネルギー支援を含め最大の援助国である中国が、本気で阻止しようとしない限り、北朝鮮に核開発を断念させるのは至難だろう。

Japan is directly threatened by North Korea's possible development of missiles with nuclear warheads. It is therefore essential for Tokyo to vigorously urge Washington and Beijing to apply pressure on Pyongyang to abandon its nuclear program.
　北朝鮮の核ミサイルの脅威に直接さらされているのは日本だ。米国や中国に対して北朝鮮に圧力を加えるよう、強く働きかけていく必要がある。

China has said it is reluctant to strengthen sanctions against North Korea because doing so would make the early resumption of the six-party talks, which it chairs, less likely. Russia, which currently chairs the Security Council, has acted in tandem with China.
　中国は従来、北朝鮮への制裁強化に慎重な理由として、自らが議長国を務める６か国協議の再開が遠のくことを挙げてきた。安保理の現議長国であるロシアも中国と同一歩調を取ってきた。

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6-party talks not top priority

The truth of the matter is that North Korea hitherto used the six-party talks to play for time in its efforts to develop nuclear weapons.
　だが、６か国協議が北朝鮮に核開発の時間稼ぎに利用されたのは紛れもない現実だ。

It has been a standard tactic of North Korea to agree to the resumption of six-party talks only in an effort to gain something in return. At this point, prioritizing dialogue with North Korea will only give the country an opportunity to turn the situation to its advantage.
　協議の再開に応じるだけで見返りを引き出そうとするのも、北朝鮮の常套(じょうとう)手段である。この期に及んでの対話重視の姿勢は、北朝鮮に足元をみられるだけだろう。

The international community must make the yet-to-be-agreed resolution the cornerstone of an approach that will put pressure on North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons program.
　新たな制裁決議を、北朝鮮に対し核廃棄を迫るための重要な土台にしなければならない。

(From The Yomiuri Shimbun, May 27, 2009)
（2009年5月27日01時27分 読売新聞）