読売、毎日、朝日各社英字新聞の社説を学習研究
×
[PR]上記の広告は3ヶ月以上新規記事投稿のないブログに表示されています。新しい記事を書く事で広告が消えます。
(Mainichi Japan) September 25, 2008
Which politician will be the next cartoon hero?
余録：風刺漫画の主人公
Former Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida was looking for the house of an acquaintance while visiting Kamakura when a child playing baseball on a vacant lot saw him, and shouted, "The prime minister's here!"
吉田茂元首相が鎌倉の知人を訪ね、家を探していると、空き地で野球をしていた子供が見つけて叫んだ。「総理大臣がいるよ！」。
One of his playmates, not taking him seriously, shouted back, "Why would the prime minister come here?" But the child who had seen Yoshida said, "But he looks just like the cartoon character." Yoshida himself was fond of retelling this story.
仲間がバカにしたように「こんなとこに総理大臣がいるもんか」と言うと、見つけた子は「けど、漫画にそっくりだよ」吉田本人が好んで語っていた話という。
Indeed, Yoshida was caricatured in countless cartoons, and when he retired, one cartoonist came out with a cartoon in which cartoonists express their gratitude to the prime minister.
実際、風刺漫画に数限りなく描かれ、引退時には漫画家がこぞって元首相に感謝している漫画まで描かれたという人だ。
His grandson, Liberal Democratic Party President and Prime Minister Taro Aso, who is himself a cartoon fan, has finally acquired the throne that allows him to become the hero of a political cartoon. In a crowded field of five, Aso won two-thirds of the votes cast in the LDP presidential election, and cruised to a landslide victory.
その孫で、自身が漫画ファンという麻生太郎自民党新総裁も、ようやく念願の風刺漫画の主人公の座を手中に収めた
５人の候補乱立となった自民党総裁選で、投票総数の３分の２を集めて圧勝した麻生新総裁だった。
Aso takes the helm of a party that has been peering over the precipice because its two previous leaders abandoned the reins of government. But the new prime minister's plans for opposing Democratic Party of Japan leader Ichiro Ozawa, who on the previous day had unveiled his own platform, are falling into place. Without a doubt, the LDP is reading from a playbook that calls for the selection of a new party president to jumpstart the party's sagging approval ratings, and the pumping up of the new leader's popularity as he heads into the general election.
２代続けてトップが政権を投げ出したガケっぷちの党を率い、前日に政権構想を発表した民主党・小沢一郎代表と対決する構図が固まった
もともと新総裁選びで党の支持率低下をリセットし、新リーダーの人気をもり立てて総選挙に臨むのが自民党のシナリオに違いない。
But in the interim, the U.S. financial crisis and the tainted rice scandal have snowballed. Holding the party presidential election in the midst of these events left people with the impression that Japanese politics was incapable of mustering a response.
だがこの間の米金融危機、汚染米問題の拡大である。そのさなかの総裁選は状況に対応できない日本政治を象徴するかのように国民の目に映った
Shigeru Yoshida hated election campaigns. When his campaign strategists urged him to deliver speeches on the street, he refused, saying, "How can I speak on affairs of state where there is constant horse and car traffic!" But today, the LDP's popularity depends on the constant traffic of new party presidents. It just so happens that Ozawa's father, Saeki Ozawa, a masterful politician, was a close associate of Yoshida's. So of these two party leaders with a connection to Yoshida, who will survive to become the hero of a political cartoon? ("Yoroku," a front page column in the Mainichi Shimbun)
選挙運動嫌いだった吉田茂は、選挙参謀が街頭演説を求めると「車馬絡繹（らくえき）で国事が語れるか」と言って応じなかった。「絡繹」とは人馬の往来が絶えないさまを示した古い言葉だが、今や自民党には新総裁の絡繹での人気が頼りのようである
ちなみに小沢代表の父親、小沢佐重喜（さえき）も吉田茂の側近としてらつ腕を振るった政治家だった。ではこの吉田ゆかりの与野党リーダー２人、どちらが風刺漫画の主人公として生き残るだろう。
Which politician will be the next cartoon hero?
余録：風刺漫画の主人公
Former Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida was looking for the house of an acquaintance while visiting Kamakura when a child playing baseball on a vacant lot saw him, and shouted, "The prime minister's here!"
吉田茂元首相が鎌倉の知人を訪ね、家を探していると、空き地で野球をしていた子供が見つけて叫んだ。「総理大臣がいるよ！」。
One of his playmates, not taking him seriously, shouted back, "Why would the prime minister come here?" But the child who had seen Yoshida said, "But he looks just like the cartoon character." Yoshida himself was fond of retelling this story.
仲間がバカにしたように「こんなとこに総理大臣がいるもんか」と言うと、見つけた子は「けど、漫画にそっくりだよ」吉田本人が好んで語っていた話という。
Indeed, Yoshida was caricatured in countless cartoons, and when he retired, one cartoonist came out with a cartoon in which cartoonists express their gratitude to the prime minister.
実際、風刺漫画に数限りなく描かれ、引退時には漫画家がこぞって元首相に感謝している漫画まで描かれたという人だ。
His grandson, Liberal Democratic Party President and Prime Minister Taro Aso, who is himself a cartoon fan, has finally acquired the throne that allows him to become the hero of a political cartoon. In a crowded field of five, Aso won two-thirds of the votes cast in the LDP presidential election, and cruised to a landslide victory.
その孫で、自身が漫画ファンという麻生太郎自民党新総裁も、ようやく念願の風刺漫画の主人公の座を手中に収めた
５人の候補乱立となった自民党総裁選で、投票総数の３分の２を集めて圧勝した麻生新総裁だった。
Aso takes the helm of a party that has been peering over the precipice because its two previous leaders abandoned the reins of government. But the new prime minister's plans for opposing Democratic Party of Japan leader Ichiro Ozawa, who on the previous day had unveiled his own platform, are falling into place. Without a doubt, the LDP is reading from a playbook that calls for the selection of a new party president to jumpstart the party's sagging approval ratings, and the pumping up of the new leader's popularity as he heads into the general election.
２代続けてトップが政権を投げ出したガケっぷちの党を率い、前日に政権構想を発表した民主党・小沢一郎代表と対決する構図が固まった
もともと新総裁選びで党の支持率低下をリセットし、新リーダーの人気をもり立てて総選挙に臨むのが自民党のシナリオに違いない。
But in the interim, the U.S. financial crisis and the tainted rice scandal have snowballed. Holding the party presidential election in the midst of these events left people with the impression that Japanese politics was incapable of mustering a response.
だがこの間の米金融危機、汚染米問題の拡大である。そのさなかの総裁選は状況に対応できない日本政治を象徴するかのように国民の目に映った
Shigeru Yoshida hated election campaigns. When his campaign strategists urged him to deliver speeches on the street, he refused, saying, "How can I speak on affairs of state where there is constant horse and car traffic!" But today, the LDP's popularity depends on the constant traffic of new party presidents. It just so happens that Ozawa's father, Saeki Ozawa, a masterful politician, was a close associate of Yoshida's. So of these two party leaders with a connection to Yoshida, who will survive to become the hero of a political cartoon? ("Yoroku," a front page column in the Mainichi Shimbun)
選挙運動嫌いだった吉田茂は、選挙参謀が街頭演説を求めると「車馬絡繹（らくえき）で国事が語れるか」と言って応じなかった。「絡繹」とは人馬の往来が絶えないさまを示した古い言葉だが、今や自民党には新総裁の絡繹での人気が頼りのようである
ちなみに小沢代表の父親、小沢佐重喜（さえき）も吉田茂の側近としてらつ腕を振るった政治家だった。ではこの吉田ゆかりの与野党リーダー２人、どちらが風刺漫画の主人公として生き残るだろう。
PR
(Mainichi Japan) September 25, 2008
Poor political reportage promotes poor politics and politicians
ぶら下がりの虚像
Taro Aso, who was elected prime minister on Wednesday, shares his deep feelings with a close friend: "I don't think ordinary people understand the anguish of extremely rich people."
今日、首相に選出される麻生太郎氏は、心を許した相手には「とてつもない金持ちに生まれた人間の苦しみなんて普通の人には分からんだろうな」としんみり語る。
Even though Aso occasionally assumes a persona where he "pretends" to be a bad guy, it appears that this is actually his true nature.
The way he considers himself to be someone born to a special fate, and his confidence that he has experienced hardships that nobody else knows reveal a deep psychological condition.
How he will control the government appears likely to depend on this warped self-confidence.
時に偽悪家ぶるところがあるが、これは率直な気持ちだろう。自分を特別な運命に生まれたと信じる自惚（うぬぼ）れと、人知れぬ苦労も積んだという負けん気は、新首相の深層心理をうかがわせて興味深い。今後の政権運営は、この屈折した自負心が左右する気がする。
I talk about such a thing because I wondered why Yasuo Fukuda, who resigned as prime minister on Wednesday, had decided to dump his government in an irresponsible manner and later acted selfishly. It all leads to the conclusion that he was not qualified to be prime minister. Many political reporters realized this fact, but did they clearly report it?
こんな話を持ち出すのは、今日で首相を終える福田康夫氏の無責任な政権放り出しと、その後の身勝手な言動に考え込んでしまったからだ。首相の器でなかったということに尽きるが、政治記者の多くは、そのことを知っていた。でも、それをきちんと伝えたか。
After Fukuda announced his decision to resign, the Mainichi Shimbun reported that as early as April he was tired of being prime minister. Nevertheless, the Mainichi Shimbun at the same time carried other articles saying that the prime minister was enthusiastic about his work.
Even though Fukuda displayed a mixture of aggressive and feeble attitudes, I cannot help but admit that these reports were incorrect. This is because the reporters failed to get to the bottom of Fukuda's real intentions and simply believed what his aides said.
退陣表明後、弊紙は福田氏が４月には嫌気が差していたと報じた。ところが、当時の紙面を繰ってみると、「首相は意欲満々」と何度も書いている。強気と弱気が交錯していたにせよ、誤報と認めざるを得ない。
Since Junichiro Koizumi was in office, brief interviews with the prime ministers at their office, which were limited to twice a day, had continued for seven years. This set a bad precedent for political reporters who have now come to believe that such brief interviews are enough to write articles.
Reporters were criticized for failing to ask tough questions during the news conference at which Fukuda announced his decision to resign because they were asking questions as if the news conference was just another one of the brief interviews at the prime minister's office.
People often talk about the political crisis, but it's largely because of the crisis of political news coverage. (By Tomonaga Ito, Political News Writer, Mainichi Shimbun)
本人の実像に迫れず、秘書官らの煙幕をうのみにしたせいだ。小泉政権で昼夕２度に制限された首相への「ぶら下がり」。７年も続き、あれで済ますのが記者の悪弊になった。突っ込み不足と不評だった福田氏の退陣会見も「ぶら下がり」の延長だったからではないか。政治の危機と言うが、半分は政治報道の危機だろう。【伊藤智永】
毎日新聞 2008年9月24日 東京朝刊
Poor political reportage promotes poor politics and politicians
ぶら下がりの虚像
Taro Aso, who was elected prime minister on Wednesday, shares his deep feelings with a close friend: "I don't think ordinary people understand the anguish of extremely rich people."
今日、首相に選出される麻生太郎氏は、心を許した相手には「とてつもない金持ちに生まれた人間の苦しみなんて普通の人には分からんだろうな」としんみり語る。
Even though Aso occasionally assumes a persona where he "pretends" to be a bad guy, it appears that this is actually his true nature.
The way he considers himself to be someone born to a special fate, and his confidence that he has experienced hardships that nobody else knows reveal a deep psychological condition.
How he will control the government appears likely to depend on this warped self-confidence.
時に偽悪家ぶるところがあるが、これは率直な気持ちだろう。自分を特別な運命に生まれたと信じる自惚（うぬぼ）れと、人知れぬ苦労も積んだという負けん気は、新首相の深層心理をうかがわせて興味深い。今後の政権運営は、この屈折した自負心が左右する気がする。
I talk about such a thing because I wondered why Yasuo Fukuda, who resigned as prime minister on Wednesday, had decided to dump his government in an irresponsible manner and later acted selfishly. It all leads to the conclusion that he was not qualified to be prime minister. Many political reporters realized this fact, but did they clearly report it?
こんな話を持ち出すのは、今日で首相を終える福田康夫氏の無責任な政権放り出しと、その後の身勝手な言動に考え込んでしまったからだ。首相の器でなかったということに尽きるが、政治記者の多くは、そのことを知っていた。でも、それをきちんと伝えたか。
After Fukuda announced his decision to resign, the Mainichi Shimbun reported that as early as April he was tired of being prime minister. Nevertheless, the Mainichi Shimbun at the same time carried other articles saying that the prime minister was enthusiastic about his work.
Even though Fukuda displayed a mixture of aggressive and feeble attitudes, I cannot help but admit that these reports were incorrect. This is because the reporters failed to get to the bottom of Fukuda's real intentions and simply believed what his aides said.
退陣表明後、弊紙は福田氏が４月には嫌気が差していたと報じた。ところが、当時の紙面を繰ってみると、「首相は意欲満々」と何度も書いている。強気と弱気が交錯していたにせよ、誤報と認めざるを得ない。
Since Junichiro Koizumi was in office, brief interviews with the prime ministers at their office, which were limited to twice a day, had continued for seven years. This set a bad precedent for political reporters who have now come to believe that such brief interviews are enough to write articles.
Reporters were criticized for failing to ask tough questions during the news conference at which Fukuda announced his decision to resign because they were asking questions as if the news conference was just another one of the brief interviews at the prime minister's office.
People often talk about the political crisis, but it's largely because of the crisis of political news coverage. (By Tomonaga Ito, Political News Writer, Mainichi Shimbun)
本人の実像に迫れず、秘書官らの煙幕をうのみにしたせいだ。小泉政権で昼夕２度に制限された首相への「ぶら下がり」。７年も続き、あれで済ますのが記者の悪弊になった。突っ込み不足と不評だった福田氏の退陣会見も「ぶら下がり」の延長だったからではないか。政治の危機と言うが、半分は政治報道の危機だろう。【伊藤智永】
毎日新聞 2008年9月24日 東京朝刊
(Mainichi Japan) September 24, 2008
Environmental challenges ahead for Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine world heritage site
石見銀山遺跡：世界遺産へ観光客押し寄せ、「環境との調和」仕切り直し
◇石見銀山の挑戦
Shimane -- In July 2007, Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in Oda, Shimane Prefecture, became the first Japanese industrial site to be registered as a world heritage site. It gained high appraisal during the World Heritage Committee investigation for its "coexistence with nature" and "harmony with the environment."
However, environmental problems subsequently arose due to an increase in the number of tourists to the area. In response, local residents have made the bold decision to abolish a local bus service, which has been a precious means of transportation for them.
From this autumn, the people of Oda will make a fresh start with an even greater respect for the environment.
日本初の産業遺跡として昨年７月、世界文化遺産に登録された石見銀山遺跡（島根県大田市）。世界遺産委員会の審査では「自然との共存」「環境との調和」が高い評価を受けた。だが、観光客の増加で、環境破壊という問題が浮上。住民は地域の足でもある路線バスの廃止を決断した。この秋、「環境」というキーワードに立ち返った仕切り直しが始まる。【大田通信部・船津健一】
◆観光客倍増
Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine is valued for three main features: The remains of the silver mine, the town itself, and the routes to the port. The core zone of the heritage area covers 442 hectares, encompassing the towns of Omori, Nima, and Yunotsu. The most popular site is Omori, where people can see the shaft of the silver mine and areas of the residential town that remain from the Edo period. Most tours planned by travel agencies focus on this town. An amazing 714,000 tourists visited the site in 2007 when it was registered as a world heritage site, almost double the number of the previous year. This year, the number of visitors reached 560,000 by the end of August, which is equivalent to a 1.7-fold increase on the previous year.
石見銀山遺跡を構成する要素は大きく三つ。銀鉱山跡、町並み、街道と港だ。大森町、仁摩（にま）町、温泉津（ゆのつ）町の市内３町に点在するそれらの総面積は約４４２ヘクタールになる。中でも、銀採掘坑道や江戸時代の区割りを伝える町並みが残る大森町には観光客が押し寄せる。旅行代理店のツアーもここに集中する。世界遺産に登録された０７年の観光客数は前年の２倍近い７１・４万人。今年は８月末で５６万人に迫り、前年同期比１・７倍と衰える気配がない。
The town of Omori is home to 390 people among 170 families. These people requested a "Park and Ride" system to Iwami Kotsu (headquarters in Masuda) last April to reduce the number of tourists' cars entering the town. People park their cars in a new free parking lot (with a capacity of 400 cars and 11 buses) 2.5 kilometers south of the area, and take a shuttle bus to the town. People are also discouraged from visiting the most popular site, the "Ryugenji Mabu (Mine Shaft)" at the foot of the mine by car. Instead, public buses (with a capacity 43 people) shuttle to and from the town area. Due to the increase in the number of tourists, the original nine round trips were increased to 18 roundtrips for weekdays and 35 for weekends and holidays. Along the narrow road where even passenger cars can barely pass, residents and visitors alike are suffering from exhaust fumes from the buses.
大森の町並み地区は、１７０世帯３９０人が暮らす「生活の場」でもある。観光車両の流入を防ぐため、市は昨年４月末、石見交通（本社・益田市）に要請して「パーク＆ライド」を始めた。同地区の２・５キロ南に新設した無料駐車場（乗用車４００台、観光バス１１台）に車を置き、同社の路線バスに乗り換えて町へ入ってもらう仕組みだ。一方、銀鉱山のふもとにある一番人気の「龍源寺間歩（まぶ）」（坑道）へも一般車両は乗り入れ禁止とし、町並み地区から路線バス（４３人乗り）を使ってもらうことになった。
従来は９往復だったダイヤを平日１８往復、土日祝日は３５往復と大幅に増便。普通車でもすれ違うのがやっとの市道で、住民も観光客も追い越していくバスの排ガスを浴び、顔をしかめた。
◆混雑、混乱
During the autumn tourist season, people flood into the town. "Weekday overcrowding turns into weekend chaos," sighs a community association official.
Although it is only 30 minutes on foot from the town to the mine shaft, many tourists choose to wait for the bus. Many full buses go by until we can get on," the official added.
秋の行楽シーズンには観光客が殺到。「平日は混雑、土日は混乱」（自治会役員）という状態になった。町並み地区から坑道へは徒歩でも３０分程度だが、観光客の多くはバスを利用する。「何台待ってもバスに乗れない」。
Responding to the complaints, the bus company has increased the service, resulting in nearly 100 shuttles on weekdays. The buses are always overcrowded and the residents can't use them. Moreover, the residents have to put up with exhaust fumes, noise, vibrations, etc.
"It's not a local bus anymore -- it's turned into a tourist bus," complains the official.
It didn't take long before the residents called for action.
苦情に応えて臨時便を増やしたため、多い日には平日でも１００台近くがピストン運行した。
いつも満員のバスには住民も乗れない。「もはや路線バスじゃない。 観光バスだ」。加えて排ガス、騒音、振動。住民が悲鳴を上げるまで時間はかからなかった。
In December last year, Omori Community Council decided to petition the city of Oda to abolish the running of the local bus.
どうすればいいか。町民集会を重ねた末、大森町自治会協議会は昨年１２月、路線バスの廃止を大田市に陳情した。
One week after the petition, a 110 cm by 50 cm rock weighing 80 kg rolled down the slope alongside the bus route, right in front of the mine shaft. It was midnight, and luckily no one was injured, but the falling rock was exactly what the petitioners had predicted might occur as a result of the vibrations from the buses. An investigation confirmed that work to prevent falling rocks would take about two years to complete, which added pressure to do away with the local bus.
その１週間後、坑道の手前のバス道に面した斜面から全長１１０センチ、幅５０センチ、重さ約８０キロの岩が落ちる落石事故が発生。深夜の発生でけが人はなかったが、陳情書が指摘した「バスの振動による落石」が現実になった。市は現場付近を通行止めとし、路線バスは手前の停留所で折り返すことになった。調査の結果、落石防止の工事に約２年かかることも判明。これが路線バス廃止へ向けた動きを後押しした。
◆「歩く」観光へ
So it was decided that the local bus service that shuttles people between the mine shaft and the town would be abolished. Although there were pros and cons to the decision, one resident stated flatly, "If we get rid of the buses, tourists and physically challenged people may be (negatively) affected. Still, we residents live here all our lives. We can't live with such anxiety."
市と石見交通は来月１日から、坑道と町並みを往復していた路線バスを全廃する。決定までには賛否両論あったが、ある住民は集会でこう言い切った。「バスを廃止すれば、観光客が減ったり障害者に迷惑をかける。でも住人は死ぬまでそこに住み続ける。不安を抱えながら過ごすことはできません」
On the second autumn after its registration as a world heritage site, Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine will switch its policy to promoting sightseeing on foot. It has plans to introduce two hybrid buses that use both electric motors and conventional combustion engines along the "Park and Ride" routes from next fiscal year.
登録から２度目の秋を迎えた石見銀山は「歩く観光」にかじを切る。来年度からは、パーク＆ライド路線にモーターとエンジンを併用する「ハイブリッドバス」２台を導入する計画もある。
There are also plans to introduce emission-free electric buses, although not as a replacement for the lost local buses. Instead, they will cruise around the world heritage sites, limited to a walking speed of 5 km/hour and yielding to pedestrians. On Sept. 21, the "ultimate eco-car" was launched at the site, too. Three velotaxis (motorized tricycle taxis) with the capacity for two adults and one child were introduced. The driver also acts as a tour guide.
一方、排ガスを出さない電気バス導入計画も進んでいる。廃止路線のバス代わりではなく、歩行者優先の遺跡内を時速５キロ程度の歩く速さで遊覧する乗り物だ。遺跡内では２１日から「究極のエコカー」も登場した。大人２人と幼児１人が乗れる有料のベロタクシー（電動アシスト付き三輪自転車）３台で、運転手が観光ガイドも務める。
The decision of this small town in the Sanin area was heard throughout the nation. The aim for "coexistence of a world heritage site with the environment" has also been included in the residents' charter of Omori town: "Our residents have to live here every day of their lives. We are committed to serving the people and Iwami Ginzan. We dedicate ourselves to conserving our history, relics and nature for future generations."
山陰の片隅の小さな町が全国に発信する「環境と共生する世界遺産」への決意は、世界遺産登録後に大森町が定めた「住民憲章」にも表れている。「この町には暮らしがあります。私たちはこの町で暮らしながら、人とのきずなと石見銀山を未来に引き継ぎます。未来に向かって歴史と遺跡、そして自然を守ります」
Yukio Nishimura, a professor at Tokyo University specializing in city planning, cites an example from 1995 when another travel spot, Shirakawa-go in Gifu Prefecture, had to build a parking lot over paddy fields following a rapid increase in the number of tourists after its registration as a world heritage site. "I hope that Iwami Ginzan will study the 'good' of various areas while avoiding the 'bad,' and become a place where people from across the nation can visit and learn."
都市計画などが専門の西村幸夫・東京大教授は、岐阜県の白川郷が９５年の世界遺産登録後、観光客の急増で合掌造り集落の水田を駐車場に変えた例を引き、「石見銀山は各地のいいところを学び、悪いところはうまく避け、日本中から学びに来る場所になってほしい」と期待を寄せる。
毎日新聞 2008年9月22日 東京朝刊
Environmental challenges ahead for Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine world heritage site
石見銀山遺跡：世界遺産へ観光客押し寄せ、「環境との調和」仕切り直し
◇石見銀山の挑戦
Shimane -- In July 2007, Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in Oda, Shimane Prefecture, became the first Japanese industrial site to be registered as a world heritage site. It gained high appraisal during the World Heritage Committee investigation for its "coexistence with nature" and "harmony with the environment."
However, environmental problems subsequently arose due to an increase in the number of tourists to the area. In response, local residents have made the bold decision to abolish a local bus service, which has been a precious means of transportation for them.
From this autumn, the people of Oda will make a fresh start with an even greater respect for the environment.
日本初の産業遺跡として昨年７月、世界文化遺産に登録された石見銀山遺跡（島根県大田市）。世界遺産委員会の審査では「自然との共存」「環境との調和」が高い評価を受けた。だが、観光客の増加で、環境破壊という問題が浮上。住民は地域の足でもある路線バスの廃止を決断した。この秋、「環境」というキーワードに立ち返った仕切り直しが始まる。【大田通信部・船津健一】
◆観光客倍増
Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine is valued for three main features: The remains of the silver mine, the town itself, and the routes to the port. The core zone of the heritage area covers 442 hectares, encompassing the towns of Omori, Nima, and Yunotsu. The most popular site is Omori, where people can see the shaft of the silver mine and areas of the residential town that remain from the Edo period. Most tours planned by travel agencies focus on this town. An amazing 714,000 tourists visited the site in 2007 when it was registered as a world heritage site, almost double the number of the previous year. This year, the number of visitors reached 560,000 by the end of August, which is equivalent to a 1.7-fold increase on the previous year.
石見銀山遺跡を構成する要素は大きく三つ。銀鉱山跡、町並み、街道と港だ。大森町、仁摩（にま）町、温泉津（ゆのつ）町の市内３町に点在するそれらの総面積は約４４２ヘクタールになる。中でも、銀採掘坑道や江戸時代の区割りを伝える町並みが残る大森町には観光客が押し寄せる。旅行代理店のツアーもここに集中する。世界遺産に登録された０７年の観光客数は前年の２倍近い７１・４万人。今年は８月末で５６万人に迫り、前年同期比１・７倍と衰える気配がない。
The town of Omori is home to 390 people among 170 families. These people requested a "Park and Ride" system to Iwami Kotsu (headquarters in Masuda) last April to reduce the number of tourists' cars entering the town. People park their cars in a new free parking lot (with a capacity of 400 cars and 11 buses) 2.5 kilometers south of the area, and take a shuttle bus to the town. People are also discouraged from visiting the most popular site, the "Ryugenji Mabu (Mine Shaft)" at the foot of the mine by car. Instead, public buses (with a capacity 43 people) shuttle to and from the town area. Due to the increase in the number of tourists, the original nine round trips were increased to 18 roundtrips for weekdays and 35 for weekends and holidays. Along the narrow road where even passenger cars can barely pass, residents and visitors alike are suffering from exhaust fumes from the buses.
大森の町並み地区は、１７０世帯３９０人が暮らす「生活の場」でもある。観光車両の流入を防ぐため、市は昨年４月末、石見交通（本社・益田市）に要請して「パーク＆ライド」を始めた。同地区の２・５キロ南に新設した無料駐車場（乗用車４００台、観光バス１１台）に車を置き、同社の路線バスに乗り換えて町へ入ってもらう仕組みだ。一方、銀鉱山のふもとにある一番人気の「龍源寺間歩（まぶ）」（坑道）へも一般車両は乗り入れ禁止とし、町並み地区から路線バス（４３人乗り）を使ってもらうことになった。
従来は９往復だったダイヤを平日１８往復、土日祝日は３５往復と大幅に増便。普通車でもすれ違うのがやっとの市道で、住民も観光客も追い越していくバスの排ガスを浴び、顔をしかめた。
◆混雑、混乱
During the autumn tourist season, people flood into the town. "Weekday overcrowding turns into weekend chaos," sighs a community association official.
Although it is only 30 minutes on foot from the town to the mine shaft, many tourists choose to wait for the bus. Many full buses go by until we can get on," the official added.
秋の行楽シーズンには観光客が殺到。「平日は混雑、土日は混乱」（自治会役員）という状態になった。町並み地区から坑道へは徒歩でも３０分程度だが、観光客の多くはバスを利用する。「何台待ってもバスに乗れない」。
Responding to the complaints, the bus company has increased the service, resulting in nearly 100 shuttles on weekdays. The buses are always overcrowded and the residents can't use them. Moreover, the residents have to put up with exhaust fumes, noise, vibrations, etc.
"It's not a local bus anymore -- it's turned into a tourist bus," complains the official.
It didn't take long before the residents called for action.
苦情に応えて臨時便を増やしたため、多い日には平日でも１００台近くがピストン運行した。
いつも満員のバスには住民も乗れない。「もはや路線バスじゃない。 観光バスだ」。加えて排ガス、騒音、振動。住民が悲鳴を上げるまで時間はかからなかった。
In December last year, Omori Community Council decided to petition the city of Oda to abolish the running of the local bus.
どうすればいいか。町民集会を重ねた末、大森町自治会協議会は昨年１２月、路線バスの廃止を大田市に陳情した。
One week after the petition, a 110 cm by 50 cm rock weighing 80 kg rolled down the slope alongside the bus route, right in front of the mine shaft. It was midnight, and luckily no one was injured, but the falling rock was exactly what the petitioners had predicted might occur as a result of the vibrations from the buses. An investigation confirmed that work to prevent falling rocks would take about two years to complete, which added pressure to do away with the local bus.
その１週間後、坑道の手前のバス道に面した斜面から全長１１０センチ、幅５０センチ、重さ約８０キロの岩が落ちる落石事故が発生。深夜の発生でけが人はなかったが、陳情書が指摘した「バスの振動による落石」が現実になった。市は現場付近を通行止めとし、路線バスは手前の停留所で折り返すことになった。調査の結果、落石防止の工事に約２年かかることも判明。これが路線バス廃止へ向けた動きを後押しした。
◆「歩く」観光へ
So it was decided that the local bus service that shuttles people between the mine shaft and the town would be abolished. Although there were pros and cons to the decision, one resident stated flatly, "If we get rid of the buses, tourists and physically challenged people may be (negatively) affected. Still, we residents live here all our lives. We can't live with such anxiety."
市と石見交通は来月１日から、坑道と町並みを往復していた路線バスを全廃する。決定までには賛否両論あったが、ある住民は集会でこう言い切った。「バスを廃止すれば、観光客が減ったり障害者に迷惑をかける。でも住人は死ぬまでそこに住み続ける。不安を抱えながら過ごすことはできません」
On the second autumn after its registration as a world heritage site, Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine will switch its policy to promoting sightseeing on foot. It has plans to introduce two hybrid buses that use both electric motors and conventional combustion engines along the "Park and Ride" routes from next fiscal year.
登録から２度目の秋を迎えた石見銀山は「歩く観光」にかじを切る。来年度からは、パーク＆ライド路線にモーターとエンジンを併用する「ハイブリッドバス」２台を導入する計画もある。
There are also plans to introduce emission-free electric buses, although not as a replacement for the lost local buses. Instead, they will cruise around the world heritage sites, limited to a walking speed of 5 km/hour and yielding to pedestrians. On Sept. 21, the "ultimate eco-car" was launched at the site, too. Three velotaxis (motorized tricycle taxis) with the capacity for two adults and one child were introduced. The driver also acts as a tour guide.
一方、排ガスを出さない電気バス導入計画も進んでいる。廃止路線のバス代わりではなく、歩行者優先の遺跡内を時速５キロ程度の歩く速さで遊覧する乗り物だ。遺跡内では２１日から「究極のエコカー」も登場した。大人２人と幼児１人が乗れる有料のベロタクシー（電動アシスト付き三輪自転車）３台で、運転手が観光ガイドも務める。
The decision of this small town in the Sanin area was heard throughout the nation. The aim for "coexistence of a world heritage site with the environment" has also been included in the residents' charter of Omori town: "Our residents have to live here every day of their lives. We are committed to serving the people and Iwami Ginzan. We dedicate ourselves to conserving our history, relics and nature for future generations."
山陰の片隅の小さな町が全国に発信する「環境と共生する世界遺産」への決意は、世界遺産登録後に大森町が定めた「住民憲章」にも表れている。「この町には暮らしがあります。私たちはこの町で暮らしながら、人とのきずなと石見銀山を未来に引き継ぎます。未来に向かって歴史と遺跡、そして自然を守ります」
Yukio Nishimura, a professor at Tokyo University specializing in city planning, cites an example from 1995 when another travel spot, Shirakawa-go in Gifu Prefecture, had to build a parking lot over paddy fields following a rapid increase in the number of tourists after its registration as a world heritage site. "I hope that Iwami Ginzan will study the 'good' of various areas while avoiding the 'bad,' and become a place where people from across the nation can visit and learn."
都市計画などが専門の西村幸夫・東京大教授は、岐阜県の白川郷が９５年の世界遺産登録後、観光客の急増で合掌造り集落の水田を駐車場に変えた例を引き、「石見銀山は各地のいいところを学び、悪いところはうまく避け、日本中から学びに来る場所になってほしい」と期待を寄せる。
毎日新聞 2008年9月22日 東京朝刊
(Mainichi Japan) September 23, 2008
Regulator tip-offs defeat purpose of safety inspections
発信箱：何も変わらない＝玉木研二
Some baffling facts are emerging over how the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries conducts its inspections -- specifically, giving companies warning in advance.
汚染米問題は農水省の不可解な検査実態を露呈した。
Giving advance warning of inspections is like a pitcher warning a runner on base that he's going to throw a pickoff. He has no chance of getting the runner out; no, it's as if the pitcher doesn't even want to get him out.
予告するとは、野球なら「投げるぞう」と塁上走者に知らせてけん制球を投げるのと同じ。刺せるわけがない、いや、ハナから刺す気がない。
Think back 40 years. In the Kanemi-oil PCB poisoning scandal, where polychlorinated biphenyls were mixed in with rice bran oil, there were vast numbers of chickens dying on poultry farms months before reports of humans falling ill.
ちょうど４０年前。ＰＣＢ（ポリ塩化ビフェニール）使用の熱媒体が製造工程の米ぬか油に混入したカネミ油症事件は、人体被害が広がる数カ月前、養鶏の大量死を起こした。
When it was discovered that cooking oil used to create their feed was the cause, the ministry went down to their factory in Kitakyushu to perform an inspection, since animal feed is part of their jurisdiction. But after the operator told them the oil was "OK," they simply left it at that.
食用工程から派生した油が用いられたエサが原因と分かり、飼料を所管する当時の農林省が北九州の工場に立ち入り検査していた。だが、食用油の方は「大丈夫」という業者の説明でそのままにした。
If, at the time, the Farm Ministry had contacted the then-Ministry of Health and Welfare, which was in charge of food hygiene, asked it to have a look -- just to be on the safe side -- the contamination could have been confirmed, and the damage to humans limited. However, they say that they were just staying within their jurisdiction.
もしその時、農林省が自ら踏み込まずとも食品衛生を所管する厚生省（当時）に「念のため調べるべきだ」と速やかに連絡し、省を超えて徹底調査をしていたら、食用油の汚染も判明し、人体被害は相当回避できたはずだ。ところが、彼らは「所管」と「権限」の中で忠実に職務を果たしたというのである。
In Akira Kurosawa's "Ikiru," the protagonist is a local bureaucrat hopelessly dedicated to his job yet stricken with an incurable disease. Making a fresh start, he vows to "stand first for the people, and go the extra mile as a bureaucrat, working beyond his jurisdiction."
黒沢明監督の映画「生きる」は、ひたすら無遅刻無欠勤を守るだけの無気力な市役所課長が主人公だ。不治の病が彼を「市民のため先頭に立ち、縄張りを超えて働く役人」に生まれ変わらせる。だが、現実の役人世界が生まれ変わることは相当難儀らしい。
At his funeral, his boss remarks smugly: "That's the kind of thing someone who knows nothing about local government would say." His fellow desk jockeys nod their assent.
「そんなこと言ったって、キミ、それは役所の機構を知らない素人の言うことであってね」。映画の葬式のシーン。市役所の幹部がしたり顔で言い、周囲がうなずく。
The film was made in 1952. So much time has passed, yet the reality has not lost its color, because nothing much has changed. (Column by Kenji Tamaki, Expert Senior Writer, Mainichi Shimbun Editorial Board)
１９５２年の作品。リアリティーが色あせないのはこれほど長い時が流れても何も変わっていないということだ。（論説室）
毎日新聞 2008年9月23日 2時32分
Regulator tip-offs defeat purpose of safety inspections
発信箱：何も変わらない＝玉木研二
Some baffling facts are emerging over how the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries conducts its inspections -- specifically, giving companies warning in advance.
汚染米問題は農水省の不可解な検査実態を露呈した。
Giving advance warning of inspections is like a pitcher warning a runner on base that he's going to throw a pickoff. He has no chance of getting the runner out; no, it's as if the pitcher doesn't even want to get him out.
予告するとは、野球なら「投げるぞう」と塁上走者に知らせてけん制球を投げるのと同じ。刺せるわけがない、いや、ハナから刺す気がない。
Think back 40 years. In the Kanemi-oil PCB poisoning scandal, where polychlorinated biphenyls were mixed in with rice bran oil, there were vast numbers of chickens dying on poultry farms months before reports of humans falling ill.
ちょうど４０年前。ＰＣＢ（ポリ塩化ビフェニール）使用の熱媒体が製造工程の米ぬか油に混入したカネミ油症事件は、人体被害が広がる数カ月前、養鶏の大量死を起こした。
When it was discovered that cooking oil used to create their feed was the cause, the ministry went down to their factory in Kitakyushu to perform an inspection, since animal feed is part of their jurisdiction. But after the operator told them the oil was "OK," they simply left it at that.
食用工程から派生した油が用いられたエサが原因と分かり、飼料を所管する当時の農林省が北九州の工場に立ち入り検査していた。だが、食用油の方は「大丈夫」という業者の説明でそのままにした。
If, at the time, the Farm Ministry had contacted the then-Ministry of Health and Welfare, which was in charge of food hygiene, asked it to have a look -- just to be on the safe side -- the contamination could have been confirmed, and the damage to humans limited. However, they say that they were just staying within their jurisdiction.
もしその時、農林省が自ら踏み込まずとも食品衛生を所管する厚生省（当時）に「念のため調べるべきだ」と速やかに連絡し、省を超えて徹底調査をしていたら、食用油の汚染も判明し、人体被害は相当回避できたはずだ。ところが、彼らは「所管」と「権限」の中で忠実に職務を果たしたというのである。
In Akira Kurosawa's "Ikiru," the protagonist is a local bureaucrat hopelessly dedicated to his job yet stricken with an incurable disease. Making a fresh start, he vows to "stand first for the people, and go the extra mile as a bureaucrat, working beyond his jurisdiction."
黒沢明監督の映画「生きる」は、ひたすら無遅刻無欠勤を守るだけの無気力な市役所課長が主人公だ。不治の病が彼を「市民のため先頭に立ち、縄張りを超えて働く役人」に生まれ変わらせる。だが、現実の役人世界が生まれ変わることは相当難儀らしい。
At his funeral, his boss remarks smugly: "That's the kind of thing someone who knows nothing about local government would say." His fellow desk jockeys nod their assent.
「そんなこと言ったって、キミ、それは役所の機構を知らない素人の言うことであってね」。映画の葬式のシーン。市役所の幹部がしたり顔で言い、周囲がうなずく。
The film was made in 1952. So much time has passed, yet the reality has not lost its color, because nothing much has changed. (Column by Kenji Tamaki, Expert Senior Writer, Mainichi Shimbun Editorial Board)
１９５２年の作品。リアリティーが色あせないのはこれほど長い時が流れても何も変わっていないということだ。（論説室）
毎日新聞 2008年9月23日 2時32分
(Mainichi Japan) September 20, 2008
Financial crisis (Pt. 3): No end to the worst crisis since WWII
金融崩壊：リーマン・ショック／下 戦後最悪の危機続く
"It's like a blood clot in a hopelessly tangled blood vessel." Following the Lehman Brothers collapse, the short-term interest rate for dollars traded between banks shot up more than 10 percent for some financial institutions. One U.K. bank stated that some banks may collapse due to a lack of liquidity, with no end in sight for the worst financial crisis since WWII, and the Sept. 18 announcement by major central banks in Japan, America, and Europe indicated that they would cooperate in supplying significant dollar funding to short-term money markets in an attempt to alleviate anxiety.
「血栓ができて血流が根詰まりしたみたいだ」。米大手証券リーマン・ブラザーズの経営破綻（はたん）後、銀行間で融通し合うドルの短期金利が突然、一部の金融機関向けで１０％以上に急上昇した。「流動性不足で破綻する銀行が出かねない」（英系銀行）戦後最悪の危機的状況が続く。日米欧の主要中央銀行が１８日夕、協調して短期金融市場に大量のドル資金を供給すると発表したのはこの不安を解消するのが狙いだった。
But confusion caused by the Lehman Brothers collapse continues. According to a major securities company, the decision on Sept. 16 to provide public support to AIG, a major American insurance corporation, raised hopes that the worst had passed. However, stock markets in New York were universally down on Sept. 17. Markets in Tokyo and Asia fell on Sept. 18, increasing the general anxiety.
リーマン破綻に端を発した混乱が止まらない。米保険最大手ＡＩＧへの公的支援が１６日に決まり「最悪期を脱する」（大手証券）との期待が高まったが、１７日のニューヨーク株式市場は全面安。１８日の東京株式市場をはじめアジアの株式市場も下落、不安が増幅した。
The markets are voicing increasing dissatisfaction with financial authorities. According to a Japanese bank analyst, "there is absolutely no sense that they have a desire or strategy to actively strengthen their involvement in reducing credit instability." There is also a strong distrust of American financial authorities, that in a span of just two days flip-flopped on their policy for public support.
「積極的に関与を強めて信用不安を解消していこうという意欲や戦略が全く感じられない」（邦銀アナリスト）。市場では金融当局への不満が募る。わずか２日間で公的支援の方針を転換した米金融当局への不信が強い。
U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson hasn't made a public appearance since the Sept. 16 decision to prop up AIG. Facing criticism, White House press secretary Dana Perino uncomfortably commented on Sept. 17 that the "Treasury Secretary is working hard," but didn't touch on what the market really wants to know; specifically, the standards for providing public support.
だが、１６日のＡＩＧへの公的支援決定後、ポールソン米財務長官は公の場に姿を見せない。矢面に立たされたホワイトハウスのペリーノ大統領報道官は１７日、「財務長官が努力している」と苦しい対応に追われたが、市場が知りたい「公的支援実施の基準」には歯切れが悪いままだった。
The fearful and suspicious market also turned on major U.S. securities firms -- firms that were supposed to be stable. On Sept. 17, shares of Morgan Stanley, the second largest securities firm in the U.S., temporarily dropped 44 percent in the New York market, forcing them to pursue mergers with multiple financial institutions.
疑心暗鬼に陥った市場は、経営に不安がないはずの米証券大手にも襲いかかる。１７日のニューヨーク市場で米証券２位のモルガン・スタンレーの株価は一時、４４％下落。同社は、複数の金融機関に合併を打診する事態に追い込まれた。
Investors are pulling their money out of the stock market and putting it into gold and U.S. bonds, regarded as the safer bet. During trading on Sept. 17 the price of gold jumped 70 dollars, its greatest increase ever, and the interest on three-month U.S. bonds dropped to 0.03 percent, the lowest level since WWII.
投資家は、株式市場から資金を引き揚げ、「最も安全な資産」と呼ばれる金市場や米国債市場へと向かう。金の価格は１７日の取引で史上最大となる７０ドルの上げ幅を記録、米国債３カ月物の金利は、戦後最低水準となる０・０３％となった。
The financial market upheaval has also affected the economies of developing nations, which have been supporting global growth.
金融市場の混乱は、世界の成長を支えてきた新興国の経済運営にも影響を与えた。
On Sept. 15, the People's Bank of China discarded its inflation control policy, lowering interest rates for the first time in six years and seven months, a shocking reduction in the interest rate that followed less than half a day after the announcement of the Lehman Brothers collapse.
中国人民銀行は１５日、インフレ抑制という政策目標を投げ捨て、６年７カ月ぶりの利下げに踏み切った。リーマンの破綻発表から半日もたたない電撃的な利下げだった。
"Vice Premier Wang Qishan, head of Chinese financial affairs, was in Los Angeles for Cabinet-level talks between the U.S. and China on Sept. 15. After seeing the impact of the Lehman Brothers collapse first-hand, he probably bypassed People's Bank of China President Zhou Xiaochan to directly convince Premier Wen Jiabao," speculates one financial insider.
「その日は金融担当の王岐山副首相が米中経済閣僚会議でロサンゼルスに滞在中だった。現地でリーマン破綻の影響の大きさを実感し、周小川・人民銀総裁の頭越しに温家宝首相を説得したのではないか」と金融関係者は推測する。
Regardless, stock markets continued to drop after this rate reduction, with dark clouds starting to color Chinese economic trends that had been universally optimistic following the end of the Beijing Olympics.
だが、その後も株式市場は下落が続き、楽観論一色だった北京五輪後の中国経済動向には暗雲が垂れこめた。
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) tentatively estimates that losses from subprime loans "will reach 1.1 trillion dollars (115 trillion yen) worldwide," and IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn warned that the financial crisis may worsen.
"The consequences for some financial institutions are still in front of us. We expect that in the coming weeks or months there will be more financial institutions that will have problems."
国際通貨基金（ＩＭＦ）は、サブプライムローンの損失額は「全世界で１兆１０００億ドル（１１５兆円）に達する」と試算する。ストロスカーン専務理事は、１７日、サウジアラビアのジッダで「一部の金融機関への影響はこれから明らかになる。今後、数週間、あるいは数カ月で問題が浮上する可能性がある」と述べ、金融危機がさらに深まる可能性を警告した。
毎日新聞 2008年9月19日 東京朝刊
Financial crisis (Pt. 3): No end to the worst crisis since WWII
金融崩壊：リーマン・ショック／下 戦後最悪の危機続く
"It's like a blood clot in a hopelessly tangled blood vessel." Following the Lehman Brothers collapse, the short-term interest rate for dollars traded between banks shot up more than 10 percent for some financial institutions. One U.K. bank stated that some banks may collapse due to a lack of liquidity, with no end in sight for the worst financial crisis since WWII, and the Sept. 18 announcement by major central banks in Japan, America, and Europe indicated that they would cooperate in supplying significant dollar funding to short-term money markets in an attempt to alleviate anxiety.
「血栓ができて血流が根詰まりしたみたいだ」。米大手証券リーマン・ブラザーズの経営破綻（はたん）後、銀行間で融通し合うドルの短期金利が突然、一部の金融機関向けで１０％以上に急上昇した。「流動性不足で破綻する銀行が出かねない」（英系銀行）戦後最悪の危機的状況が続く。日米欧の主要中央銀行が１８日夕、協調して短期金融市場に大量のドル資金を供給すると発表したのはこの不安を解消するのが狙いだった。
But confusion caused by the Lehman Brothers collapse continues. According to a major securities company, the decision on Sept. 16 to provide public support to AIG, a major American insurance corporation, raised hopes that the worst had passed. However, stock markets in New York were universally down on Sept. 17. Markets in Tokyo and Asia fell on Sept. 18, increasing the general anxiety.
リーマン破綻に端を発した混乱が止まらない。米保険最大手ＡＩＧへの公的支援が１６日に決まり「最悪期を脱する」（大手証券）との期待が高まったが、１７日のニューヨーク株式市場は全面安。１８日の東京株式市場をはじめアジアの株式市場も下落、不安が増幅した。
The markets are voicing increasing dissatisfaction with financial authorities. According to a Japanese bank analyst, "there is absolutely no sense that they have a desire or strategy to actively strengthen their involvement in reducing credit instability." There is also a strong distrust of American financial authorities, that in a span of just two days flip-flopped on their policy for public support.
「積極的に関与を強めて信用不安を解消していこうという意欲や戦略が全く感じられない」（邦銀アナリスト）。市場では金融当局への不満が募る。わずか２日間で公的支援の方針を転換した米金融当局への不信が強い。
U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson hasn't made a public appearance since the Sept. 16 decision to prop up AIG. Facing criticism, White House press secretary Dana Perino uncomfortably commented on Sept. 17 that the "Treasury Secretary is working hard," but didn't touch on what the market really wants to know; specifically, the standards for providing public support.
だが、１６日のＡＩＧへの公的支援決定後、ポールソン米財務長官は公の場に姿を見せない。矢面に立たされたホワイトハウスのペリーノ大統領報道官は１７日、「財務長官が努力している」と苦しい対応に追われたが、市場が知りたい「公的支援実施の基準」には歯切れが悪いままだった。
The fearful and suspicious market also turned on major U.S. securities firms -- firms that were supposed to be stable. On Sept. 17, shares of Morgan Stanley, the second largest securities firm in the U.S., temporarily dropped 44 percent in the New York market, forcing them to pursue mergers with multiple financial institutions.
疑心暗鬼に陥った市場は、経営に不安がないはずの米証券大手にも襲いかかる。１７日のニューヨーク市場で米証券２位のモルガン・スタンレーの株価は一時、４４％下落。同社は、複数の金融機関に合併を打診する事態に追い込まれた。
Investors are pulling their money out of the stock market and putting it into gold and U.S. bonds, regarded as the safer bet. During trading on Sept. 17 the price of gold jumped 70 dollars, its greatest increase ever, and the interest on three-month U.S. bonds dropped to 0.03 percent, the lowest level since WWII.
投資家は、株式市場から資金を引き揚げ、「最も安全な資産」と呼ばれる金市場や米国債市場へと向かう。金の価格は１７日の取引で史上最大となる７０ドルの上げ幅を記録、米国債３カ月物の金利は、戦後最低水準となる０・０３％となった。
The financial market upheaval has also affected the economies of developing nations, which have been supporting global growth.
金融市場の混乱は、世界の成長を支えてきた新興国の経済運営にも影響を与えた。
On Sept. 15, the People's Bank of China discarded its inflation control policy, lowering interest rates for the first time in six years and seven months, a shocking reduction in the interest rate that followed less than half a day after the announcement of the Lehman Brothers collapse.
中国人民銀行は１５日、インフレ抑制という政策目標を投げ捨て、６年７カ月ぶりの利下げに踏み切った。リーマンの破綻発表から半日もたたない電撃的な利下げだった。
"Vice Premier Wang Qishan, head of Chinese financial affairs, was in Los Angeles for Cabinet-level talks between the U.S. and China on Sept. 15. After seeing the impact of the Lehman Brothers collapse first-hand, he probably bypassed People's Bank of China President Zhou Xiaochan to directly convince Premier Wen Jiabao," speculates one financial insider.
「その日は金融担当の王岐山副首相が米中経済閣僚会議でロサンゼルスに滞在中だった。現地でリーマン破綻の影響の大きさを実感し、周小川・人民銀総裁の頭越しに温家宝首相を説得したのではないか」と金融関係者は推測する。
Regardless, stock markets continued to drop after this rate reduction, with dark clouds starting to color Chinese economic trends that had been universally optimistic following the end of the Beijing Olympics.
だが、その後も株式市場は下落が続き、楽観論一色だった北京五輪後の中国経済動向には暗雲が垂れこめた。
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) tentatively estimates that losses from subprime loans "will reach 1.1 trillion dollars (115 trillion yen) worldwide," and IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn warned that the financial crisis may worsen.
"The consequences for some financial institutions are still in front of us. We expect that in the coming weeks or months there will be more financial institutions that will have problems."
国際通貨基金（ＩＭＦ）は、サブプライムローンの損失額は「全世界で１兆１０００億ドル（１１５兆円）に達する」と試算する。ストロスカーン専務理事は、１７日、サウジアラビアのジッダで「一部の金融機関への影響はこれから明らかになる。今後、数週間、あるいは数カ月で問題が浮上する可能性がある」と述べ、金融危機がさらに深まる可能性を警告した。
毎日新聞 2008年9月19日 東京朝刊
(Mainichi Japan) September 21, 2008
Unusual all-red dragonfly found at Tokyo museum
トンボ：体も羽も赤いトンボ 都内２例目、ビオトープで見つかる－－北区 ／東京
The red dragonfly, Sept. 19, 2008.The Kita-ku Fureai Insect Information Center made an unusual find in its biotope: an all-red dragonfly, only the second one ever found in the metropolitan area, and which has been tentatively identified as a red grasshawk dragonfly.
北区立自然ふれあい情報館（同区十条仲原４）のビオトープで、体と羽が赤いトンボが見つかった。専門家は東南アジアに生息するフチドリベッコウトンボではないかと見ている。都内で確認されるのは２例目で、前回は０５年９月、同区赤羽付近で目撃されている。
Museum staff first found the dragonfly on Sept. 3 and managed to take a photo, but it flew off before they could capture it.
同区によると、今月３日、自然ふれあい情報館のスタッフがビオトープ内のコガマの葉にとまっているところを見つけた。写真は撮ったが、捕獲できなかった。
The photo was sent to an expert on south-east Asian dragonflies, asking him to identify it, but without a live specimen a positive identification couldn't be made.
同館が東南アジアのトンボを研究している専門家に写真を送り、トンボの種類を確定してもらえるよう依頼。しかし標本がないため、種類の確定にはいたっていないという。
According to the expert, the dragonfly could have been swept up by a low pressure air system, accidently imported along with some water plants, or brought in to the country for breeding purposes and escaped.
専門家は「低気圧に乗って運ばれたか、輸入された水草に付着したものがふ化したか、飼育用など故意に持ち込まれたものが逃げ出したことが考えられる」と説明している。【吉永磨美】
毎日新聞 2008年9月20日 地方版
Unusual all-red dragonfly found at Tokyo museum
トンボ：体も羽も赤いトンボ 都内２例目、ビオトープで見つかる－－北区 ／東京
The red dragonfly, Sept. 19, 2008.The Kita-ku Fureai Insect Information Center made an unusual find in its biotope: an all-red dragonfly, only the second one ever found in the metropolitan area, and which has been tentatively identified as a red grasshawk dragonfly.
北区立自然ふれあい情報館（同区十条仲原４）のビオトープで、体と羽が赤いトンボが見つかった。専門家は東南アジアに生息するフチドリベッコウトンボではないかと見ている。都内で確認されるのは２例目で、前回は０５年９月、同区赤羽付近で目撃されている。
Museum staff first found the dragonfly on Sept. 3 and managed to take a photo, but it flew off before they could capture it.
同区によると、今月３日、自然ふれあい情報館のスタッフがビオトープ内のコガマの葉にとまっているところを見つけた。写真は撮ったが、捕獲できなかった。
The photo was sent to an expert on south-east Asian dragonflies, asking him to identify it, but without a live specimen a positive identification couldn't be made.
同館が東南アジアのトンボを研究している専門家に写真を送り、トンボの種類を確定してもらえるよう依頼。しかし標本がないため、種類の確定にはいたっていないという。
According to the expert, the dragonfly could have been swept up by a low pressure air system, accidently imported along with some water plants, or brought in to the country for breeding purposes and escaped.
専門家は「低気圧に乗って運ばれたか、輸入された水草に付着したものがふ化したか、飼育用など故意に持ち込まれたものが逃げ出したことが考えられる」と説明している。【吉永磨美】
毎日新聞 2008年9月20日 地方版
(Mainichi Japan) September 19, 2008
Japan needs to rethink emergency economic measures in wake of U.S. financial crisis
社説：米国発金融危機 日本は緊急施策の見直しを
The U.S. financial crisis, which has triggered the collapse of major financial institutions and prompted government bailouts, will have harmful consequences for the Japanese economy.
大手金融機関が経営破綻（はたん）や政府による救済にまで立ち至った米国の金融危機は、日本経済にも悪影響を及ぼす。
Japan's real GDP shrank in the second quarter (April to June) at an annualized rate of 3 percent compared with the previous quarter, and there are no signs that a recovery is underway in the third quarter, which ends on Sep. 30. If the financial crisis sends the U.S. economy into a deep recession, not only will Japan's exports fall off but also private-sector facilities investment will dry up. And if corporate performance deteriorates, workers' wages will stagnate, and personal consumption will decline.
今年４～６月期の実質成長率は前期比、年率でマイナス３％だった。７～９月期も立ち直りの兆候は出ていない。米国経済が金融危機の影響でより不況色が強まれば、日本は輸出の減少のみならず、海外需要を当てにしてきた民間設備投資の停滞も深くなる。企業業績が悪化すれば勤労者の賃金も伸び悩み、個人消費も抑えられる。
While these developments could set off a global depression, the Liberal Democratic Party, which is in the midst of a presidential election, and politicians on the whole have been oblivious to them.
ところが、総裁選中の自民党のみならず、政治全体が、世界同時不況をも招きかねない事態への感度が鈍いと言わざるを得ない。
On Wednesday, the government convened an economic and fiscal consultative meeting, the first such meeting since it adopted a comprehensive economic stimulus package on Aug. 29. The intent of the economic stimulus package is to jumpstart the Japanese economy, which is facing a global downturn triggered by the U.S. subprime crisis and high oil prices. The most urgent measures in the package are supposed to be implemented right away.
政府は１７日、経済財政諮問会議を開いた。「緊急総合対策」を決定した先月２９日以来だ。総合対策は米国のサブプライム問題に端を発した世界的な成長鈍化や原油高に直面している日本経済へのテコ入れ策だ。緊急を要する施策は直ちに実行するとされている。
But during the three weeks that have passed since the end of last month, the global economy has been jarred by upheaval. Hence, the implications of recent developments for the Japanese economy have also changed. The recent upheaval notwithstanding, Japan's politicians have yet to muster a response. And Wednesday's economic and fiscal consultative meeting did not go beyond analyzing the current situation.
先月末からの約３週間、世界経済は激動した。日本経済への影響も、違ってきたはずだ。それにもかかわらず、政治は動かなかった。１７日の会議も情勢分析段階にとどまった。
The more urgent the policy, the greater the caution that will need to be exercised to implement measures to carry it out. At one time, the price of oil had soared to 140 dollars a barrel, but has since fallen to 90 dollars a barrel. It is only natural, then, that the measures in the emergency stimulus package that address high oil prices be given a second look.
緊急性の高い対策であればあるほど、講ずべき施策の内容は異なってくる。一時、１バレル＝１４０ドル水準まで高騰した原油価格は、反落し９０ドル程度になっている。総合対策の原油高騰への緊急対策は、内容を見直すのが当然だ。
If the U.S. financial crisis grows more severe, Japanese financial institutions may be compelled to screen borrowers more strictly and be more apt to restrict lending. But small and medium-sized firms would bear the brunt of such changes. That is why measures that aim to give a shot in the arm to the finance sector or to prevent cutbacks in lending will become even more important.
米国の金融危機が深刻化すれば、日本の金融機関も連想で、厳密な審査など、貸し出しを絞る行動に出やすい。そのあおりを受けるのが中小・零細企業である。そこで、金融の円滑化や貸し渋り対策は一段と重要になる。
Furthermore, if exports languish for a long period of time, and the value of the yen continues to climb in foreign exchange markets, companies will try to restore their competitiveness by squeezing their subcontractors to extract lower prices from them. The government will then have to respond by beefing up its measures to protect subcontractors.
また、輸出の低迷長期化や外国為替市場で円高が進めば、元請け企業は競争力回復のため下請け代金の切り下げなどに走りがちだ。下請け企業へのしわ寄せである。こうしたことへの対応として、下請け事業者保護対策は強化しなければならない。
Though a political vacuum exists today, any attempt by the current administration to slack off and postpone economic management and policy decisions will not be tolerated. As has been the case in the U.S. financial crisis, conditions in Japan can change drastically in a flash. Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda's Cabinet must shoulder the responsibility of managing the economy until the next prime minister is designated in the extraordinary Diet session. Since the government has already adopted a stimulus package, it must, while assessing events as they unfold, conduct a review of its emergency economic measures and seek to give them concrete shape.
政治空白と言われる状況にせよ、時の政権が経済運営や政策判断を怠ることや後回しにすることは許されない。米国の金融危機のように短期間に状況は激変する。福田康夫内閣は臨時国会で次期首相指名が行われるまで、経済運営を担わなければならない。総合対策を決定した以上は、事態の進行を見定めつつ、緊急実行施策は見直しも行い、具体化しなければならない。
It is still not clear when the supplementary budget to fund additional fiscal measures will be compiled and deliberated in the Diet. Though the general elections are looming, it is absurd that the LDP has still not determined its own policy on this issue.
追加予算措置が必要な施策のための補正予算をいつ編成し、国会審議はどうするのかも明らかでない。総選挙の時期と絡んでいるにしろ、自民党の方針が定まっていないのはおかしい。
Since the global economy is changing from moment to moment, the proper way to manage the Japanese economy would be to assess new developments accurately and then devise the necessary remedies.
世界経済は刻々と変化している。それを的確にとらえ、必要な施策を講ずるのが正常な経済運営の姿だ。
毎日新聞 2008年9月18日 0時19分
Japan needs to rethink emergency economic measures in wake of U.S. financial crisis
社説：米国発金融危機 日本は緊急施策の見直しを
The U.S. financial crisis, which has triggered the collapse of major financial institutions and prompted government bailouts, will have harmful consequences for the Japanese economy.
大手金融機関が経営破綻（はたん）や政府による救済にまで立ち至った米国の金融危機は、日本経済にも悪影響を及ぼす。
Japan's real GDP shrank in the second quarter (April to June) at an annualized rate of 3 percent compared with the previous quarter, and there are no signs that a recovery is underway in the third quarter, which ends on Sep. 30. If the financial crisis sends the U.S. economy into a deep recession, not only will Japan's exports fall off but also private-sector facilities investment will dry up. And if corporate performance deteriorates, workers' wages will stagnate, and personal consumption will decline.
今年４～６月期の実質成長率は前期比、年率でマイナス３％だった。７～９月期も立ち直りの兆候は出ていない。米国経済が金融危機の影響でより不況色が強まれば、日本は輸出の減少のみならず、海外需要を当てにしてきた民間設備投資の停滞も深くなる。企業業績が悪化すれば勤労者の賃金も伸び悩み、個人消費も抑えられる。
While these developments could set off a global depression, the Liberal Democratic Party, which is in the midst of a presidential election, and politicians on the whole have been oblivious to them.
ところが、総裁選中の自民党のみならず、政治全体が、世界同時不況をも招きかねない事態への感度が鈍いと言わざるを得ない。
On Wednesday, the government convened an economic and fiscal consultative meeting, the first such meeting since it adopted a comprehensive economic stimulus package on Aug. 29. The intent of the economic stimulus package is to jumpstart the Japanese economy, which is facing a global downturn triggered by the U.S. subprime crisis and high oil prices. The most urgent measures in the package are supposed to be implemented right away.
政府は１７日、経済財政諮問会議を開いた。「緊急総合対策」を決定した先月２９日以来だ。総合対策は米国のサブプライム問題に端を発した世界的な成長鈍化や原油高に直面している日本経済へのテコ入れ策だ。緊急を要する施策は直ちに実行するとされている。
But during the three weeks that have passed since the end of last month, the global economy has been jarred by upheaval. Hence, the implications of recent developments for the Japanese economy have also changed. The recent upheaval notwithstanding, Japan's politicians have yet to muster a response. And Wednesday's economic and fiscal consultative meeting did not go beyond analyzing the current situation.
先月末からの約３週間、世界経済は激動した。日本経済への影響も、違ってきたはずだ。それにもかかわらず、政治は動かなかった。１７日の会議も情勢分析段階にとどまった。
The more urgent the policy, the greater the caution that will need to be exercised to implement measures to carry it out. At one time, the price of oil had soared to 140 dollars a barrel, but has since fallen to 90 dollars a barrel. It is only natural, then, that the measures in the emergency stimulus package that address high oil prices be given a second look.
緊急性の高い対策であればあるほど、講ずべき施策の内容は異なってくる。一時、１バレル＝１４０ドル水準まで高騰した原油価格は、反落し９０ドル程度になっている。総合対策の原油高騰への緊急対策は、内容を見直すのが当然だ。
If the U.S. financial crisis grows more severe, Japanese financial institutions may be compelled to screen borrowers more strictly and be more apt to restrict lending. But small and medium-sized firms would bear the brunt of such changes. That is why measures that aim to give a shot in the arm to the finance sector or to prevent cutbacks in lending will become even more important.
米国の金融危機が深刻化すれば、日本の金融機関も連想で、厳密な審査など、貸し出しを絞る行動に出やすい。そのあおりを受けるのが中小・零細企業である。そこで、金融の円滑化や貸し渋り対策は一段と重要になる。
Furthermore, if exports languish for a long period of time, and the value of the yen continues to climb in foreign exchange markets, companies will try to restore their competitiveness by squeezing their subcontractors to extract lower prices from them. The government will then have to respond by beefing up its measures to protect subcontractors.
また、輸出の低迷長期化や外国為替市場で円高が進めば、元請け企業は競争力回復のため下請け代金の切り下げなどに走りがちだ。下請け企業へのしわ寄せである。こうしたことへの対応として、下請け事業者保護対策は強化しなければならない。
Though a political vacuum exists today, any attempt by the current administration to slack off and postpone economic management and policy decisions will not be tolerated. As has been the case in the U.S. financial crisis, conditions in Japan can change drastically in a flash. Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda's Cabinet must shoulder the responsibility of managing the economy until the next prime minister is designated in the extraordinary Diet session. Since the government has already adopted a stimulus package, it must, while assessing events as they unfold, conduct a review of its emergency economic measures and seek to give them concrete shape.
政治空白と言われる状況にせよ、時の政権が経済運営や政策判断を怠ることや後回しにすることは許されない。米国の金融危機のように短期間に状況は激変する。福田康夫内閣は臨時国会で次期首相指名が行われるまで、経済運営を担わなければならない。総合対策を決定した以上は、事態の進行を見定めつつ、緊急実行施策は見直しも行い、具体化しなければならない。
It is still not clear when the supplementary budget to fund additional fiscal measures will be compiled and deliberated in the Diet. Though the general elections are looming, it is absurd that the LDP has still not determined its own policy on this issue.
追加予算措置が必要な施策のための補正予算をいつ編成し、国会審議はどうするのかも明らかでない。総選挙の時期と絡んでいるにしろ、自民党の方針が定まっていないのはおかしい。
Since the global economy is changing from moment to moment, the proper way to manage the Japanese economy would be to assess new developments accurately and then devise the necessary remedies.
世界経済は刻々と変化している。それを的確にとらえ、必要な施策を講ずるのが正常な経済運営の姿だ。
毎日新聞 2008年9月18日 0時19分
(Mainichi Japan) September 18, 2008
U.S. should prevent a financial crisis chain reaction
社説：リーマン破綻 危機の連鎖、米は全力で防げ
With the housing bubble in the U.S. finally triggering the bankruptcy of long-established securities corporation Lehman Brothers, and fellow major brokerage Merrill Lynch narrowly escaping collapse by selling itself, the collapse of the nerve center of the finance industry -- and the pride of the U.S. -- has rocked the securities and financial market worldwide.
米国の住宅バブル崩壊は、ついに老舗の大手証券、リーマン・ブラザーズを倒産に追いやった。同じ大手証券のメリルリンチも、破綻（はたん）こそ免れたが、事実上の身売りを選ばざるを得なかった。米国が世界に誇ってきた金融業の中枢が、崩れ始めたことを象徴する一連の出来事に、米国内だけでなく世界の証券・金融市場が大きく揺さぶられた。
However, Meltdown Monday's chain reaction cannot proceed unchecked. Japanese banks also have a 170 billion yen loan commitment in Lehman, and anxiety on how it will directly and indirectly influence Japan has spread. This may result in an unexpected and heavy blow, as countless financial institutions and investors are interrelated with various markets via complex financial products. The U.S. authorities should take all the necessary measures to avoid events expanding into a global depression.
週明けに始まった動揺なので、「メルトダウン・マンデー」などと呼ばれている。しかし、原子力施設の炉心溶解（メルトダウン）のように破綻の連鎖が止まらなくなる事態が起きてしまっては手遅れだ。邦銀もリーマンに計約１７００億円を融資しており、今後、日本への直接、間接の影響が心配される。複雑な金融商品を介して、多数の金融機関や投資家、複数の市場が関連し合っているため、予想もしなかったところに大きな打撃が及ぶ恐れもある。金融メルトダウン、世界的大不況へと発展しないよう、米当局にはあらゆる対策を取ってもらいたい。
The U.S. government's injection of the equivalent of over 20 trillion yen into government-affiliated housing finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac -- while leaving Lehman out in the cold -- is, in a sense, understandable. Fannie and Freddie have huge amounts of debt from overseas financial institutions under the implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, and if the U.S. allowed those two companies to collapse, the discredited dollar would crash, triggering global chaos. The influence on the housing market was also considered too serious.
政府系住宅金融会社、ファニーメイとフレディマックに計２０兆円超の公的資金投入枠を用意し、救済に乗り出した米政府が、リーマンには支援の手を差し伸べなかったことには、やむを得ない部分もある。ファニー、フレディは、米政府の保証付きという暗黙の了解のもとで海外の金融機関などから巨額の資金を借りていた。破綻を許せば、信頼を失ったドルの暴落など世界的な大混乱が予想された。住宅市場に与える影響も、甚大過ぎると思われた。
And while Lehman may have been the fourth largest U.S. brokerage, it still falls short of the scale of Fannie and Freddie. Furthermore, its business contacts are financial institutions and professional investors: Pumping in tax money for failure caused by sloppy risk management could lead to problems in future, while also serving to establish a precedent for major automotive manufactures or other private sectors.
リーマンは米４位の証券会社とはいえ、ファニー、フレディの規模には及ばない。取引相手は金融機関やプロの投資家だ。リスク管理の甘さからきた経営の失敗を、税金で穴埋めすれば将来に重大な禍根を残すとの判断だろう。リーマンを救えば、他の金融機関や、さらには大手自動車メーカーなど一般企業まで次々と救済しなければならなくなる恐れもあった。
Still, if a chain reaction of collapses were to start, or if it threw the market into a panic, we can't simply stick to the principle of self-responsibility. When the Japanese bad loan mess intensified, the U.S. government required an all-out policy mobilization in order "to avoid financial crisis induced by Japan." The same should go for the U.S.
しかしながら、今後、連鎖的な破綻や、市場にパニックが広がる恐れが生じれば、自己責任の原則を唱えてばかりもいられない。日本の不良債権問題が深刻化したとき米政府は、「日本発の金融危機を引き起こすな」と政策の総動員を求めた。今の米国は、まさに同じことが求められている。
This crisis has long since moved on from being a management problem at one lone financial institution, and has now caused the finance industry to crumble -- the very foundation of the securities business on which American capitalism was based -- thanks to overconfidence in highly-developing financial technologies and a global money glut, while disregarding risk evaluation, the basics of basics.
今回の金融危機では、個別金融機関の経営問題の次元を超え、米国の資本主義がよりどころとしてきた証券ビジネスの根幹、金融業の姿そのものが、崩れ落ちてしまった。金融技術の高度化と世界的な金余りの中で、自信過剰に陥り、リスクの評価という基本中の基本を軽視した結末である。
It's only logical that the price would eventually be paid by the country that danced on the bubble. The global economy will not tolerate a joint suicide.
その代償はバブルに踊った当事国で払うのが筋というものだ。世界経済まで道連れにされるようでは、たまらない。
毎日新聞 2008年9月17日 0時25分
U.S. should prevent a financial crisis chain reaction
社説：リーマン破綻 危機の連鎖、米は全力で防げ
With the housing bubble in the U.S. finally triggering the bankruptcy of long-established securities corporation Lehman Brothers, and fellow major brokerage Merrill Lynch narrowly escaping collapse by selling itself, the collapse of the nerve center of the finance industry -- and the pride of the U.S. -- has rocked the securities and financial market worldwide.
米国の住宅バブル崩壊は、ついに老舗の大手証券、リーマン・ブラザーズを倒産に追いやった。同じ大手証券のメリルリンチも、破綻（はたん）こそ免れたが、事実上の身売りを選ばざるを得なかった。米国が世界に誇ってきた金融業の中枢が、崩れ始めたことを象徴する一連の出来事に、米国内だけでなく世界の証券・金融市場が大きく揺さぶられた。
However, Meltdown Monday's chain reaction cannot proceed unchecked. Japanese banks also have a 170 billion yen loan commitment in Lehman, and anxiety on how it will directly and indirectly influence Japan has spread. This may result in an unexpected and heavy blow, as countless financial institutions and investors are interrelated with various markets via complex financial products. The U.S. authorities should take all the necessary measures to avoid events expanding into a global depression.
週明けに始まった動揺なので、「メルトダウン・マンデー」などと呼ばれている。しかし、原子力施設の炉心溶解（メルトダウン）のように破綻の連鎖が止まらなくなる事態が起きてしまっては手遅れだ。邦銀もリーマンに計約１７００億円を融資しており、今後、日本への直接、間接の影響が心配される。複雑な金融商品を介して、多数の金融機関や投資家、複数の市場が関連し合っているため、予想もしなかったところに大きな打撃が及ぶ恐れもある。金融メルトダウン、世界的大不況へと発展しないよう、米当局にはあらゆる対策を取ってもらいたい。
The U.S. government's injection of the equivalent of over 20 trillion yen into government-affiliated housing finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac -- while leaving Lehman out in the cold -- is, in a sense, understandable. Fannie and Freddie have huge amounts of debt from overseas financial institutions under the implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, and if the U.S. allowed those two companies to collapse, the discredited dollar would crash, triggering global chaos. The influence on the housing market was also considered too serious.
政府系住宅金融会社、ファニーメイとフレディマックに計２０兆円超の公的資金投入枠を用意し、救済に乗り出した米政府が、リーマンには支援の手を差し伸べなかったことには、やむを得ない部分もある。ファニー、フレディは、米政府の保証付きという暗黙の了解のもとで海外の金融機関などから巨額の資金を借りていた。破綻を許せば、信頼を失ったドルの暴落など世界的な大混乱が予想された。住宅市場に与える影響も、甚大過ぎると思われた。
And while Lehman may have been the fourth largest U.S. brokerage, it still falls short of the scale of Fannie and Freddie. Furthermore, its business contacts are financial institutions and professional investors: Pumping in tax money for failure caused by sloppy risk management could lead to problems in future, while also serving to establish a precedent for major automotive manufactures or other private sectors.
リーマンは米４位の証券会社とはいえ、ファニー、フレディの規模には及ばない。取引相手は金融機関やプロの投資家だ。リスク管理の甘さからきた経営の失敗を、税金で穴埋めすれば将来に重大な禍根を残すとの判断だろう。リーマンを救えば、他の金融機関や、さらには大手自動車メーカーなど一般企業まで次々と救済しなければならなくなる恐れもあった。
Still, if a chain reaction of collapses were to start, or if it threw the market into a panic, we can't simply stick to the principle of self-responsibility. When the Japanese bad loan mess intensified, the U.S. government required an all-out policy mobilization in order "to avoid financial crisis induced by Japan." The same should go for the U.S.
しかしながら、今後、連鎖的な破綻や、市場にパニックが広がる恐れが生じれば、自己責任の原則を唱えてばかりもいられない。日本の不良債権問題が深刻化したとき米政府は、「日本発の金融危機を引き起こすな」と政策の総動員を求めた。今の米国は、まさに同じことが求められている。
This crisis has long since moved on from being a management problem at one lone financial institution, and has now caused the finance industry to crumble -- the very foundation of the securities business on which American capitalism was based -- thanks to overconfidence in highly-developing financial technologies and a global money glut, while disregarding risk evaluation, the basics of basics.
今回の金融危機では、個別金融機関の経営問題の次元を超え、米国の資本主義がよりどころとしてきた証券ビジネスの根幹、金融業の姿そのものが、崩れ落ちてしまった。金融技術の高度化と世界的な金余りの中で、自信過剰に陥り、リスクの評価という基本中の基本を軽視した結末である。
It's only logical that the price would eventually be paid by the country that danced on the bubble. The global economy will not tolerate a joint suicide.
その代償はバブルに踊った当事国で払うのが筋というものだ。世界経済まで道連れにされるようでは、たまらない。
毎日新聞 2008年9月17日 0時25分
(Mainichi Japan) September 15, 2008
Japanese diners enjoy 'Table for Two' with African children
知りたい！：広がるＴＦＴ ランチから２０円、アフリカの子供に
◇日本発の活動、現在６１企業・団体で
Masahisa KogureWorried about metabolic syndrome? Why not curb your calories at lunch while subsidizing food aid for children in Africa?
社員食堂でカロリー控えめのランチを取って食事代の一部をアフリカの子供への給食支援に充てる「テーブル・フォー・ツー（ＴＡＢＬＥ ＦＯＲ ＴＷＯ＝ＴＦＴ）」運動が広まっている。
Such a fantastic idea has been made reality through a scheme called "Table for Two (TFT)." The movement, initiated in Japan, has been adopted in India and has prompted the United States and Britain to follow suit.
Through the program, diners at cafeterias of companies and other establishments participating in the project donate 20 yen each time they have lunch, which becomes food aid for African children. Why 20 yen? That is about what it costs to provide one meal in Africa.
So far, 61 companies and organizations in Japan are participating in the program, which is expected to improve their employees' health while making an international contribution.
社員の健康対策と国際貢献を両立する日本発のユニークな活動として、現在６１企業・団体が参加しているという。ＴＦＴはどう役立っているのか？
While about 850 million people are suffering from starvation in developing countries, approximately 1.6 billion people around the world are overweight, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）などによると、途上国では約８億５０００万人が飢餓に苦しむ。その一方、世界では約１６億人が太りすぎだという。
In order to balance such a disparity, Masaakira James Kondo, associate professor at the University of Tokyo, and other young leaders from political and business circles in Japan hatched the idea for the campaign. They named it "Table for Two," with the image in their mind of sharing a dining table with children in developing countries.
そんな「食の不均衡」を解消できないかと、近藤正晃ジェームス・東大特任准教授ほか若手政財界のリーダーらが集まり、「ＴＦＴ」を発案した。
ちょうどアフリカの給食１食分にあたる２０円を食事代から寄付する仕組みで、途上国の子供と一緒に食卓を囲むイメージから名付けた。
The donations are collected by the TFT secretariat and are then distributed to Uganda, Rwanda and Malawi by way of the U.N. World Food Program (WFP) and other international organizations.
社員食堂などから届いた寄付金は「ＴＦＴ」事務局（０３・５７７１・４１１７）が取りまとめ、世界食糧計画（ＷＦＰ）などを通じウガンダ、ルワンダ、マラウイの３カ国で学校給食費を支援する。
Masahisa Kogure, 35, chief of the TFT secretariat, visited Uganda in early June. Driving for five hours from the country's capital, he reached a poor village in a mountainous area, where the only way to make a living is by growing bananas and corn.
事務局長の小暮真久さん（３５）は６月上旬、ウガンダを訪ねた。首都から車で５時間のルヒイラ村。山あいに集落が点在し、バナナとトウモロコシ栽培で生計を立てる貧しい地域だ。
At a primary and secondary school he visited, porridge was being distributed to children for breakfast. Their lunch was corn flour paste with soup of beans and vegetables.
訪問先のニャカムリ小中学校では始業前、朝食のおかゆが子供たちに配られていた。トウモロコシの粉を練り、豆と野菜のスープをかけた食事は昼食になる。
Because children in the village are an important labor force for fetching water and taking care of goats, enrollment at the schools had been poor. However, the number of students sharply increased from about 380 to about 630 two years ago after the school started to provide meals to children.
この地域で子供たちは、水くみやヤギの世話など貴重な労働力だ。就学率は低かったが、２年前に給食を始めてから生徒数は約３８０人から約６３０人と大幅に増えた。
"Our students started to talk about their future jobs and dreams," the principal of the school told Kogure, referring to the change that was brought about by providing school meals to children.
同校のフローレンス校長は、小暮さんに「生徒は将来の仕事や夢を語るようになった」と、給食が与えた変化の大きさを語った。
In 2000, the United Nations set the Millennium Development Goals, which are aimed at reducing poverty in developing countries. Seventy-nine villages in 10 African countries were designated as model regions called "Millennium Villages." The village that Kogure visited is one of them.
国連は００年に途上国の貧困削減計画「ミレニアム開発目標」を設定。アフリカ１０カ国の７９の村をモデル地域の「ミレニアム村」に指定、ルヒイラ村もその一つだ。
The recent rising food prices, however, appears to pose a threat to the U.N. program. Instead of using costly corn, the school started to reduce the amount of school meals and serve biscuits instead.
計画の障害となりかねないのが、食糧高騰。トウモロコシの調達に費用がかさむため、給食の配給量を減らしたり、ビスケットの配給でしのいでいる。
The school also started growing saplings of vegetables in the schoolyard in order to relieve the adverse effect from the rising grain market. The school also gives out saplings to local residents and asks them to bring in part of the harvested vegetables to the school as ingredients for school meals. Parents of the students also participate in cooking school meals.
同校は、校庭で野菜の苗木を栽培。地域住民にも苗木を配り、収穫後は一部を食材として持ち寄ってもらう。保護者も調理に参加する。
"School meals prompted local residents to form a new community centered around the school. I strongly felt the importance of school meal aid," said Kogure.
「給食をきっかけに、学校を核にした地域づくりが進んでいる。給食支援の重要性を痛感した」と小暮さん。
Sumitomo Chemical Co., one of the participants of the TFT campaign, has donated about 600,000 yen through the program since the company joined the drive in May this year.
今年５月から本社や工場など８カ所でＴＦＴを始めた住友化学（東京都中央区）は、これまで約６０万円を寄付した。
The TFT secretariat has so far made about 185,000 meals worth of donations to Africa, according to the organization. For more information, call the TFT secretariat at: 03-5771-4117.
ＴＦＴ事務局が集めてアフリカに送った給食費は約１８万５０００食分。日本発の運動はインドに伝わり、米国や英国でも準備が進められている。
毎日新聞 2008年9月13日 東京夕刊
Japanese diners enjoy 'Table for Two' with African children
知りたい！：広がるＴＦＴ ランチから２０円、アフリカの子供に
◇日本発の活動、現在６１企業・団体で
Masahisa KogureWorried about metabolic syndrome? Why not curb your calories at lunch while subsidizing food aid for children in Africa?
社員食堂でカロリー控えめのランチを取って食事代の一部をアフリカの子供への給食支援に充てる「テーブル・フォー・ツー（ＴＡＢＬＥ ＦＯＲ ＴＷＯ＝ＴＦＴ）」運動が広まっている。
Such a fantastic idea has been made reality through a scheme called "Table for Two (TFT)." The movement, initiated in Japan, has been adopted in India and has prompted the United States and Britain to follow suit.
Through the program, diners at cafeterias of companies and other establishments participating in the project donate 20 yen each time they have lunch, which becomes food aid for African children. Why 20 yen? That is about what it costs to provide one meal in Africa.
So far, 61 companies and organizations in Japan are participating in the program, which is expected to improve their employees' health while making an international contribution.
社員の健康対策と国際貢献を両立する日本発のユニークな活動として、現在６１企業・団体が参加しているという。ＴＦＴはどう役立っているのか？
While about 850 million people are suffering from starvation in developing countries, approximately 1.6 billion people around the world are overweight, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）などによると、途上国では約８億５０００万人が飢餓に苦しむ。その一方、世界では約１６億人が太りすぎだという。
In order to balance such a disparity, Masaakira James Kondo, associate professor at the University of Tokyo, and other young leaders from political and business circles in Japan hatched the idea for the campaign. They named it "Table for Two," with the image in their mind of sharing a dining table with children in developing countries.
そんな「食の不均衡」を解消できないかと、近藤正晃ジェームス・東大特任准教授ほか若手政財界のリーダーらが集まり、「ＴＦＴ」を発案した。
ちょうどアフリカの給食１食分にあたる２０円を食事代から寄付する仕組みで、途上国の子供と一緒に食卓を囲むイメージから名付けた。
The donations are collected by the TFT secretariat and are then distributed to Uganda, Rwanda and Malawi by way of the U.N. World Food Program (WFP) and other international organizations.
社員食堂などから届いた寄付金は「ＴＦＴ」事務局（０３・５７７１・４１１７）が取りまとめ、世界食糧計画（ＷＦＰ）などを通じウガンダ、ルワンダ、マラウイの３カ国で学校給食費を支援する。
Masahisa Kogure, 35, chief of the TFT secretariat, visited Uganda in early June. Driving for five hours from the country's capital, he reached a poor village in a mountainous area, where the only way to make a living is by growing bananas and corn.
事務局長の小暮真久さん（３５）は６月上旬、ウガンダを訪ねた。首都から車で５時間のルヒイラ村。山あいに集落が点在し、バナナとトウモロコシ栽培で生計を立てる貧しい地域だ。
At a primary and secondary school he visited, porridge was being distributed to children for breakfast. Their lunch was corn flour paste with soup of beans and vegetables.
訪問先のニャカムリ小中学校では始業前、朝食のおかゆが子供たちに配られていた。トウモロコシの粉を練り、豆と野菜のスープをかけた食事は昼食になる。
Because children in the village are an important labor force for fetching water and taking care of goats, enrollment at the schools had been poor. However, the number of students sharply increased from about 380 to about 630 two years ago after the school started to provide meals to children.
この地域で子供たちは、水くみやヤギの世話など貴重な労働力だ。就学率は低かったが、２年前に給食を始めてから生徒数は約３８０人から約６３０人と大幅に増えた。
"Our students started to talk about their future jobs and dreams," the principal of the school told Kogure, referring to the change that was brought about by providing school meals to children.
同校のフローレンス校長は、小暮さんに「生徒は将来の仕事や夢を語るようになった」と、給食が与えた変化の大きさを語った。
In 2000, the United Nations set the Millennium Development Goals, which are aimed at reducing poverty in developing countries. Seventy-nine villages in 10 African countries were designated as model regions called "Millennium Villages." The village that Kogure visited is one of them.
国連は００年に途上国の貧困削減計画「ミレニアム開発目標」を設定。アフリカ１０カ国の７９の村をモデル地域の「ミレニアム村」に指定、ルヒイラ村もその一つだ。
The recent rising food prices, however, appears to pose a threat to the U.N. program. Instead of using costly corn, the school started to reduce the amount of school meals and serve biscuits instead.
計画の障害となりかねないのが、食糧高騰。トウモロコシの調達に費用がかさむため、給食の配給量を減らしたり、ビスケットの配給でしのいでいる。
The school also started growing saplings of vegetables in the schoolyard in order to relieve the adverse effect from the rising grain market. The school also gives out saplings to local residents and asks them to bring in part of the harvested vegetables to the school as ingredients for school meals. Parents of the students also participate in cooking school meals.
同校は、校庭で野菜の苗木を栽培。地域住民にも苗木を配り、収穫後は一部を食材として持ち寄ってもらう。保護者も調理に参加する。
"School meals prompted local residents to form a new community centered around the school. I strongly felt the importance of school meal aid," said Kogure.
「給食をきっかけに、学校を核にした地域づくりが進んでいる。給食支援の重要性を痛感した」と小暮さん。
Sumitomo Chemical Co., one of the participants of the TFT campaign, has donated about 600,000 yen through the program since the company joined the drive in May this year.
今年５月から本社や工場など８カ所でＴＦＴを始めた住友化学（東京都中央区）は、これまで約６０万円を寄付した。
The TFT secretariat has so far made about 185,000 meals worth of donations to Africa, according to the organization. For more information, call the TFT secretariat at: 03-5771-4117.
ＴＦＴ事務局が集めてアフリカに送った給食費は約１８万５０００食分。日本発の運動はインドに伝わり、米国や英国でも準備が進められている。
毎日新聞 2008年9月13日 東京夕刊
(Mainichi Japan) September 15, 2008
Respect for the Aged Day
余録：敬老の日
The little girl Nelly was close to her next door neighbor, Bartholomew. When she was a toddler, the old man took her on walks in a stroller, and when she began to totter about on her own, he lent her a helping hand when she needed one. As Nelly grew up, Bartholomew grew older.
少女ネリーは隣のおじいさんととても仲良し。赤ちゃんのころは毎日、ベビーカーで散歩に連れていってもらい、ヨチヨチ歩きだすと、必要な時だけ手を貸してくれました。ネリーが成長していくと、おじいさんはもっとおじいさんになっていきます
One day, Bartholomew got injured and had to use a wheelchair. So Nelly began to push him around in it and take him on walks, just as he had done for her when she was little. As the days passed, they made "special trades" for everything -- the baby stroller for the wheel chair, the helping hand of the old man for the helping hand of the young girl.
ある日、けがをして車イスの生活になったおじいさん。今度はネリーが、かつて自分がしてもらったように車イスを押して散歩に出かけます……。月日が流れると、ベビーカーが車イスに、手を引くのが老人から少女に、とすべての場面が「とっかえっこ」
"A Special Trade," by Sally Wittman (translated by Shuntaro Tanigawa as "Tottoki no tokkaekko"), is an American picture book that gracefully tells us how we should treat the elderly that we encounter. Indeed, as we live our lives, we all trade in one role for another.
米国の絵本「とっときのとっかえっこ」（谷川俊太郎訳、童話館出版）は、周りが老人にどう接していけばいいのか、さりげなく伝えてくれる。私たちは役割を「とっかえっこ」しながら時代を生きている
Today is Respect-for-the-Aged Day, and it is quite sad to hear depressing tales of grandchildren who steal from, or even kill their grandparents. And due to the shortage of young workers, the elderly are forced to rely increasingly on foreign workers to provide their nursing and home care. As long as the nuclear family displaces the extended family, and people live longer, the gulf between generations will continue to widen.
きょうは敬老の日だが、孫が祖父母の金を奪ったり、殺したりする暗い事件ばかりが浮かび、悲しくなる。看護・介護の現場では、若い労働力の不足で外国人労働者に頼らざるをえなくなった。核家族化や長寿化が進むほど、世代間の断絶が深まっている
And as the income gap increases, young low-income earners and the elderly will suffer the most.
さらに最近の格差拡大でもっとも苦しんでいるのが老人とワーキングプアの若者だ。
In the October issue of "Sekai" magazine, psychiatrist Inada Nada and author Karin Amamiya have called on young people and the elderly to join hands to "change Japan," and are urging that more respect be given to the spirit of mutual assistance rather than the concept of self-responsibility.
そんな老人と若者が連帯して「日本を変えよう」と精神科医のなだいなださんと作家の雨宮処凛（かりん）さんが訴えている（雑誌「世界」１０月号）。自己責任論よりも相互扶助の精神を尊重しようというのだ
In this summer's hit movie, "Ponyo on the Edge of a Cliff by the Sea," there is a nursery school situated right next to a nursing home for the aged. The director Hayao Miyazaki apparently believes that "mutual support between generations" begins with exchanges between children and the elderly. To respect the aged is to sustain the hope to live.
今夏にヒットした映画「崖の上のポニョ」では保育園と老人ホームが隣り合わせにあった。「世代間の支え合い」は子供と高齢者の交流から始まると宮崎駿監督も思っているようだ。老いを敬うことは生きる希望をつなぐことだ。
("Yoroku," a front-page column in the Mainichi Shimbun)
毎日新聞 2008年9月15日 0時11分
Respect for the Aged Day
余録：敬老の日
The little girl Nelly was close to her next door neighbor, Bartholomew. When she was a toddler, the old man took her on walks in a stroller, and when she began to totter about on her own, he lent her a helping hand when she needed one. As Nelly grew up, Bartholomew grew older.
少女ネリーは隣のおじいさんととても仲良し。赤ちゃんのころは毎日、ベビーカーで散歩に連れていってもらい、ヨチヨチ歩きだすと、必要な時だけ手を貸してくれました。ネリーが成長していくと、おじいさんはもっとおじいさんになっていきます
One day, Bartholomew got injured and had to use a wheelchair. So Nelly began to push him around in it and take him on walks, just as he had done for her when she was little. As the days passed, they made "special trades" for everything -- the baby stroller for the wheel chair, the helping hand of the old man for the helping hand of the young girl.
ある日、けがをして車イスの生活になったおじいさん。今度はネリーが、かつて自分がしてもらったように車イスを押して散歩に出かけます……。月日が流れると、ベビーカーが車イスに、手を引くのが老人から少女に、とすべての場面が「とっかえっこ」
"A Special Trade," by Sally Wittman (translated by Shuntaro Tanigawa as "Tottoki no tokkaekko"), is an American picture book that gracefully tells us how we should treat the elderly that we encounter. Indeed, as we live our lives, we all trade in one role for another.
米国の絵本「とっときのとっかえっこ」（谷川俊太郎訳、童話館出版）は、周りが老人にどう接していけばいいのか、さりげなく伝えてくれる。私たちは役割を「とっかえっこ」しながら時代を生きている
Today is Respect-for-the-Aged Day, and it is quite sad to hear depressing tales of grandchildren who steal from, or even kill their grandparents. And due to the shortage of young workers, the elderly are forced to rely increasingly on foreign workers to provide their nursing and home care. As long as the nuclear family displaces the extended family, and people live longer, the gulf between generations will continue to widen.
きょうは敬老の日だが、孫が祖父母の金を奪ったり、殺したりする暗い事件ばかりが浮かび、悲しくなる。看護・介護の現場では、若い労働力の不足で外国人労働者に頼らざるをえなくなった。核家族化や長寿化が進むほど、世代間の断絶が深まっている
And as the income gap increases, young low-income earners and the elderly will suffer the most.
さらに最近の格差拡大でもっとも苦しんでいるのが老人とワーキングプアの若者だ。
In the October issue of "Sekai" magazine, psychiatrist Inada Nada and author Karin Amamiya have called on young people and the elderly to join hands to "change Japan," and are urging that more respect be given to the spirit of mutual assistance rather than the concept of self-responsibility.
そんな老人と若者が連帯して「日本を変えよう」と精神科医のなだいなださんと作家の雨宮処凛（かりん）さんが訴えている（雑誌「世界」１０月号）。自己責任論よりも相互扶助の精神を尊重しようというのだ
In this summer's hit movie, "Ponyo on the Edge of a Cliff by the Sea," there is a nursery school situated right next to a nursing home for the aged. The director Hayao Miyazaki apparently believes that "mutual support between generations" begins with exchanges between children and the elderly. To respect the aged is to sustain the hope to live.
今夏にヒットした映画「崖の上のポニョ」では保育園と老人ホームが隣り合わせにあった。「世代間の支え合い」は子供と高齢者の交流から始まると宮崎駿監督も思っているようだ。老いを敬うことは生きる希望をつなぐことだ。
("Yoroku," a front-page column in the Mainichi Shimbun)
毎日新聞 2008年9月15日 0時11分
プロフィール
ＨＮ：
srachai
ＨＰ：
性別：
男性
職業：
civil engineer
趣味：
子育て
自己紹介：
妻はタイ人、娘ばかり３人も！
■近況
２００９年の９月１５日に脳梗塞を発症、右手が少し不自由になりました。
MRAで脳梗塞の部位を特定でき、素早い処置をとれたので大事に至りませんでした。
快復にむけてリハビリ中です。
(2011/01/01更新)
■自己紹介・リンク
[ はじめに ]
タイのスラチャイです。
英語学習に王道はありません。
毎日毎日の地道な努力の積み重ねが必要です。
スラチャイはＮＨＫのラジオ英語会話で現在の英語力を身につけました。
一日僅か１５分の学習でも数年間継続すれば相当な学習効果が期待できます。
[ 名前 ]
松井 清 （スラチャイ）
[ 略歴 ]
・福岡県出身
・国立高知大学卒業
・準大手建設会社に就職
・50歳で会社を早期退職
・99/10 タイ全土を旅行
・00/10 タイに移住
・03/07 カイちゃん誕生
・07/06 シーファーちゃん誕生
・現在タイ国コンケン在住
[ 座右の銘 ]
Slow and steady wins the race.
遅くとも着実な者が勝利する
（NHK基礎英語芹沢栄先生）
[ 学習の手引き ]
・音読して耳から英語を吸収
・Think in English.
・ネイティブ発音付辞書活用
・英英辞典を活用（英和も）
・翻訳和文で専門用語確認
[ English Newspapers ]
Yomiuri
Mainichi
Asahi
Japan Times
Washington Post
Newyork Times
Bangkok Post
The Nations
Phuket Gazette
[ 英字新聞の英和対訳学習 ]
英字新聞（読売）
英字新聞（毎日）
英字新聞（朝日）
英字新聞（朝日２）
[ スラチャイ編集の辞書 ]
タイ日辞書（改訂版）
日タイ辞書（改訂版）
ラオ日辞書
日ラオ辞書
最新記事
(02/09)
(01/22)
(01/22)
(01/09)
(01/08)
(01/01)
(06/21)
(06/12)
(06/10)
(06/06)
カテゴリー
アーカイブ
リンク
家族、リンク、多言語、タイ語
スラチャイの家族紹介
私の家族
スラチャイの手作りリンク集
スラチャイタイ在住９年目
中国語会話基礎（北京語）
タイ日辞典（単語帳）
タイ語の子音
タイ語の母音
スラチャイ編曲のmidiのギター曲
スラチャイ編曲のJ.S.Bachです
スラチャイの多国言語学習
初歩のタイ語
初歩の中国語
初歩のラオス語
初歩のビルマ語
初歩のシンハリ語
初歩のタガログ語
タイ語の基礎
タイ文字
タイ日辞書
タイ語の副詞
タイ語の前置詞
タイ語の助動詞
タイ語の接続詞
基礎タイ語
基礎タイ語一覧（タイ文字、ローマ字）
seesaaサイト内リンク一覧：
01 あいさつ
02 別れのあいさつ
03 声をかけるとき
04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
07 相手の言うことがわからないとき
08 うまく言えないとき
09 一般的なあいづち
10 よくわからないときの返事
11 強めのあいづち
12 自分について述べるとき
13 相手のことを尋ねるとき
14 頼みごとをするとき
15 申し出・依頼を断るとき
16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
21 急いでもらいたいとき
22 待ってもらいたいとき
23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
基礎タイ語一覧(タイ文字、音声付き）
サイト外HPリンク一覧：
01 あいさつ
02 別れのあいさつ
03 声をかけるとき
04 感謝の言葉と答え方
05 謝罪の言葉と答え方
06 聞き直すとき
07 相手の言うことがわからないとき
08 うまく言えないとき
09 一般的なあいづち
10 よくわからないときの返事
11 強めのあいづち
12 自分について述べるとき
13 相手のことを尋ねるとき
14 頼みごとをするとき
15 申し出・依頼を断るとき
16 許可を求めるとき
17 説明してもらうとき
18 確認を求めるとき
19 状況を知りたいとき
20 値段の尋ね方と断り方
21 急いでもらいたいとき
22 待ってもらいたいとき
23 日時・場所・天候を尋ねるとき
24 その他
タイの文化、１４の戒律
タイの文化一覧:
01 雨の日にも傘をささないタイ人
02 勉強熱心なタイ人女性たち
03 タイ人は敬謙な仏教徒
04 タイの市場
05 タイの食堂
06 タイ人は外食が大好き
07 果物王国タイランド
08 タイ人の誕生日
09 タイの電話代は高い
10 微笑みの国タイランド
1４の戒律（テラワーダ仏教戒律）
seesaaサイト内リンク一覧：
第０１番目の戒律
第０２番目の戒律
第０３番目の戒律
第０４番目の戒律
第０５番目の戒律
第０６番目の戒律
第０７番目の戒律
第０８番目の戒律
第０９番目の戒律
第１０番目の戒律
第１１番目の戒律
第１２番目の戒律
第１３番目の戒律
第１４番目の戒律
1４の戒律（テラワーダ仏教戒律）
サイト外HPリンク一覧：
１４の戒律解説
第０１番目の戒律
第０２番目の戒律
第０３番目の戒律
第０４番目の戒律
第０５番目の戒律
第０６番目の戒律
第０７番目の戒律
第０８番目の戒律
第０９番目の戒律
第１０番目の戒律
第１１番目の戒律
第１２番目の戒律
第１３番目の戒律
第１４番目の戒律